ندا احمدی

In this work, a lead-free double perovskite solar cell has been investigated and the effect of a periodic array of spherical Au nanoparticles coated with Silica (Au@SiO2) and Titania (Au@TiO2) nanorod has been studied and compared to the effect of bare Au nanoparticles. We propose a p-i-n perovskite solar cell with architecture ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Cs2AgBiBr6/Tio2/Ag. In this study, three-dimensional Finite-difference Time-domain method utilizing FDTD module of Ansys-Lumerical software has been used and the wavelength range is from ultraviolet , 300nm to near-infrared (NIR), 1100 nm. The effect of these nanoparticles on light absorption, electric field intensity, short-circuit current density, generation rate, and current from the simulation device has been investigated. The results show that the effect of Au@TiO2 on the efficiency enhancement of solar cells is higher than other nanoparticles. In addition, the current from the simulation device increases by 17.8%, short-circuit current density is enhanced by 17.85% , and the maximum generation rate grows 100 times . This result is due to the plasmonic near-field of nanoparticles and light scattering from them. Moreover, the place of Au@SiO2 periodic array has been changed and the effect of nanoparticles’ location inside the perovskite layer has been investigated.

Previous researches have investigated the effects of cognitive rehabilitation and neurological treatments on a wide range of disorders, including learning disorders. The review of the studies shows that few studies have done a comparative study of cognitive rehabilitation and neurological treatments on learning disorders in order to choose the best treatment method.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of electrical brain stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation on hand-eye coordination of children with specific learning disorders (dyslexia) aged 7 to 13 years.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with specific learning disorders in districts 7 and 10 of Tehran in 2020. The research samples consisted of 3 subjects, including 2 test groups of 15 people and a control group of 15 people. The data collection tool included hand-eye coordination evaluation test (Fernandes et al, 2013), tdcs device and cognitive rehabilitation program (Maggio, 2019). The instructions for cognitive rehabilitation training consisted of 21 one-hour sessions. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis and spss24.

The findings of the research showed that the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on hand-eye coordination of dyslexic students was more than the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull.

The results of this study can help therapists of learning disorders in choosing better treatment options. Also, the results of this study can provide more effective applications of cognitive therapies to professionals

The current research aimed to explain the relationship between the moral intelligence of managers and the job attachment and social responsibility of teachers in girls' public schools of the first secondary level of education in District 3, Karaj. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of execution method. The statistical population of the research includes all the female teachers of public schools in  District 3, Karaj numbering 410 teachers. The sample size was selected by random sampling in the number of 199 people. The research collection tool included three questionnaires on moral intelligence, social responsibility, and job attachment. The face and content validity of the mentioned questionnaires were examined and confirmed by professors of educational management researchers. Descriptive statistics methods (mean and standard deviation) were used for analysis, and correlation and regression tests were used for inferential statistics.. The reliability of research questionnaires was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the moral intelligence questionnaire equal to 0.940, the social responsibility questionnaire equal to 0.682 and for job attachment questionnaire. Also, the equivalent of 0.862 was calculated using SPSS software. The data obtained from the implementation of the research showed that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between moral intelligence and its components with social responsibility so that the highest correlation between the compassion and forgiveness components of moral intelligence with social responsibility was obtained. Also, there was a positive relationship between managers' moral intelligence and its components with teachers' job attachment. Also, managers' moral intelligence can predict social responsibility and teachers' job attachment. As a result, by increasing the moral intelligence of managers, we can improve the level of social responsibility and job attachment of teachers.

