ناصر حاتم زاده

Logbook is an important tool for learning, monitoring and evaluating students' periodic activities during their internship. According to the revised curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion, the present study was conducted with the aim of development an educational logbook.
According to the revision of the curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion, the present study was conducted to design an educational logbook for the internship course of the master's degree in health education and health promotion.

This developmental study was conducted using the Delphi technique from 2018 to 2022 in the form of 10 face-to-face and 3 virtual meetings. In this research, the participation of specialized board members, heads of department, faculty members and students of medical sciences universities of the country was used with the convenience sampling method. At first, the chapters of internships were extracted according to the curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion and analyzed based on Bloom's classification in three cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral domains, and then the intended activities were designed.

In this research, 39 activities in the 5 fields (according to the approved curriculum) were compiled as activities needed by students in the form of a log book. 11 activities were determined for comprehensive health service centers, 10 activities for media, 7 activities for workplaces, 7 activities for community and 4 activities in the areas of needs assessment, development, implementation and evaluation.

According to the designed log book, it is expected the end of internship, the students will learn the different stages of an educational intervention, including needs assessment; Practice design, implementation or evaluation according to any internship environment or field and improve their abilities.

Accountability and social commitment is one of the philosophical approaches of universities, which focuses more on the responsibility of universities in serving the society. The purpose of this research is to identify the skills expected by the society from the graduates of the master's degree in health education and health promotion in order to increase the level of social accountability. 

This qualitative study was conducted with the quantitative content analysis method at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. The statistical population of this research was all the students and graduates of the master's degree in health and the staff in charge of the health education unit in the sub-category of health department, who were invited to the study by available sampling method. The data collection method was a structured interview.

This research was conducted with the participation of 19 health education graduates and experts with an average age of 39 years and an average work experience of 14 years. 105 needs and skills of a health education and health promotion expert in the form of four main categories including; The required skills of a health education and health promotion expert in the workplace, useful skills for the workplace that are taught in the university, skills expected in the workplace and expectations from the educational system to increase responsiveness to the needs of society were presented.

There is a gap between the skills taught at the university level and the job needs of graduates of this field, and most of this difference is estimated for practical skills. Also, in order to improve responsiveness to the needs of employees and ultimately the needs of the society, the scientific and practical support of health education experts is needed for the workers in the work environment, which requires close interaction of the health department with the health faculty.

In the medical fields, internship and field training play a very important role in the education of students. The purpose of the present study was to determine the status of education in the field for students and enhancing the level of health system accountability in Jundishapor University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz.

The current research was a descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2019 in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz. The study people includes 209 of senior students in all majors, 97 of faculty members, and 18 of non-faculty resident trainee instructors. The study tool was three researcher-made questionnaires, made available to the study subjects through the educational vice-chancellor of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Indices (CVI) as well as Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used for content validity and internal consistency, respectively. The evaluation of training in the field was done in six domains. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS24 software.

The number of participants in the study was 322 people. Examining the views of the participants showed that the state of education in the field was average for the six domains. In the comparison between different domains, 'content and compliance with the training curriculum in the field' had the highest average of the score (2.38 out of 4) and 'motivational and behavioral issues for training in the field' had the lowest average (1.98 out of 4).

The findings of the present study showed that from the point of view of the three target groups, the state of education in the field is still far from the ideal state. Therefore, it is recommended to plan in order to develop the necessary infrastructure for training in the field, provide motivational opportunities for faculty members, resident instructors and other staff involved in student training and improve the evaluation method.

Personal communication between health care providers and clients is one of the most important factors affecting the satisfaction of clients from comprehensive health service centers. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of virtual training based on the theory of Reasoned Action developed on the interpersonal communication skills of health care workers in Ahvaz city.

This intervention study was conducted on 88 health care providers in Ahvaz, Iran (44 people in the test group and 44 people in the control group) in 2021. The data were collected before and 2 months after the intervention by using a questionnaire including items on the theory of Reasoned Action constructs and a questionnaire assessing the interpersonal communication skills. The educational content was provided to the test group in a virtual environment using the WhatsApp during 12 sessions each lasting for 60 minutes. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software version 24 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used.

The average score of the constructs of the theory of Reasoned Action in the test group compared to the control group increased significantly after the intervention. Also, the interpersonal communication skills in the test group increased significantly after the intervention compared to the control group. The most change was related to attitude and behavior and the least change was related to subjective norms.

Training based on the theory of rational action developed virtually using social network (WhatsApp) was effective in improving the interpersonal communication skills of health care providers. It seems that the implementation of such training programs can be useful for increasing the interpersonal communication skills of health care providers.

 Communication skills are a set of behaviours through which aperson communicate with others in such a way leading to positive responses and the avoidance of negative responses. This study aims to predict the determinants of interpersonal communication skills among healthcare providers of Ahvaz city based on the extended theory of reasoned action.

 This cross-sectional descriptive study was condcuted on 160 healthcare providers of Ahvaz city in 2021using random sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 and AMOSS version 22 software, using correlation tests, regression analysis, independent samples t-test and paired t-test.

 The mean age and work experience of the participants was 35.76± 6.55 and 10.31± 6.79 years, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation indicated a direct and significant correlation between attitude (r = 0.527), subjective norm (r = 0.243), and self-efficacy (r = 0.630) together and with behavioral intention. Among the constructs of the extended theory of reasoned action, self-efficacy (r = 0.630) and subjective norm (r = 0.243) had the highest and lowest correlation with behavioral intention of health care providers, respectively. Furthermore, this theory predicted 0.22 variance of attitude, 0.02 variance of subjective norm and 0.49 variance of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was the strongest and subjective norms was the weakestpredictors of communications skills behavior, respectively.

 According to the results, it seems that in planning to implement behavioural interventions to promote interpersonal communication skills in healthcare providers, more emphasis should be placed on strategies related to increasing attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioural intention.

Mobile phone is one of the most important means of communication and social in the present age, and there are concerns about its harmful effects due to the growing use of it among adolescents. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior regarding microbial and radiation complications of mobile phone in female students of secondary school in Baghmalek city.

The present study was a quasi-experimental two-group study (test and control) that was conducted on 100 students in 2019. The target population consisted of female high school students who entered the study using stratified sampling method. The educational intervention was conducted using the method of short lecture, group discussion, question and answer based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. The training sessions were conducted in the form of group training in the form of 3 sessions for 90 minutes during a month. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 software and independent t-test and paired t-test.

The results showed that before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation scores of attitudes (24.08 ±4.78), Subjective norm (32.52 ±7.67), perceived behavioral control (32.28 ±5.05), behavioral intention (13.14 ±4.44) and behavior (24.30 ±4.40) between the two groups of control and test were not significantly different (P <0.05). However, one month after the educational intervention, the mean scores and standard deviation of attitude (25.94 ±5.95), subjective norm (37.22 ±7.31), perceived behavioral control (34.80 ±5.42), and behavior (26.86 ±5.95), except for the behavioral intention (14.02 ±3.11) in the test group, increased significantly (p <0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, education based on planned behavior theory is fruitful and can improve studentschr('39') microbial and mobile phone Preventive behaviors by increasing attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.

Assessment of acadimicinas' activities is needed to ensure education development. The purpose of this study was to assess Development of a measure to assess the content of course plan, PowerPoint Slides and final semester exam of academicians in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. The methode of research, qualitative and sterategy used was Grounded theory (systematic scheme). The statical population included all the scientific talents of public universities throughout the contry. For sampling, targeted sampling, theoretical and snowball were used and then 20 scientific talents were selected and participated in the semi- structured interview. Considering the results obtained from interviews, factors to attract, develop and retain scientific talent in the higher education system were identified and also three phases of open coding, axial and selective coding model in six categories were presented as causative conditions, axial phenomena, action/intraction, context, interventional conditions and outcomes of talent management system of higher education. According to the results, the establishment of a talent management system in Iran's higher education was based on individual, managerial, and dynamic adaptation factors. Furthuremore, it was constructed on the strategic focus, strategic alignment and the adoption of effective strategies for attracting, developing and maintaining. The context providing strategies included organizational factors, job-related factors and extra-organizational conditions thatin interaction with the context and interfere factors, it contained attitudinal, behavioral, and organizational implications.

