نادر رحمانی

In the last decade, the socio-economic status of individuals has been one of the main influencing factors among the social factors on driving behavior in the world. In this study, the relationship between the components of the level of socioeconomic status affecting the driver's traffic behavior is investigated and finally, a structural model is presented to predict the relationship between the research variables.

The statistical population of this study is Sample size of 250 drivers in Tehran during the 2017year period in Tehran. The research method is of the correlation type in a survey method. After estimating the socioeconomic status indicators based on standardized components, the relationship between the individual's position and his driving behavior was estimated based on the standard questionnaire in three domains of anxiety behaviors, excessive cautious behaviors, and emotional behaviors.

At first, Pearson statistical test was used to estimate the correlation between research variables and it was found that there was a significant relationship between emotional and hostile behaviors and extreme cautious behavior with socio-economic status of driver with coefficients of 0.225 and 0.139. There is no correlation between basic anxiety behavior and driver socioeconomic status.

In order to present a model for predicting driver behavior, regression analysis was performed between the variables of this study and using factor structure model ,was presented a predictive model of relationship between driver traffic behavior and socioeconomic status.

Modifying the traffic behavior of drivers is one of the key issues in reducing accidents in countries. In the meantime, three human, social, and technical-engineering factors influence driver traffic behavior, and interventions in each of these components affect driver behavior.

In this study, it has been attempted to qualitatively investigate the drivers 'traffic behavior based on these three factors and to determine the characteristics of each of these components and their impact on the drivers' traffic behavior. This can assist traffic constellations in predicting driver traffic behavior. In the qualitative section, through in-depth and semi-in-depth interviews with transport elites through planned content analysis, the factors affecting driver behavior were explained and ranked the effects of each of the factors.

Among the three mentioned factors, at first social factor and external controls were considered as the most effective factors on driver's traffic behavior and secondly, individual factor and third, technical and engineering factor in road and automobile domain. In the continuation of this study, the Friedman statistical test has identified and explained prioritizing the attributes in each of these three factors.
Suggestions: It seems that social controls can regulate much of traffic behavior and work to change and modify traffic behavior in society. To change the research on traffic behavior, one must consider each of these three factors in view of the impact of social factors. Take action on traffic behavior. In order to change the research on traffic behavior of driver   should be taken the necessary actions considering the approach of influencing social factors on traffic behavior

The present study aims at investigating the lifestyle of Tehran’s young drivers with driving accidents. The applied research method was correlation. Stratified sampling method was used to select the insurance centers, hospitals, correctional and prison cells. The target population included all people in Tehran with the age range of 18 to 24 who had experienced a car crash. From among this population, 576 patients were selected. The instrument used in this study is the lifestyle questionnaire of Almahmoud, Simmons, and El Asfar.
Findings: There was a significant relationship between the accident background and the lifestyle dimensions; Driving Style (0/124) and Social Factors (-0/13) (p

This paper investigates the Impact of people’s supervision via SMS system on controlling bus drivers’ risky behaviors in Tehran-shiraz Axis. This will be important in enhancing safety management of public transport system. The research method is descriptive survey; statistical community is traffic control police experts and 1300Shiraz-Tehran bus passengers. Sample volume is 297 based on Morgan table and possible sampling method. Data gathering ts validity and reliability was approved through Cochrane equation with a factor of 0.901. The results of the research indicates that using such a system will bring benefits including reducing illegalities, preventing endangering passengers and becoming aware of potential crimes to the fore. It is suggested that the drivers become aware of the impact of their driving on reduction of accidents, costs, injuries, deaths as well as influence of people’s SMSs on their performance.