in General anesthesia many group of drugs can be used. Propofol have high metabolic effect. The purpose of this study was to compare blood glucose change during anesthesia by Propofol and Isoflurane in healthy child candidate for dentistry procedure under general anesthesia.
In this prospective Randomized clinical trial study, blood glucose change was survey in 27 healthy children that candidate for dentistry procedure under general anesthesia. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia was done in one group by Propofol and other group by thiopental and Isoflurane. Blood glucose was measure by glucometer before anesthesia, after induction, after operation and before discharge and analysis by T.test, Mann-Whitney test, regression analyses, variance analyse and Tukey in SPSS.
No significant difference was seen in two groups before anesthesia. After induction, blood glucose was increase in two groups but had not significant difference (p=0.11). After finishing the operation blood glucose in propofol group (148.64 mg/dl) was significantly higher than Isoflurane (124.58 mg/dl) (p=0.029). Blood glucose after recovery in two group was decrease but no significant difference was seen between two groups (p=0.651).
General anesthesia with Isoflurane and Propofol can increase blood glucose but in Propofol group increase blood glucose was higher than Isoflurane. So recommend in children that increase blood glucose was dangerous, Propofol was contraindicated

The present study was an attempt to investigate to what extent Iranian EFL teachers practice critical discourse analysis in the English language classroom during their teaching. To reach this aim, a 27-item questionnaire was designed and administered among 120 male and female Iranian English teachers in different language schools in Tehran. Following descriptive statistics through which the mean, standard deviation, and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated,a factor analysis was conducted to assess the construct validity of the designed questionnaire.The results of the statistical analysis clearly demonstrated the validity of the designed questionnaire.Once validated, certain within group comparisons (with respect to the demographic factors of gender, age, and educational degree) were conducted to see how the different demographic subsets of the sample responded to the questionnaire. The study also discusses the implications of such measurement for ELT and points out a number of suggestions for further study.

Musculoskeletal symptoms include more than 20% of all outpatient visits in the US. 22% (46 million people) of US population suffer from an arthritis which is diagnosed by a physician and 19 million of them have significant functional restriction. In Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM), "Vaja e mafasel" means arthralgia (feeling of pain in joints). The cornerstone of treatment in ITM is to remove the cause and in addition to various medications, nutritional and lifestyle instructions play a major role as well. Regarding the high prevalence of arthralgia and resultant disability, we tried to collect the therapeutic strategies from ITM references in this manuscript.
This is a review library study which is prepared using "Tebe Noor library" software from main ITM text books (from 2nd to 4th AH).
As a whole, treatment of arthralgia includes removing the cause and also the humors if present, Temperamental remodeling and Organ reinforcement (the last is to prevent the relapse). In this manuscript we state the treatments in four major groups including: Lifestyle, Nutritional instructions (advices and regimens), Medications (oral and local), Manual operations.
Discussion & One of the most important causes of arthralgia is wrong lifestyle. Therefore prevention could be achieved by correcting the lifestyle. Many of mentioned instructions in this manuscript are alterations in lifestyle and so are easy to follow (just by informing and cultural corrections). Majority of treatments are not difficult or expensive with no side effects; therefore can decrease use of chemical drugs with their obvious more side effects.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system. It's chronic nature, lacking definitive treatment and its onset in a young age can have a devastating effect on the quality of life and self-esteem. This study was designed to assess the efficiency of problem-solving skills on quality of life and self-esteem of patients with MS.
This study was a quasi-experimental study with experimental and control groups. Sampling was first conducted as a public call between members of the MS Society in Tehran and 24patients diagnosed with MS and inclusion criteria from among the applicants, were randomly assigned into experimental (n= 12) and control (n= 12) groups. MS patient's questionnaires of life quality and self-esteem were completed by the subjects before and after treatment. The experimental were exposed to 6 sessions of 2-hours of training problem-solving skills in the group. The data were analyzed using univariate covariance.
The results indicate that there is a significant difference between some subscale of the quality of life, including physical performance, which plays a role in relation to physical and mental state, energy, mental well-being, health threats, health perception, satisfaction From sexual performance, quality of life and self-esteem of experimental and control groups (P The results suggest that problem-solving skills affect the increase in self-esteem and the increase in some subscales of life quality in MS patients. Therefore, using this supportive method can be used as an effective method in order to improve the quality of life and self-esteem caused by MS and enabling them.

The distinction between the concepts of science and technology has made it necessary for economic and scientific policymakers to know the realms of these two areas. The relationship between the science and the technology is changing and also is variable depending on the circumstances, scientific areas, and from one time to another one. The current research aims at studying the growth trend and the scientific and technical strength of USPTO-patents in Nano-electronic.
This is a descriptive-analytical study, which uses scientometrics approaches. The Research material consists of all Nano-electronics patents in the USPTO database. For the purpose of data retrieval, several searches for different spelling forms of Nano-electronic keywords were conducted, and the data was extracted through c-sharp programming.
Findings: The results of the growth trend analysis reveal a considerable increase in the number of Nano-Electronics patents, especially from 2000 onwards. The number of references listed in these patents has also increased significantly since 2002. Based on these findings, the science linkage indicator is considerable compared to other disciplines. On the other hand, the technology dependence on Nano-Electronic patents is twice more than their scientific strength, which demonstrates the interconnection between Nano-Electronic inventions and the previous technologies. The more technical aspects of nan electronics may be due to the applied nature of this field and the amount of associated patents.

This research has studied correlation between mental capital and organizational justice among justice personnel in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Its objective is practical and its method is descriptive – correlative. Statistical society of this research includes 500 personnel from justice of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. 220 personnel have been selected by hierarchically random sampling(based on Cochran's formula). Here, research tool is two-part questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been approved. In this research, some components like mental capital, human capital, structural capital, client capital and components of organizational justice like distribution justice, procedural justice and inter communication justice have been studied. Obtained data was analyzed by t-test, correlation and regression. Research findings in personnel have been higher than (average) mean and there is a significant correlation between organizational justice and mental capital in justice personnel of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, and improvement of personal mental capital leads to growth of their organizational justice. Therefore, one of the ways for increasing organizational justice in personnel is improving their mental capital.

Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in childhood. Some studies have reported the harmful effects of active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke on the development of dental caries. The aim of this study was to compare the caries rate using DMFT and dmft indexes in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke with that in children not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.

In this descriptive study 90 children aged 8‒12 were studied. The children were divided into two equal groups based on being exposed or not being exposed to tobacco smoke. In both groups, dental caries, missed teeth and filled teeth were determined using examination and recorded in questionnaires, followed by calculation of DMFT and dmft indexes for both groups. In addition, the full-mouth plaque index was determined, along with salivary cotinine enzyme levels using ELISA technique. Data were analyzed with independent t-test (α=0.05).

There were no significant differences in dmft index between children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and children not exposed to tobacco smoke (p value = 0.35); in addition, there were no significant differences in DMFT index between the case and control groups (p value = 0.61). There were no significant differences in cotinine salivary levels between the two groups under study (p value = 0.96).

The children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke exhibited susceptibility to dental caries comparable to that in children not exposed to tobacco smoke.

An investigation isundertaken to study the transmission of the electromagnetic waves through inhomogeneous over-dense plasma. The transmission is due to the excitation of the surface modes of plasma or plasmons. The construction of the plasma is in such a way that the charge density of the plasma linearly increases and passes through its critical value and then linearly decreases. The dissipative effects are considered for the plasma. The amplitude of the electromagnetic waves and the reflection coefficient are calculated and then the distribution of the electric field amplitude of the entire structure is obtained and discussed. In this way، itis shown that the considered structure facilitates the anomalous wave transmission through over-dense plasma medium.

Thermal and electric pulp testing vitality is of limited use with children, often resulting in false positive or false negative results. The main limitation of the present pulp testing methods is the evaluation of vitality by stimulating the sensory nerve fibers which is unreliable in cases of trauma. Pulse oximetry is a proven method of measuring vascular health by evaluating oxygen saturation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the thermal and electric tests methods and examining the oxygen saturation of teeth in children.

In this study seventeen children aged between 10 to 12 years with vital maxillary central incisors with no caries, history of trauma to the teeth, orthodontic treatment, restoration and par functional habits, participated. After isolating teeth, for the cold test refrigerant spray 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane, for the warm test gutta-percha and for the electric pulp test the pulp vitality tester (PT-20) was used. The Spo2 of teeth was evaluating with pulse oximetry. Then data reported.

All the teeth gave positive responses to the thermal test. The mean value of electric pulp test for girls was 5.69 and for boys were 5.41. Also the mean value of electric pulp test in the maxillary left central was 5.35 and for maxillary right central were 5.77. The mean value of Spo2 for girls was 92.78 and for boys was 92.19.The mean value of Spo2 in the maxillary left central was 92.12 and in the maxillary right central was 92.88.

Pulse oximetery is a noninvasive, cheap method to detect pulp vitality by evaluating the oxygen saturation which can be useful for evaluating the pulp vitality especially in the case of trauma and pediatric dentistry.

Human resource s as the most important asset of each organization determine how other resources are used and cause organization's achievement. Job satisfaction is an important part of employee's life which affects their physical and mental health, satisfaction with life, their productivity and performance, commitment to work and quality of care they provide. The purpose of this study was to examine job satisfaction among employees of Azna district health network. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted with participation of all workers of Azna district health network. Out of 320 distributed questionnaires 265 valid responses were returned. The data collection tool was a researcher-developed questionnaire that measured eight domains of job satisfaction. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistical tests (X2, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis) The average of overall job satisfaction score was 2.90 on a scale from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied), that indicate a moderate level of job satisfaction. Respondents were least satisfied with fairness of pay and benefits (1.97) and training and career advancement (2.58) as compared with the nature of job (3.73) and work climate (3.58). Gender, martial status and educational level were significant factors in determining job satisfaction. Identifying job satisfaction determinants can help policy makers and human resource managers to develop effective strategies for improving productivity of this valuable resource which matters in achieving health system goals and sustainable development of the country.

Evaluation and storage of serous fluid have a major role in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. We tried to evaluate and compare the quality of smears that have been prepared from refrigerated serous effusions according to preservative material in different days. This prospective, interventional, analytical study was performed on refrigerated serous effusions in the cytopathology deportment of Alzahra Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) during 2007-08. Totally, 20 samples, including 15 for malignant and 5 for benign cases, were selected. The samples were divided into two groups, i.e. a group without any protective material and another with albumin as a protective. Their morphological changes for diagnostic cells were evaluated on days1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. The mean age of the participants was 60.3 ± 11.9 years. The percent of diagnostic cells between first to 6 days in both benign and malignant cases in albumin contained fluid were more than non-protected ones (P < 0.001). As time passed, the number of diagnostic cells decreased in both preserved and non-preserved groups. In fact, until the 3rd day, all specimens had diagnostic cells but on the 15th day, none of them had any diagnostic cells. The morphology of cytological preparation was preserved and interpretable after 6 days. Although we cannot preserve effusions for more than one week in our institution, adding albumin as a protective factor would provide the chance for longer preservation.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common dental disease, with various risk factors involved. It has heavy negative consequences for the child, family and society. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ECC and weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference (HC) anthropometric characteristics. Two hundred 3-5 year-old healthy children attending the primary health care centers of Kazeroun city in Fars Province were recruited. One hundred children with ECC were selected using simple random sampling method; one hundred healthy and caries-free children were placed in the control group. The subjects in the two groups were subjected to the same clinical examinations. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistical tests using SPSS 11.5 software. Of the indexes evaluated, only height and BMI exhibited statistically significant relationships with ECC. The means of height and BMI in the ECC and caries-free groups were 102, 103, 14.7, and 15.3, respectively. Subsequent to early childhood caries, complications such as pain, inflammation, premature loss of deciduous teeth, and speech and masticatory problems result in deleterious effects on child growth and development and quality of life. Therefore, the relationship between dental caries and height and BMI can be justified. Oral hygiene procedures and regular periodic examinations are recommended to prevent dental caries.

Thin layers of ZnS in two different temperature conditions of 25 or 2000C and also with different thicknesses from 100nm to 600nm were prepared by physical vapor deposition. Absorption and also transmission spectra of the films were obtained to determine absorption coefficient, extinction constant and optical band gap of the films. It was found that by decreasing the substrate temperature or decreasing the film's thickness, optical band gap of ZnS films were increased or decreased, respectively. These phenomena can be attributed to the quantum size effect.