Today, mobile phones are one of the cultural components of the young and adolescents. Mobile phones emit a kind of beam called electromagnetic field in the air, which consists of electric and magnetic waves. The purpose of this study was therefore to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of a Preventive Behavior Questionnaire of Mobile Phone usage consequences on female students of Baghmalek County.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 female high school students (16 to 18 years old) in Baghmalek metropolitan area. The study included both experimental and control groups through random sampling. The samples were evaluated in three stages using a researcher-made questionnaire. The training was provided in the form of individual counseling with the help of a pamphlet training aid. All stages of the present study were conducted according to ethical standards. Students were assured that the information is confidential. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.

All 48 questions related to the theory of planned behavior questionnaire had very good content validity (0.79 to 0.99). Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient were 0.88 and 0.84, respectively.

The Preventive Behavior Questionnaire for mobile phone usage based on the Theory of Planned Behavior showed very good validity and reliability and can be used in research activities.

Teachers 'educational behavior is one of the most important factors influencing students' teaching and learning process and its continuous evaluation ensures improvement of the quality of teachers' performance and educational activities. This study aimed to design an Instrument for evaluation of teaching quality of teachers based on classroom-made videos. This study is a mixed method research which was conducted to design and validate an Instrument for evaluation of teaching quality of teachers at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences from 2018 to 2019. Participants included teachers, students, and medical education professionals. After reviewing literature and relevant questionnaires and as well as receiving expert opinions, 36 questions were designed in the form of a preliminary questionnaire. In order to determine the content and face validity, the preliminary questionnaire was reviewed and approved in four sessions of group discussion by 14 specialists of medical education, health education and promotion, nursing, midwifery, health information technology and psychiatry.
Initial questions about teaching quality assessment included 36 questions. Finally, 24 questions were presented in four domains including non-verbal communication (9 questions), verbal communication (4 questions), interacting with students (6 questions) and classroom management (5 questions). At the validation stage, all 24 questions had acceptable content validity (0.7 to 1.0). The reliability of the instrument was confirmed by the Kappa coefficient (0/8). The Instrument designed to evaluate the quality of teaching based on film, has acceptable validity and reliability.

Oral health is one of the most important issues affecting public health. Regarding the high prevalence of dental decay and the high cost of treatment and the direct role of students in preventing dental decay, it is necessary for the students to acquire suitable knowledge, attitude and practice about oral health. Regarding lack of studies in this area, the study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude, practice and oral health status of high school students in Yazd.
The cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 male high school students in Yazd city who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data collection tool included two questionnaires; the first was a valid and reliable researcher designed questionnaire which had four part of demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice and the second one was self reported oral health questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software 21 and via description and analytical tests of T-test, ANOVA and correlation coefficient.
Mean score of student's knowledge about oral health was 6.38± 2.07 out of 19, and their mean score of attitude was 40.03± 5.35 in range of 10-50 and mean score of practice was 13.28± 4/09 out of 28. The most reported practice was using toothpaste in brushing and the lowest reported behavior was using antibacterial mouth wash. Mean score of self-reported oral health was 43.05± 5.19 out of 57. There was a significantly positive correlation between knowledge, attitude, practice and self-reported oral health.
Due to insufficient awareness of school children about their oral health as well as lower performance levels , especially in cases such as the use of antibacterial mouthwash and fluoride-containing , brushing after each meal and sweets, providing educational programs in order to increase students knowledge and function about oral health, particularly in the areas above seem to be necessary.

Vaginal delivery is medically recommended over cesarean delivery.Cesarean delivery presents increased risks of death, blood transfusions, and hysterectomy as well as complications after surgery, longer recovery time, and high cost. The aim of this study was to determinethe factors influencing the delivery method choice in pregnant women in Kermanshah city, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 366 pregnant women whoattended community-based medical education classes in Kermanshah during 2013. The researchers randomly selected women to participate in this study. Participants answered a questionnaire and then
were interviewedResearchers analyzed the data using SPSS-21. Of the women who participated in this study, 55.5% preferred vaginal delivery, whereas 45.5% preferred cesarean delivery. There was a significant relationship between a woman’s age, occupation,
education, and income and the type of delivery preferred (P Pregnant women indicated a strong preference (i.e., nearly half) for cesarean delivery despite the possible complications and risks involved with this procedure. As a result, this should be considered when designing educational programs for pregnant women.

A major health problem in young women is eating disorders that have detrimental nutritional and psychological effects. This study determined the prevalence of abnormal eating attitudes and correlated them with subjective norms for fitness among female college students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 231 female college students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; subjects were randomly selected in proportion to size for participation in this study by the faculty of the university. A self-reporting questionnaire comprising sections on demographics, eating attitudes and subjective fitness norms was used to collect data, which was analyzed using SPSS-21. It was found that about 21.6% of participants showed abnormal eating attitudes. These attitudes had significant relationships with the use of laxatives, weight loss dieting, diet pills, and weight (p < 0.05). Eating attitudes also showed a significant relationship with subjective fitness norms (p < 0.05). The prevalence of abnormal eating attitudes is high. It is necessary to educate young women about the negative effects of eating disorders on overall health and fitness using appropriate channels of communication.

Addiction is one of the fundamental problems in society that led to the loss of the national capital and the most disruptive of order and security in society. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of drug use among prisoners. This study was a cross-sectional study among 615 prisoners associated with murder, robbery and dispute in Kermanshah city. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by use of statistical software SPSS-21. 39.4 percent reported a history of drug use before prison. Opium (33.2%) and crystal (27.1%) was the most used drug among prisoners. 9.3 % had a history of injection addiction. Onset age of drug use was 9 -34 years old with 14.36± 4.97. The low age of drug abuse and the prevalence of intravenous drug addiction among offenders can be as a warning for responsible; in this regard, implementation prevention programs to risky behavior and harm reduction among high-risk groups can follow useful results.

Primary prevention is the efficient method to prevent of incidence and increased prevalence of addiction in the society. This study performed with aimed to determine the role of fathers’ behavioral intention and behavior about prevention of children tendency toward addictive drugs. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research community was Yazd fathers in a sample of 180 that were selected in multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire in three parts, seven demographic questions, behavioral intention five items andnine questions in behavior that completed in self-report. Data were analyzed by use SPSS-18 by independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α=0.05. Points higher were acquired in intention structure tendency to behave since next six months and in behavior, talk to children correctly and reasonably and friendly relationships. In intention 64.04 and behavior 68.11 percent of the maximum score that available to acquisition was acquired. Behaviors fathers with bachelor education (p<0.001) and without a history of addiction in friends and family (p=0.004), and intention divorced fathers (p=0.014) were higher. Significant correlation existed between two structures and behavioral intention predicted 17.9 percent the variance of behavior (p<0.001, r=0.423**). According to the prediction behavioral intention about performing preventive behaviors, recommended to develop and implement education programs, items how talk correctly and reasonably and friendly relationships with children to be more attention and education.

Oral health is the most important factor in public health in any society. Dental services emphasize primary preventive dental care services and in the next stages emphasize the secondary and tertiary prevention, health promotion and development of individual’s health. Despite great progress in fight against disease in the world, tooth decay is still the most common disease in the world, such as our country. The aim of this study was determination of knowledge, attitude and practice of fourth and fifth grade students of elementary schools about oral health in Yazd. This study was a cross-sectional research and conducted among 354 male and female students in fourth and fifth grade at elementary school in Yazd who were selected through randomize sampling method. Data were collected via questionnaires consist of demographic, knowledge (score range 0-22), attitude (score range 5-30) and practice (score range 0-8) questions. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-18 with descriptive and analytical tests such as independent T. test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient at α=0.05. The results showed that, average knowledge score 15.59±2.5, 66.4% had good and 33.6% had medium knowledge. Average attitude score was 25.04±3.68. 90.4% had good, 9.3% had medium, and 0.3% had poor attitude. Average practice score was 4.45±1.33. 18.6% had good, 65.5% medium and 5.6% had poor practice. Boy's attitudes were more than girls (p=0.026). knowledge, attitudes and practice about oral health among students were at the medium level and education is emphasized. Because students reported teachers and health educator were most important sources of information, it seems we can achieve satisfying results by education through those channels.

