فهرست مطالب نرجس اسدی

In recent decades, the Iranian housing rental market has seen a different picture with the increase in land prices and housing rental rates, so the growth rate of rents has been slightly beyond the increase in housing prices. Therefore, the present article examines the effect of land prices on housing rental rates in the provinces of Iran, from 2011-2021. In this study, the spatial econometrics model has been used to investigate the effects of residential land price overflow on rents, which shows the effects of spatial overflow on different geographical areas. Findings from the present study indicate that the price of residential land, human development index, and population density have a significant effect on the rental rate of housing in the provinces of the country, also the price of residential land and human development index in addition to being effective on the rental rate of housing has positive and significant overflow effects among provinces.

Unethical and Destructive leaders can negatively influence their organizations and employees by neglecting ethical and human standards. This negative impact, if continued, could result in the loss of efficiency and performance of employees and organizations. This research was administered with the aim of investigating structural model of the relationship between destructive leadership with emotional exhaustion and job performance.

Research method was correlation and statistical population includes the employees of Zobahan thermal power joint stock company employees in Isfahan city, among them 314 persons were selected using in access sampling. Research instruments include destructive leadership questionnaire, emotional exhaustion questionnaire and job performance. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between destructive leadership and emotional exhaustion (p<0.01), but there is a negative significant relationship between destructive leadership and job performance (p<0.01). Also results revealed that there is a negative significant relationship between emotional exhaustion and job performance (p<0.01). Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that, destructive leadership either has direct and significant relationship or indirect relationship through emotional exhaustion with job performance. Also the results showed that, emotional exhaustion is a partial mediator variable on the relationship between destructive leadership and job performance.

The results of this research showed that destructive leadership can lead to symptoms of emotional exhaustion and, consequently, loss of staff performance

Iran is a country with several tourist places for the foreign tourists. This issue can attract
many tourists as well as it positively can affect the economic growth and income
distribution. Therefore, based on the importance of this point, the present paper tries to
study the tourism relationship and income distribution based on the time series data
(1976-2014) using ARDL model. The results showed that over a short time, arrival of
the foreign tourists is along with the negative and significant effects on the Gini
coefficient. In other words, the arrival of foreign tourists decreased the income
inequality. Also, during the long term, the coefficient of foreign tourists with -0.01
coefficient decreased Gini coefficient. As a result, this index decreased the inequality
during the long term. Based on the results, it is clear that tourism industry decreased the
inequality in Iran whether it happens during long term or short term.

Ever Green sweet violets (Viola spp.) are perennial herbaceous plants that have medicinal properties and they were planted in Europe since ancient times. They are native to East Asia, the Mediterranean and north-eastern parts of Europe.In this research, studying of the species diversity as well as the genetic among some Iranian Viola species was performed. This research was at 2012–2013 and included: samples from young leaves of plants in the field and laboratory works, involves extracting DNA, PCR and electrophoresis etc that was done in the laboratory of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modarres University. A total of 37 genotypes of the two species V.odorata and V. alba were examined. In this study 20 random primers were used for PCR reaction on the template DNAs extracted from leaves, which 18 showed good amplification and polymorphism. Totally, 117 bands ranging from 200 to 1000 bp with 59 polymorphic bands were produced. Cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm were separated genotypes into 4 distinct groups. Based on The genetic similarity coefficient both species have a high genetic similarity (91.2 percent) and both species have very low genetic distance (9.2 percent).In other words alba genotypes as part of the Caspian Sea to the West Caspian Sea are genetically very closely related odorata species. But genotypes alba species from the central part of the Caspian Sea to the East Caspian Sea, quite apart from odorata species and higher genetic similarity Is seen between species at East to the West coast of the Caspian Sea. Words: