فهرست مطالب ناصر علی پور

In this study we examined biology of booh that eat leaft of elm with termed Xanthogaleruca lateola coleoptera, chrgsome lidae and also we studied method of control of that. It is perform in garmsar town ship. For this purpose carry out necessary sampling of several ages in period of this growth. Within condition of laboratory collected/ eaf branch possess category egg and piece. During test nursery dampen leaf is secure of spray of wateron them and put egg in anvcobator with temperature 24+2 and dampen 60+ and during period of light 15 hour, we examine state during period of germinal carry out and size depended to medicine in cludde length of medicine and width of capsule egg and etc. according to the result, width of capsule egy end etc. according to the result, winter sample and pass 15 day after farvardin(first month of the persion solar year) with temperature almost 17 thermometer centigrade appearance and begin lay and produce medicine. Then to end of sharivar(6 th month of the Persian solar year) leave 3 whole bungle. Egg observed form of category 4-1 row and in each row eggs was 1-40 between row. During period was 8 days. This pest had 3 ages on during period last almost 27/2 days Pre prers. Chrusalis and chrysalis state depending on breed of bungle that last 9-11/3 days and time of exist of mature insect last between 25-27/2 days. More of loss was depend to period of medicine this was 1-2 days. But mechanic and biology control method and at least chemical method was using lack zolon and tiodan that yet common control method for this pest.

In order to study the effect of foliar application of iron nanochelate, potassium nano-chelate, zinc nano-chelate and calcium nano-chelate on Alstromeria flower, a completely randomized design with 13 treatments, 3 replicates and each replicate containing 5 plants and a total of 195 pots was conducted. Treatments included iron nano-chelate, potassium nano-chelate, zinc nano-chelate and calcium nano-chelate each with three levels of 10, 20, 40 mg/L and pot without spraying as control. Foliar application was carried out three Times in ten day in same base. Quantitative and qualitative traits of the plant such as fresh and dry weight of flower, anthocyanin of petals, total leaf chlorophyll, iron, potassium, zinc and calcium content of leaves and longevity of flower per plant, one week after the last foliar application that is, when one or two flower were opened on the cluster, was evaluated. The results showed that the treatment of iron nano-chelate 40 mg/L had the greatest effect on the evaluation of traits such as fresh and dry weight of flower, anthocyanin of petals, total chlorophyll of leaves, iron content of leaf and longevity of flower on plant, and treatment with calcium nano-chealte 40 mg/L had the greatest effect on the improvement of calcium content leaf and potassium nanochelate 40 mg/L had the greatest effect on potassium content of leaf and zinc nano-chelate at 40 mg/L improve the attribute on zinc content of leaf. Also, Nano Ch Ca 40ppm treatment with 15.9 days was highest and control treatment with 9.2 days had the lowest flower longevity per plant. The results showed that the most of traits were statistically significant at 1% level and anthocyanin of petals and total chlorophyll of leaves at 5% level. Therefore, according to the results of this study, it can be stated that pretreatment of iron nano-chelate, potassium nanochelate, zinc nano-chelate and calcium nano-chelate improved morphological, physiological, enzyme and longevity of flowers on the plant in Alstroemeria spp . cv. Fuji. 

For study the effect of ethanol and methanol on post harvest quality and vase life of carnation cut flowers( Di a n t h u s c a r y o p h yll u s ), experiment into a completely randomized design with 8 treatments, 3 replicates and each replication with 5 branches of flowers and a total of 120 branches of cluster were done. Treatments included ethanol and methanol with 3 levels 2, 4 and 6 % with, 3% sucros done. 3% sucros and distilled water as control. The evaluated traits included relative fersh weight, dry weight, solution uptake, cell membrane stability index, anthocyanin of petals, total chlorophyll of leaf and vase life of cut flowers. The results showed that the treatment with ethanol 4% with 3% sucrose had the most effect on the evaluation of traits such as relative fresh weight, dry weight, solution uptake, stability index of cell membrane and vase life of cut flowers and treatment with methanol 4% with 3% sucrose had the greatest effect on the improvement of traits such as anthocyanin of petals and total chlorophyll of leaf. The highest vase life was 9.7 days in ethanol 4% with 3% sucrose and lowest in 5.2 days in control treatment. The statistical results showed that the majority of traits had significant difference at 1% level and anthocyanin of petals and total chlorophyll of leaf had significant difference at 5% level. Also, the correlation between all traits was statistically significant at 1% and 5%, respectively. Therefore be argued that post-harvest application of ethanol and methanol improved the vase life and morphological and physiological characteristics of carnation cut flowers compared to control and sucrose treatment.