The Retention rates are important factors in methadone maintenance treatment. This study was performed with aims to determine the attitude and subjective norms in Methadone Treatment Maintenance among Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad’s province addict who referred addiction treatment centers. This research was a cross-sectional study that done among men’s addicted who are receiving methadone maintenance therapy referred to addiction treatment centers. Sampling was in systematic proportional method among addiction treatment centers in each of the cities. Questioner by referred to addiction centers selected men’s addicted in randomly. Data were analyzed by SPSS-21. Mean age of participants was 33.58±8.94 with range 16 to 53 years. Among attitude structure’s questions respectively, reduce of harm reduction drugs on health, better communicate with people around and reduce the cost of living, and among subjective norms structure’s questions, family approved and number of friends involved in methadone treatment had achieved the highest score average. It seems, increase in beliefs such as harm reduction, reduce the cost of living and improve relationships and effect of family and friends support can be effective for retention on methadone maintenance therapy among addicts.

Childbirth is considered as a crisis in the life of women because it has physical، social، psychological، cultural and psychological dimensions. Securing، providing، maintaining and improving the health of mothers and children as a vulnerable group is important in society. Therefore، promoting the natural labor at all levels of the health system has been considered as the basic policy. In this descriptive study، the participants were 130 nulliparous women in their third trimester of pregnancy who had referred to health centers of Yazd in 2013. Samples were selected by random sampling and data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire in 4 parts the validity and reliability of which had been confirmed. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 18 and indicators of mean and standard deviation were determined. The relationship between structural and demographic variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney، Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. In this study، the mean age of the women was 24. 36 ± 3. 73 and their mean gestational age was 31. 53 ± 2. 35. The intention of 26. 2% of the participants was cesarean delivery and 73. 8% normal delivery. There was significant difference between intended delivery method and perceived benefits (p=0. 001)، perceived barrier (p=0. 001)، self efficacy (p=0. 001) and perceived susceptibility (p=o. oo2). There was no significant difference between intended delivery method and perceived severity (p=0. 505) and knowledge (p=0. 756). The results showed that HBM can bear on the intention of women. Therefore، there is need for an educational program based on the findings.

Substance abuse among students can lead to several complications and damages in individual and society. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining predictors of behavioral intention substance abuse among students with application of prototype/willingness model. This cross-sectional study was performed among 120 students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Participants were chosen by simple random sampling method and with probability proportional to size. Data were collected through a researcher- made questionnaire in self-report. Data were analyzed by using of Pearson correlation and linear regression tests in SPSS 18. The prevalence of drug abuse experience among students was 6. 7 percent. The structure of attitudes، subjective norms and risk images predicted respectively 47 percent of behavioral intention variance and 11 percent of behavioral willingness variance. According to the prediction ability of subjective norms and risk images which predicted behavioral intention for drug abuse، it is suggested to enhance the negative attitudes toward drug abuse and reduce the persuasive abuse subjective norms in the design of substance abuse prevention programs for youth.

