میلاد کریمی

One of the additive manufacturing methods is deposition with direct energy, which is used to produce and repair complex parts in industries. This method includes a set of variables that significantly affect the geometry of deposited layers. In this research, the effect of power and laser scanning speed on the geometrical features (width, height, and wetting angle) of Inconel 718 clads on 316 stainless steel substrate has been investigated. Based on the experimental results, the mathematical equations for the relationship between the crucial variables of the process and the geometry of the clads were established by the method of multiple regression analysis, and the results showed that the measured data is consistent with the predicted one. Based on the equations, it was predicted that the laser scanning speed has a decreasing effect on all the investigated geometric features of the clads while the laser power has an increasing effect on the width and height of the clads and a decreasing effect on the wetting angle.

In this study, we examined the effect of natural ventilation on internal climate conditions with regard to the hygrothermal performance of the building envelopes during critical thermal conditions in Golestan province’s mountainous areas. Such research has not been conducted in the mountainous areas of Golestan, particularly in recently constructed buildings and this research demonstrates the ineffectiveness of new buildings providing acceptable thermal conditions for its residents. The thermal comfort conditions of the residents were evaluated using a questionnaire to assess the comfort zone and the sources of their discomfort throughout the warm months of the year. According to the questionnaire findings, one of the reasons for the residents' concern and discomfort was the high humidity of the space, which ranged between 58.8% and 65%. Then, utilizing environmental data collected at the research location, we simulated the hygrothermal performance of the building envelopes using WUFI software to evaluate their effect on indoor climate conditions when natural ventilation was used. The hypothesis of this study is that natural ventilation is incapable of improving the climate conditions inside the building during critical situations. According to the findings, the present building's envelopes have little effect on reducing the relative humidity of the area, and even when natural ventilation is used, the relative humidity fluctuates based on the conditions in the exterior space, and comfort conditions are still not provided. It should be highlighted that the simulation findings reveal that using natural ventilation in critical thermal circumstances raises the temperature of the indoor air. Finally, the study's findings demonstrate that present construction methods and the lack of usage of vernacular architectural features, cause a lack of thermal comfort in the interior of the building during occurance of critical thermal conditions, even when natural ventilation is used.

In this article, we examine the thermal comfort levels of residents living in new facilities in the mountainous area of Aliabad Katul in the Golestan province. This area has its own climatic conditions and is influenced by moderate climate conditions due to its location in the southern region of the Caspian Sea. Golestan is located in the temperate and humid region of the shores of the Caspian Sea. The more we move to the east on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, the less humidity and rainfall. In this area, the average temperature is between 25 and 30 degrees Celsius in summer and 0 and 5 degrees Celsius in winter. The four selected buildings are located in the mountainous area of Rig Cheshme and are built on two floors and the second floor is 3 meters above the ground, and each floor has an area of 45 square meters. The south porch is 10.3 meters in length and 2.95 meters in width. Most of the primary openings are located in this area of the building, which also serves as the main entry to the units. These buildings have one bedroom, one bathroom and six openings. These buildings were chosen for the study because all the new buildings in the area was strikingly similar to them in terms of construction techniques, materials, and their floor plans. The sole heating source in the main room is a wood fireplace, while the only cooling source in the building is a ceiling fan. These buildings are influenced by the local traditional architecture, including broad porches on the southern side that face the valley. In this study, the participants' comfort levels were assessed, and their opinions were gathered utilizing the assembled questionnaires. Two data loggers were also employed to capture the relative humidity and air temperature of the inside and outside environments at the same time the questionnaires were being completed. For one week in July, the hours for collecting opinions and gathering data were 10:00–18:00. Since July has the warmest weather of the year, there is a higher than usual demand for cooling solutions during this month. One data logger is placed outside (on the south porch and in the shade) at a height of 1.2 meters, while the other is placed inside the residences in the center of the room at the same height. Cross ventilation was set up and air flow speed was monitored during the data collection period in order to examine the impact of air flow intensity on relative humidity and air temperature within the building. The volume of the questionnaire was set at 100 since this study was conducted in high-altitude regions and in Ali Abad Katul villages with a population of less than 1000 people. These questionnaires were not passed out to those under the age of 18 or those over the age of 60 in order to validate the research's findings, and the ones they filled out were also removed. considering the area's limited population, 87 completed questionnaires were chosen for this study. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked using the SPSS 26 program. We utilized the Cronbach's alpha test for this reason; the Cronbach's alpha value is equal to 0.816, which shows moderate and acceptable reliability, when examining at questions on the same spectrum concerning people's responses to their thermal sensations and reactions. The surveys gather information on people's age, body mass index (BMI), length of residency, thermal sensation, thermal expectations, sources of discomfort in the space, and hours of discomfort. Finally, the findings were examined by investigating various aspects of people's comfort levels. According to the study's findings, those who had lived in the area for a longer time were more adapted to its environmental conditions, and a factor like clothing had no impact on whether they felt comfortable or uncomfortable. The day's maximum temperature occurred in the afternoon, and the presence of high relative humidity in the air and a lack of natural ventilation are two factors that led to people's discomfort. For this study, the regression slope is 0.329, the neutral temperature is 26.1°C, and the acceptable range is 22.9°C to 29.5°C (for the 90% of people's comfort).

In order to investigate the effects of nanosilicon in salinity stress amelioration in miniature garden rose 'Sanaz' a factorial experiment as a completely randomized design were done with three replications at greenhouse of University of Maragheh in 1399. At the present study for improving in quantitative, qualitative and biochemical traits of miniature garden roses under salt stress (0, 25 and 50 mM NaCl), SiO2-NPs spray were used at different levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1). Results showed that all measured traits were decreased severely at 50 mM salinity compared to controls and the least amount of each parameter were recorded at 50 mM level of salinity. While SiO2-NPs spray at 50 mM salinity caused to preserve chlorophyll index and led to increase in the number of plant leaves (62.4%), maximum florescence (55.4%) and variable florescence (more than 3 folded). Also, SiO2-NPs spray decreased the minimum florescence (44%) at 50 mM salinity. Nanosilicon by stimulating growth and increasing in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes resulted in a decreased lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde amount and, subsequently decreased oxidative stress in plant cells. Spray of nanosilicon under salinity stress, increased the amount of proline and decreased the oxidative damage to the protein. It seems that according to the present results foliar application of SiO2-NPs especially at 200 mg L-1 under salinity stress can be recommended in garden roses.

Children with hearing loss (HL) are susceptible to language delay due to the reduced ability to receive and process audible sounds, and their access to normal language development is the main concern of their family and related professionals. This study aimed to investigate the differences present in macro- and micro-structures of oral narrative, lexical and phonological awareness skills among preschool-aged children with sensorineural HL who wear hearing aids (HA) or cochlear implant prosthesis (CI) and, children with typical development (TD). Also, the association between these language domains was explored.

Twenty-three HL children in the age range of 4 to 7 years old (including 13 children with HA and 10 children with CI), and 12 children with normal hearing were evaluated using storytelling, a lexical task, and three phonological awareness tasks. Narrative samples were transcribed and coded for several macro- (i.e., coherence) and micro-structure (i.e., grammatical complexity and cohesion) measures.

The language measures were not significantly different between children with HA and CI. Compared to their same-age peers, children with HA were significantly weaker in all language domains except syllable segmentation. Also, the scores of CI children were significantly lower than their TD peers in all language measures except syllable segmentation and coherence index (P<0.01). A positive and significant correlation (P<0.05) was observed among phonological awareness skills, lexical performances, and narrative macro- and micro-structure measures in both groups of children with HL and typical development.

Regardless of the type of hearing aids, children with HL are at greater risk for a deficit in basic and higher level language skills and so, need additional speech and language training, especially in preschool years. The associations between different language skills and their effects on language acquisition and rehabilitation of HL children are discussed.

This manuscript deals with a Shannon wavelet regularization method to solve the inverse Cauchy problem associated with the Helmholtz equation which uses to identify the radiation wave of an infinite “strip” domain. In view of Hadamard, the proposed problem extremely suffers from an intrinsic ill-posedness, i.e., the exact solution of this problem is computationally impossible to measure since any measurement or numerical computation is polluted by inevitable errors. To retrieve the solution, a regularization scheme based on Shannon wavelet is developed. The regularized solution is restored by Shannon wavelet projection on elements of Shannon multiresolution analysis. Furthermore, the concepts of convergence rate and stability of the proposed scheme are investigated and some new optimal stable estimates of the so-called Holder-Logarithmic type are rigorously derived by imposing an a priori information controlled by Sobolev scale.  The computational performance of the proposed method effectively confirms the applicability and validity of our qualitative analysis.

One of the demands of our society after the Islamic Revolution was establishment of Islamic values in all aspects of society, especially in area of management decisions. A review of literature teaches about management and its principles shows the resource for Japanese and western teachings of this area. In Iran, in most cases in practice, priority is placed on executives Islamic society organizations. This research was qualitative approach using content analysis to compare the management principles of Islam and Japan. As a result of studying the Quran and the Prophet (pbuh) and the infallible Imams (AS), especially Nahj al-Amiralmomenin, points raised in the principles of management, including planning, decision making, organizing, coordinating, monitoring and communication requirements, which applying by introducing them to the Muslim community organizations provide assistance in policy.

