نرجس حشمتی فر

Coronavirus is an infectious disease that is faced by the large nursing community today, especially nurses working in the intensive care unit. Along with other job stressors in the nursing profession, the nature of this disease has affected the quality of Work Life (QWL) of nurses. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Benson relaxation on nurses' QWL in caring for Covid 19 patients. This study was a two-group clinical trial. The research units included 62 nurses working in the intensive care units of Vasi Sabzevar Hospital, who were divided into two Benson sedation and control groups by census method and random assignment in 2019. The intervention group performed relaxation exercises twice a week for one month and each time for 20 minutes. Data collection was done through WRQoL-2 quality of work-life questionnaire. The data was analyzed by spss-16 software. The mean score of QWL of all nurses before the intervention in the crisis conditions was 53±4.4 which is at the low quality of life levels. The quality of life of intensive care nurses increased after Benson relaxation compared to the control group (p <0.05). This study showed that Benson relaxation increases the QWL in nurses in the face of Covid-19 patients, so it is suggested that nursing managers while using relaxation techniques, by creating a calm work environment and Low stress conditions provide the active participation of nurses to achieve the goals of the health system.

Palliative care is a useful approach to overcome the symptoms of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This care is not implemented sufficiently or it is only implemented in cancer patients. The current study aimed to analyze the concept of palliative care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The present study was conducted with the Walker and Avant approach in eight steps by searching for studies from reliable databases using the keywords "palliative care", "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "integrated palliative care", "COPD". The inclusion criteria of accurate english articles were between 2000 and 2022. Finally, 9 articles related to the concept were analyzed.

Palliative care is a complex and multidimensional concept in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Due to progressive weakness caused by chronic disease, Ineffective treatment, Inability to take care of oneself, Fear of death And separation from the family, physical, emotional and psychological problems require palliative care for the patients and their families.

The conceptual definition of palliative care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can help healthcare providers to better understand this concept for the well-being of the patient and family through the relief of symptoms, improvement of quality of life and finally death with dignity.

Palliative care is essential in nursing care, due to the increasing number of chronic and incurable patients. Nurses need to acquire special knowledge and abilities to provide quality palliative care. Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses is a questionnaire that evaluates their basic knowledge about palliative care. This study was conducted for cross-cultural adaptation in Persian language and psychometrics of Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses. after translating and assessing the face and content validity of PCQN, 162 eligible nurse were selected by convenience sampling in Mashhad, 2022. In order to prepare the Persian version of the questionnaire, internal consistency,difficulty and discrimination indexes of each item were also calculated according to Item Response Theory (IRT). Data were analyzed by describe, Cronbach's alpha, KUder Richardson formula 20 . The cross‑cultural adaptation ultimately resulted in a total of 20 items from the PCQN‑I. CVR was 0.83 and CVI for each item was 0.87 and S-CVI / Ave was more than 90% in terms of correlation and resolution. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.97 and KR-20 test result of 0.72 reflected the reliability of PCQN-SV. The discrimination indexes of the 20 items, show us that five items are good or very good while eight items are bad to discriminate between good and bad respondents. The Persian version of Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN-PV) can be used as a valid and reliable scale for assessing Palliative care knowledge of nurses.

In the past years, the evaluation of educational program in nursing education has been considered. A variety of evaluation models have been developed in the history of nursing education. Knowing the dimensions of these models guarantees their rational use.

In this review study, the narrative of scientific databases, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and scholar Google search engine from 1960-2022 was investigated by combining the keywords Curriculum evaluation, Educational evaluation, Evaluation models, nursing.

Out of 186 articles related to the purpose, 34 articles were included in the study. During the review, four models: Tyler’s objective model, Stake’s responsive model, Scriven’s goal free model and Stufflebeam’s CIPP model, have been widely used in educational evaluation.

Evaluation models have their strengths and weaknesses. Nursing educators must be flexible. In implementing the model, consider your needs and assessment experiences. By matching the model with the nursing education program, choose the appropriate model.

As research is the building block of education development, the study of research methods is important for improving the quality of research. Among different research methods, content analysis has gained particular significance; however, it has not yet been clearly examined in terms of its features and techniques. To fill this gap, the present article was an attempt to seek experts’ views on this issue.

This study was a non-systematic narrative review article. First, books and searches of previous studies were used in scientific information databases abroad: PubMed, Scopus Web of Science, Science Direct Google scholar, between 1940 and 2022 with the keywords Content, Analysis, Qualitative content analysis, Quantitative content analysis and also used, Keyword content analysis, qualitative method, qualitative content analysis, quantitative content analysis in databases, MagIran, SID, Iranmedex, Irandoc. Then, 21 related articles were identified and reviewed.

Based on the findings of the current study, there are particular techniques for conducting content analysis research distinguishing it from other research methods. Besides, findings of the study revealed that challenges among experts about the content analysis research method is partly due to its history and its evolution over the time and also it is related to the very highly flexible nature of this research method.