Traffic accidents have the highest mortality rate in Iran and one of the main causes of deaths (63%) in traffic accidents is unused seat belt. There are Strong evidences about the effectiveness of using safety belts in reducing the severity of traffic accidents consequences. Providing theoretical based training programs, is the main focus in health education. In this study, the effectiveness of a health belief model based educational program on using seat belt by drivers has been investigated. In the quasi-experimental study, among health care workers in Ahwaz,153 drivers who owned cars were participated. The participants were divided in two groups, personnel of East Health Center (80 cases) and West Health Center (73 cases). They were randomly selected for intervention and control groups respectively and followed up for two months. After the diagnostic evaluation, educational programs about the use of safety belts were conducted and then post test was done. In both pre- and post test, data were collected via a researcher designed self administered questionnaire based on HBM, which its validity assessed by experts panel and for assessing its reliability Cranach alpha coefficients were calculated in a pilot study. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods using SPSS-17. Background and demographic variables of both groups were similar and it is found that before interventions, two groups have no statistically significant differences in their model constructs scores. But after the training program, scores for health belief model constructs and behavior among intervention group unlike the control group, significantly increased (P< 0.05). A significant relationship between using educational program and the cues to action constructs were observed in both groups. The results indicate promote health belief model and behavior of structures in the use of safety belts after completing the training program is among the intervention group and the requirement to provide training based on health belief model indicate.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in humans and has several chronic complications such as sight, kidney, vascular and nervous disorders all of which effect the patient's quality of life. In this regard, self-efficacy as an important factor is the patients ability to personally control their disease. This study investigates the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life diabetic women. This study is a cross-sectional study on 187 diabetic woman who referred to the Diabetes Research Center of Hamadan. The Simple Sampling method was used in this study and for data collection the quality of life questionnaire summarized by the World Health Organization and perceived self-efficacy questionnaire on disease were used. Data were analyzed by using statistical software SPSS-13. The mean years of suffering from diabetes in the participants was 9.86 with a standard deviation of 6.77 years and the mean quality of life score was 79.92 (total score = 130). There was a statistically significant correlation between occupation, years of suffering from the disease, education, and quality of life (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between self-efficacy and quality of life of patients (p < 0.05). The results of this study Showed a Significant correlation between self-efficacy and quality of life. In this regard, nurses and other health personnel can increasing the confidence of patients in the self-care behavior and consequently improve their quality of life by giving them appropriate training.

Excessive sun exposure in childhood has been associated with the development of skin cancer. The aim of this study was the promotion of sun protection behaviors in 1-8 years old children through mother education based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). One hundred and sixty five mothers with 1-8 years old children referring to Emamshahr health care center of Yazd city participated in this study. The study subjects were randomized to either an intervention (70 subjects) or control (90subjects) group. Data was collected using Persian version of Parental Sun Protection Scale (PSPS), before and two months after performing the educational intervention program and then analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software, descriptive statistics, chi square test, t test and paired t test. Results of this study showed significant differences in mean scores of self efficacy (P
0.001), norms (P
0.001), impediments (P
0.01), and expectancies (P
0.001), in intervention group two months after performing the educational intervention program. Significant increases were also found in behaviors of using the sun protection strategies such as sun screen usage (P
0.001), protective clothing (P
0.01), and sun avoidance (P
0.007) in intervention group. There was no significant difference in mean scores of variables among control group. Discussion & The results of this study showed the applicability of educational intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory to promote sun protection behaviors in children via education of their mothers.

Introduction & Anabolic steroids (AS) abuse is spreading increasingly among professionals and amateur athletes taking part in gym halls. Healths educator's awareness of why athletes and gym users take such substances may help them to develop appropriate intervention. In this regard, perceived behavioral control (PBC) is defined as “a person’s estimate of how easy or difficult it will be for him or her to carry out the behavior”, and Self-efficacy (SE) is defined as “people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce performances that influence events affecting their lives”. Both concepts refer to people's beliefs that they are capable of performing a given behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the role of SE and PBC in predicting AS use among male body builders. In this cross-sectional study, totally three hundred male body builders in Hamadan were randomly selected. The data was gathered using a self-report questionnaire included: demographic characteristics, self-efficacy for not using AS, and PBC for not using AASs. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess association between SE and PBC with AASs use. Based on the results, 24.3% (n=73) of athletes reported that they had used AS and 38% of them reported the history of using AS in the past. Logistic regression model showed SE (OR=0.851 P=0.000) and PBC (OR= 0.711 & P=0.000) that indicate association between low PBC and Low SE to use AS. High self-efficacy for not using AS and high perceived behavioral control have effective potential to protect adolescents against high risk behaviors. Comprehensive preventative health education programs need to emphasize on psychological factors that mediate and predict adolescents’ and youth's health-related behaviors.