The field and object: performing police assist plan in March 2007 based on a joint agreement of traffic police with the Ministry of education was one of the programs of traffic police that was operational and would very much welcome the students, their parents and project manager in education. Hence, one of the basic training of traffic police for children in pre-school and primary and secondary first period is training skills that they can show proper behavior in connection with traffic safety in road and street with learning those skills. This training leads to institutionalize traffic discipline and behavior in students with a sense of responsibility.
This study investigated the effect of traffic regulations education on collaborators police performance in 2012 in Tehran, has identified factors affecting the project and police collaborators performance primary school and secondary first period to take steps in relation to strengthen it in the future plans of making culture and improve traffic safety and reduce accidents and fatalities and provide optimal performance solutions such a plan. This research is appliced n and is analytical-descriptive in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this study includes 180 traffic police officers and experts, managers and teachers that are selected for random cluster sampling. The instruments used to collect data in the first and second seasons is documentary and library studies and in the fourth season is researcher-maker questionnaire. Research questionnaire after the validity and reliability of were distributed among the statistical population.
The results according to five-item Likert spectrum and using descriptive statistical methods of data were descriptive analysis. Also Fridman statistical test was used to test research questions. The results suggests that training content ,practical and theoretical training, training location and time have been effective on the performance of the police collaborators.
Suggestions: due to the importance of the police collaborators in order to improve driving behavior of families and the general public suggests that a special and separate lesson has been considered to train teachings of traffic as(police collaborators) and photos of traffic and traffic signs more used to teach traffic rules and traffic regulations. Also given that science day is moving with speed to virtual space, it is necessary that virtual space in order to be educators and Change theoretical training from classroom to workshops can greatly affect the efficiency of the police collaborators and adolescent police helpers.
1 Assistant Professor of Police University
2 PhD student of Police University traffic management
3 Masters student of Traffic management (respomding Author)

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social beliefs and traffic behavior of drivers of Bojnourd city. In order to conduct this research the survey method has been used. The study population comprised of all Bojnourd cities public drivers Based on the Morgan - Krejcie (1970) sample size formula and table 120 people were estimated as observation units. The units were selected through simple random sampling method. The data collection tool for changing irrational beliefs was the Jones (1968) IBT test in which we adapted the 60 questions out of 6 dimension and in order to measure driving behavior Mohammad Moghaddam and Habibi (1389) questionnaire which comprises of 27 question was used To analyze the collected data the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between irrational belief components except driver's dependencies and drivers, traffic behavior.

Children as traffic users need some trainings that reduce their vulnerability in accidents and injuries. Using pre and post-tests, we conducted this experimental research to study the impact of teaching traffic culture (traffic laws) on 4th grade boy students’ traffic performance and their level of awareness about risk behaviors. Statistical population was all 4th grade boy students in Sanandaj, Iran in academic year 2012-2013. 60 students were selected through multinominal sampling; they were divided in two groups of 30 students in terms of experimental and control groups. Research tools included the questionnaires of level of awareness assessment in regard to traffic behavior and traffic performance assessment. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance were applied to analyze the data. The results indicated that teaching traffic rules would increase students’ level of awareness about preventing concepts and attitudes towards potential traffic risks and would also enhance their tendency to improve their traffic performance in terms of pedestrians, bicycle riders, car passengers and traffic signs.

This study was performed with the aim of developing a primary model for performance evaluation of police university graduates. The study with a practical nature, used focus groups method in order to gather the needed data and was analyzed by qualitative method.The study population were selected from experts and university professors of police university. This model went through critical investigation and there was an interview with professional police College of Science and Technology Frontier, College of Science, Technology Traffic, College of Science and Technology of Information and Knowledge, College of Science, Office Technology and Support in -. The sample consisted of focus group of - persons each from faculty members and educational staff from the above mentioned faculties and professional police at the command and major. This primary study was performed at stages. At first stage general professional and specific characteristics According to each major was evaluated in focus groups. At the second stages, a primary model was designed according to viewpoints of the focus groups. This model consisted of nine categories. At the third stage, this model went through critical investigation and there was an interview with professional police focus group. At the fourth stage, the model was improved by using the five focus groups and professional police views and the number of categories was reduced to six. at the fifth stage after gaining a general agreement on the number of levels and categories of competency model, the elements regarding every category were reviewed in focus groups and by professional police and then was finalized.According to the obtained results, the model for competency in Police University is a Pyramidal and hierarchical one, Consisted of six levels which were personal, general, professional, operational, scientific/technical, and specific and management competency. This theoretical model provides an introduction for vast and several surveys which can prepare the ground for police university scientific promotion and making the educational courses more up-to-date and will be followed by educational courses and plans.

Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Determining knowledge, attitude and practice among traffic police about road traffic injuries, can improve the desired outcomes. Determination of KAP and educational needs assessment regarding road traffic injuries among traffic police officers. A descriptive study was conducted among 185 traffic police who was randomly selected from all traffic police officers list in 2008. Data was collected by using structural questionnaire (questionnaire was validated by content validity and reliability was determined by test re test r=0.8), after a formal consent by trained experts. Educational need assessment was determined by one open question. Scores was categorized due to statistical quartiles of the subject. Mean ± SD of age, was 33.4 ± 6.8 years. There was a significant deference about good knowledge between bachelor officers and other levels of education (p