Content analysis is an independent scientific research method in which the researcher makes use of qualitative processes to describe and summarize data for making inferences and finding a conceptual framework and finally formulating a theory.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed nurses to many stressful conditions that may affect their quality of life. This study aims to compare the quality of life of nurses working in COVID-19 referral hospitals and other hospitals in Iran.

This descriptive -comparative study was conducted on 122 nurses working in COVID-19 referral hospitals and other hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran in May 2020, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The 36-item short form survey (SF-36) was used to collect information online. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS software, version 16. P<0.05 was statistically significant.

The Mean age of participants in the COVID-19 referral hospital was 32.38±7.158 years and in other hospitals it was 35.08±.6.547 years. Most of nurses (58%) had a moderate quality of life. Marital status (P= 0.008), exposure to COVID-19 (P=0.034) and underlying diseases (P=0.031) had a statistically significant relationship with the quality of life (QoL). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the total score of SF-36.

Due to the prevalence of COVID-19 and its negative effects on the quality of life of nurses, it is recommended to take the necessary measures such as social participation, planning for greater welfare of nurses, and adjusting the working hours in order to improve the QoL of nurses during the pandemic.

In relation to mental health, self-efficacy indicates that a person with high Self-efficacy has the ability to change their negative mental states, in other words, strong self-efficacy beliefs bring peace and can be an appropriate predictor for mental health. Therefore, the current research was conducted to investigate the effect of virtual training of relaxation methods on self-efficacy and mental health of medical students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences during the outbreak of the Covid 19.

The present study is an intervention type that was conducted by random method based on double replacement blocks in 2019 on 26 samples (14 in the intervention and 12 in the control group) from undergraduate students of anesthesiology and operating room. The criteria for entering the study included not suffering from mental disorders and taking psychoactive drugs, as well as willingness to participate in the study. Checklist of demographic characteristics and standard questionnaires of mental health and self-efficacy were completed in both groups before and after the intervention.

The results of the study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between self-efficacy (P-Value >0/05) and mental health (P-Value >0/05) of students in both groups before and after the intervention.

The findings of the present study showed that Benson's relaxation technique had no effect on students' self-efficacy and mental health, so other relaxation methods can be used.

Ovarian dermoid cysts are congenital developmental abnormalities, a dominant somatic cell layer. Dermoid cysts are formed more than the epidermis and skin attachments and are located in abnormal places. In this study, a female was introduced with a dermal ovarian cyst containing three adult teeth. The patient has referred to the Sabzevar Vasei Hospital.

 A 35-year-old woman with nausea, suprapubic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding refered to Vasaie Hospital Sabzevar, according to ultrasound and Diagnosis of left ovarian dermoid cyst, Laparoscopy was performed and the cyst was removed. The removed cysts contained mucous fluid, fatty substances, hair, and three teeth in particular. On abdominal examination, reported pain and tenderness in the left quadrant. Other clinical and rectal examinations was normal and at the cytology tests, the level of plasma hemoglobin and hematocrit was decreased.

According to the reported case, the cysts should be examined for genetic material, or stem cells.

This study was carried out in 2018 to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and hope and anxiety of death in elderly residents of Kahrizak.

This study was a descriptive-Analytical which 220 elderly nursing home residents in 2018 were selected through simple sampling. Information were collected by the religious attitudes questionnaire, Templer Death Anxiety questionnaire and Schneider hope questionnaire. SPSS software and Spearman correlation coefficient and partial correlation were used to analyze the data. 

The mean of religious attitudes, hope and death anxiety in the elderly were respectively (56/19), (15/71) and (9/89). There were direct and significant correlation between religious attitudes and hope (p<0.05, r=0.15) and between religious attitudes and anxiety of death (p<0.05, r= - 0.15) and there were indirect and significant correlation between hope and anxiety of death (p<0.05, r= - 0.43). There was an indirect and significant correlation between death anxiety and religious attitudes by controlling the variable effect of hope (p<0.05, r= - 0.12)

According to the results of the research, we concluded that for decreasing the anxiety in the elderly, encouraging them to participate in religious rituals such as fasting, prayer, mourning … and also increasing the hope to reduce anxiety against the inseparable problems of life is essential.

 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis and health outcomes are among the major human social events of the 21st century. The unknown nature of the disease and the fear of contagion have caused emotional reactions, including the self-consumption of drugs in the elderly. Therefore, this study investigated factors affecting the self-consumption of drugs for COVID-19 prevention in the elderly.

Methods & Materials:

 This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on 342 elderly in Sabzevar City, Iran, in 2020. The research units were selected as clusters from 16 health centers. The necessary data were collected by an online self-medication questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS.