Due to the necessity of the proper driver packaging, setting parameters for the driver to achieve the highest ergonomics of the driver has a great importance. The range of variations in some parameters of the package is wide, and the correct selection of the packaging parameters until to achieve driver’s ergonomics position, requires some tests. In this study, using the MINITAB16 software and using these parameters, several driving simulation were performed using the DHM (Digital human modeling) and DOE (Design of experiment) tools. Hence, for the C segment vehicles, the range of all driver’s package parameters, such as seat height, steering angle etc., was extracted using the A2MAC1 site, and was considered as the basis for the input parameter. According to the proposed tests by MINITAB16 software, the driver’s comfort level was evaluated based on the PORTER (1998) criteria. The seat height and also vertical and horizontal distances of the steering wheel to the accelerator heel point have the greatest impact on the driver’s ergonomics. Also, due to the high correlation between some of the parameters of the package and the ergonomics outputs of the body while driving, predictive equations were presented in this regard. The results are the optimal model for ergonomic driving position. The most influential parameters of the driver’s package are ergonomically known and using the ANOVA (Analysis of variance), mathematical predictor models were presented.

The principals have conducted detailed investigations in order to provide rules for the judgement of judiciary. One of these issues, is the discussion of reality and virtual. With the rightful explanation of Imam Khomeini on metonymy (Majaz) in the scientific societies and the similarity of his views to Sakkaki’s, this question arises in minds of the scholars that whether Imam Khomeini’s opinion the same as Sakkaki’s or in some ways is different from that? The present article with the full explanation about three viewpoints of Mashhur, Sakkaki, and Imam Khomeini, and comparison and comparative study of these three opinions, aims to investigate their similarities and differences which has
many facets, and express the innovations of Sakkaki and Imam Khomeini. The result of this study is that Mashhur considers using in meaning as real and use in other than meaning as virtual. But, Sakkaki has a new theory. His opinion states that in the metaphor, the use of the term is in meaning , but with the claim that before the serious purpose of the speaker is one of the examples of the meaning of the thing which
is denoted ,Imam Khomeini following his master the late Abu-al-majd Esfahani agreed with Sakkaki’s opinion but with two basic differences: first, the use of the term in the meaning of the thing denoted is not just in metaphor, but it is the same in all of the metonymies , and second, Sakkaki believed in claim before reference but Imam Khomeini believed in claim after reference. This paper has been conducted with a library-based method and a comparative approach.

One of our society’s legitimate demands, after the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran, is establishment of a pure Islamic values in quit all issues, especially in the field of business and economical decision making. However, by reviewing the academic contexts in marketing mix decisions, which is product, price, promotion, place, indicating that these sources are replete with numerous Western contents and in all cases prioritized businesses managers actions in practice. Main purpose in this paradigm is to maximize benefit and market share. This research is based on qualitative approach, and content analysis is used. As a result, by reviewing Quran’s verses and prophet Mohammad and Imams’ life and behavior and Islamic scientists’ ideas, values arises in marketing mix are based on Islamic principles, containing monotheism, justice, honesty and patience are extracted; in a way that introducing them, provides assistances in marketing mix policies.

Logicians often consider the subject of every knowledge as a criterion to distinguish it from other sciences and believe that what distinguishes knowledge from other sciences is its subject. Nevertheless, some, by believing in lack of reason for the subject of the knowledge and challenging it, know the definition and the finality of the sciences as the reason of their distinction. Allameh Tabatabaee like other logicians believes in what distinguishes knowledge from other sciences is its subject and the subject of the knowledge is based on the inherent accident and he tries to defend this theory by reducing it. This essay is trying to study the late Allameh Tabatabaee’s views on this speech and what distinguishes his views with other logicians who know the finality of the sciences as their distinguishing aspect.

Social capital is an interdisciplinary subject that in recent years, increasingly experts in science, especially in the field of management and economics, has to be considered; and also in the field of religion and value system to study this concept is. In this paper, the history, definitions and characteristics of social capital and its components from the two Western look and value system has been proposed. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual model to achieve the components of social capital in the western look and value system. This research is qualitative approach using content analysis was conducted. As a result, the Western and Islamic sources, components and sub-components regarding social capital that includes the structural, relational and cognitive extracted with the introduction of assistance to be provided to interest.

One of the most precious aspects of good governance in Islamic management system is the issue of reclamation and production support as well as entrepreneurship and creating opportunities for all members of the community. This paper, according to documentary evidence and even with more frequency, has tried to emphasize on the importance of hard work and entrepreneurship as well as the principles and characteristics of entrepreneurs from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (AS). This research has been prepared with qualitative approach and using content analysis method so that, With study of Imam Ali’s traditions and practical manner, we can see that Type of work was not important for him and even he believed that productive work which could create Opportunities and trait, was full of dignity and respect. Imam Ali’s support of agriculture and the creation of endowments as well as encourage for the industry and legitimate business are valuable examples that we have discussed in this article. Finally, the characteristics of entrepreneurs that includes personal, social, psychological, economic and physical characteristics and features and their introduction has been extracted to provide assistance for those interested.