مینو محمدخانی

Considering the increasing incidence of Covid-19, recognizing the clinical features of this disease, including the identification of the first symptom of the disease and smell, taste and their affecting factors, seems to be an effective step in early diagnosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of olfactory and taste disorders and its related factors in definitive patients with COVID-19.

This study is a case series study in which 158 patients with Covid-19 were included in the study. The data are based on a researcher-made checklist and completed with the examination of an ENT specialist. After entering the data into SPSS-21 software, central indices and dispersion were calculated and examined the relationships between variables with chi-square, t test and Regression.

In these study, olfactory disorders were observed in 37 patients (23.4%) and taste disorders in 47 patients (29.7%). first symptom appeared in 66 cases (41.8%) fever, 31 cases (19.6%) cough, 27 cases (17.1%) sore throat, in 20 cases (12.7%) olfactory, 9 cases (5.7%) taste disorders, Three cases (1.9%) were reported decreased level of consciousness and two cases (1.3%) nausea.

In this study, COVID 19 patients showed a wide range of clinical and nonspecific symptoms, which seems to be one of the significant clinical manifestations of olfactory and taste disorders that may occur before any other symptoms in patients. Therefore, considering the importance of isolating patients to prevent disease transmission is better to give the necessary training and advice to the community.

Background and Contradictory evidences indicate that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increase the risk of spontaneous abortion (SA). Therefore, in a systematic review and meta- analysis we investigated the association between GDM and SA.
Relevant articles published between January 2000 and April 2016 were identified by a systematic search in national and international databases. Eligible studies were included in meta-analysis after quality assessment. We also determined the heterogenic index using Cochran’s test (Q) and I2. Based on the heterogenetic results, a random effect model was performed to combine the results. Stata software was used for data analyses.
A total of 26 studies was included in current meta-analysis in which SA was reported in 2280 pregnant women with GDM. But in 24145 pregnant women without GDM SA occurred in 2386. Significant heterogeneity was observed between the results (P Appropriate control and screening for GDM in pregnant women could reduce the risk of SA.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, which is mainly transmitted from animals to human through ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products or direct contact with infected animal secretions. Since the people in contact with animals are considered to be at risk of Brucellosis, the aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of this disease in staff of cattle farms and slaughterhouses in Tehran in 2012.
This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 430 staff of cattle farms and slaughterhouses (regular and specialized slaughterhouses for slaughtering animals suspected to brucellosis) in Tehran, 2012. Serum samples were prepared and evaluated through Rose Bengal, Wright, and 2-Mercaptoethanol tests. Demographic information and occupational characteristics of the participants were collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression via Stata 12.
The serologic test for brucellosis were positive in 5 patients and brucellosis seroprevalence rate was 1.16%. All participants in this study were male and 97.4 % of them were Iranian. The participant's mean age was 34.45 ± 9.46 years. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between a positive test and independent variables (including age, education, workplace, dangerous occupational exposure, past dangerous occupational exposure, consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, occupational background, and keeping livestock at home).
Continuing implementing prevention programs such as educational programs and using personal protective equipment in at-risk groups are necessary.

Brucellosis is a zoonosis disease that is important in humans and animals. Since the disease is important in ranchers and veterinarians, we conducted this study to estimate the seroprevalence of the infection in these groups in Kerman. In this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, 187 industrial and semi-industrial dairy personnel and veterinary network staff of Kerman in 2012 were recruited. Rose Bengal, Wright and 2-Mercaptoethanol were done on serum samples. Demographic and occupational characteristics of the participants were recorded. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression via the Stata software. The prevalence of brucellosis was 3.2%. In this study, the history of brucellosis in the family, working in the veterinary network, and working in semi-industrial versus industrial dairy farms were the risk factors of the disease. Although the prevalence of the infection was lower than other studies, it was still considerable in these groups; therefore, it is necessary to improve preventive measures in these groups.

Prostate Cancer is the most prevalent malignant cancer in men. Due to the lack of similar investigation in Kerman province, we intended to design a study to evaluate the epidemiology of the disease in Kerman province. In this cross-sectional study, all cases of prostate cancer from 2006 to 2010 recorded at the Deputy of Health of Kerman and Rafsanjan Universities of Medical Sciences were studied, and their incidence were estimated according to age of diagnosis, date of diagnosis and the city of residence. Data was analyzed by Chi-Square. Totally 312 cases were registered and their mean and median age was 73.30±10.31 and 75 years, respectively. Most patients were in the 70-79 years old. The highest and lowest incidence rate were in Baft and Bam with 632.3 and 133.4 per one million persons and in 70-79 age group and under 30 years with 3747.2 and 0.3 per one million persons, respectively. The incidence rates among different age classes and towns were significantly dissimilar (p=0.001). Due to the high incidence of disease among individuals under fifty years old in the province, more studies are needed to clarify the factors related to disease and the necessity of performing screening in younger ages.