 The Mean±SD age of the study participants was 66.2±5.67 years. The frequency of self-medication to prevent COVID-19 was 190(55.5%); analgesics, vitamins, anti-cold, and antibiotics were the most common drugs used. The major factors associated with self-medication in the COVID-19 pandemic were disease prevention, home quarantine, financial problems, experiencing previous self-medication, and others’ advice. There was a significant relationship between self-medication and education and insurance coverage. No significant relationship was observed between gender, occupation, and marital status, and self-medication.

 Self-Medication in the COVID-19 epidemic is notable as a crisis threatening the elderly’s health. Controlling and monitoring how the drug is used is among the requirements for protection and health promotion in the elderly.

Mental health of nurses working in Covid-19 wards may be at risk due to special conditions of the workplace and patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the mental health of nurses working in Covid-19 hospitals with other hospitals.

This descriptive-comparative study was performed on nurses working in the COVID-19 involved and non-involved wards of Sabzevar, Iran in May 2020. Using available sampling, 122 nurses (60 nurses in the Covid-19 ward and 62 nurses in other wards) enrolled. The online General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was provided to nurses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

The mean total mental health scores of nurses working in Covid-19 and other wards were 62.68 ± 11.71 and 65.84 ± 12.07, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p-value = 0.20)

Mental health in nurses is very low in the epidemic of Covid-19. It is recommended promoting the mental health of nurses, which directly affects the quality of care and improves the health of the community, by appropriate planning such as psychotherapy counseling, holding fun and invigorating programs,‌ awarding incentives in various fields.

 Preoperative anxiety is associated with adverse effects such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, agitation, increased demand for analgesics, and prolonged postoperative hospitalization. This study aimed to investigate the impact of mental imagery on anxiety in patients undergoing hernia repair surgery.

 In this randomized clinical study, after obtaining informed written consent, 56 patients for hernia surgery were randomized into two experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, guided imagery was applied. Data was collected using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS V. 20.

 The average age of participants was 30.8±11.22 years, and 73% of them were male. The average of STAI level in guided imagery group before intervention were 41.42±6.75 and 32.22±9.87, respectively, which decreased to 33.07±4.31 and 28.14±7/86 after intervention. On the other side, the average of STAI level in the control group were 39.71±4.58 and 29.68±8.49, respectively, which increased to 44.60±6.44 and 38.42±7.21 at the end of the study. Statistically, the paired t-test showed a significant difference between the levels of anxiety before and after study in two groups (P<0.001). 

 This study cleared that performing preoperative mental imagery can reduce the STAI level in patients before surgery.

Many patients with cardiovascular disease suffer from some degree of anxiety after admission to the Cardiac Care Unit (CCU). Anxiety adversely affects patients’ recovery. High levels of anxiety increases mortality risk up to three times. This study aimed to determine the effect of pre-operative supportive care plan on anxiety of patients with acute coronary syndrome after admission to CCU. In this clinical trial, 74 patients with acute coronary syndrome, admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit of Vasei hospital of Sabzevar in 2016. Participants were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The control group only received routine nursing care. For the intervention group, besides routine care, the supportive nursing care was delivered on the intellectual, emotional and physical domains. The Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was completed by both groups before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test using the SPSS software version 16. Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed in the anxiety score between the intervention and control groups (P=0.162). After the intervention, the anxiety score in the intervention group was lower than in the control group (P=0.023). According to the results of this study, supportive care plan reduced anxiety in the intervention group compared to the control group. Therefore, supportive care plan is recommended for reducing anxiety in these patients.

Infertility has been the main problem of infertile couples in history. However, infertility is solved with modern methods’ in recent decades. Embryo donation is one of the methods to infertile couples. In this method, sperm and oocyte of legal and religious couples are inoculated in the lab and the fetus is given to other legal and religious couples. However, people and doctors have doubts to agree or disagree with the views of contemporary jurisprudents. Then, the legislature passed the law of donating embryos to infertile couples in 2003. Although at the time, this law was very useful. However, there are shortcomings because of the brief writing of the law. The child's confidentiality to the fetus has not been determined. In this paper, the rights of Shia jurisprudence books and their adaptation to the opinions of the jurisprudents articles regarding the confidentiality of the embryo donation are discussed. Concluding different opinions from medical ethics and jurisprudential comments and laws, confidentiality of the mother’s womb to the child was proved. All provisions of the foster mother also runs. The confidentiality of the father will also be accepted according to several conditions.

Complete duplication of the bladder and urethra is a very rare congenital anomaly which is diagnosed either shortly after birth or during early childhood. These rare malformations are usually seen by other concomitant anomalies, especially in the genital area, large intestine and skeletal system. Complete duplication often occurs in the coronal and sagittal planes and may emerge as complete or incomplete. We present a 6-year-old female patient who was admitted to Vasei Hospital in sabzevar, Iran (in 2015) with a urinary tract infectionin. Because of double urethra in the genital area, more diagnostic tests were conducted due to suspicion of congenital abnormalities of the urinary system. Sonography showed cystic mass on the left adjacent to the bladder. Computer scan with IV contrast showed duplication of the bladder connected to left ureter and the right ureter. To the best of our knowledge, so far, no female case is being reported with complete duplication of the bladder and urethra in Iran. The case of this patient is remarkable and unique both in terms of gender and complete bladder duplication.

Depression is the most common mental disorder in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This disorder has adverse effects on the course of disease and treatment process and is recognized as an independent risk factor for death in hemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relaxing effects of Benson relaxation technique on depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This clinical trial was performed on 65 hemodialysis patients. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=32) and intervention group using Benson relaxation technique (n=33). The intervention group performed Benson relaxation exercises twice a day for 20 minutes over one month. Beck Depression Inventory was completed one month before and one month after the intervention. The control group received usual treatments (IRCT: 2014011115393N2( Overall, 51 patients were male in the present study. The mean age of participants was 48.57±9.18 years in the intervention group and 49.93±8.17 years in the control group. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the studied variables. The mean score of depression in the intervention group decreased from 32.46±9.86 before the intervention to 23.30±9.23 after the intervention; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Also, the mean score of depression in the control group changed from 30.58±9.24 before the intervention to 30.83±9.63 after the intervention. The results of this study showed that Benson relaxation technique is effective in reducing depression in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, by applying this technique, we can take a major step towards improving and preventing patients’ psychological problems.

Due to the development of societies and nursing sciences، complexity of the ethical situations that nurses encounter is increasing. Moral sensitivity is the first component of ethical behavior، but most of the nurses encounter many barriers in acquiring it. This study was an attempt to determine barriers to ethical sensitivity in nurses’ viewpoints in educational hospitals of Sabzevar in 2012. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences، Iran (n = 125). Data were gathered through a questionnaire developed by the researchers containing 30 items in four categories of ethical sensitivity barriers including “managerial”، “environmental”، ”patient related” and “nurse related”. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed = α) 0. 85)، and data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. The most important barriers were “insufficient number of staff” (83. 2%) in the management area، “inappropriate and intensive working shifts” (78. 4%) in the nurse related category، “lack of awareness of nurses’ duties among patients” (84. 8%)، in the patient related category and “overcrowded wards” (76. 8%) in the environmental area. The results of this study emphasize the importance of moral sensitivity barriers in all four areas of management barriers، environmental barriers، and barriers to nurses and patients، and could be of special interest to managers and health planners.

Abstract because of long communication between nurses and patients، nurses have the great opportunity to decrease anxiety level in patients and educate them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate performance of patient’s education in nurses and patients’ view. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was conducted on 110 nurses and 110 hospitalized patients who were being discharged in the summer of 2013 in the three educational hospitals in Sabzevar. Data were collected through a questionnaire for nurses and patients and analyzed using spss software، version of 15، and descriptive tests. Nurses'' performance results showed that patients illustrated the highest level of training in time of admission was the way of using needed equipment (15%)، during the hospitalization was time of drug usage (41%) and in discharge time was follow-up and the next visit the doctor. (30%). Also، Nurses mentioned the further level of education in admission، during hospitalization and discharge time were how to use of the equipment (38%)، different methods of pain relief (66%)، subsequent follow-up and going to the doctor (41%). This study indicated that level of patients education has not been efficient in all of three times in nurses and patients ‘point of view. Therefore، health care managers should take some measure to enhance nurses’ awareness about the importance of patient education.

Many patients with chronic renal failure are fatigue due to disease process and long-term treatment with hemodialysis. Because of very different side effects of medication، using complementary methods seems to be reasonable way to reduce fatigue in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to effect of Benson relaxation on fatigue in hemodialysis patients. The present research is an experimental controlled trial study conducted on 65 hemodialysis patients selected from Vasei Sabzevar Educational hospital in 2013. Patients were selected using convenience sampling method according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and then were divided randomly into two groups (33 patients) in experimental and (32 patients) in control group. The experimental group received Benson relaxation for 15 minute، twice a day during one month. control group received no intervention. Data-collecting instruments included demographic information form and Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) questionnaire were completed before، 2 and 4 weeks after intervention. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS-11/5 and SAS 9. 1 statistical software using descriptive statistics، T test، Chi-square، Mann-Whitney Test and generalized estimation equations. Mean score of fatigue in the experimental group was 6/97± 0/84، 5/25± 1/07and 3/92 ± 1/11 before intervention، after two weeks and four weeks later، respectively. Analysis of the data revealed a significant difference between the mean score of fatigue of before and after intervention in the experimental group (P<0/01). Benson relaxation can be considered as a cost-effective، simple and secure way to decrease the fatigue in the Hemodialysis patients.