نوید شریفی

The utilization of data envelopment analysis models for assessing and ranking organizational performance is on the rise. One of the important challenges of this model is the diminishing of the decision-making unit’s precision when dealing with a multitude of inputs and outputs. Hence, the aim of the present research was to develop a comprehensive performance evaluation model while enhancing the resolution of decision-making units. To this end, a balanced scorecard was used to identify comprehensive indicators. At the same time, for the first time, two objective and subjective approaches based on factor analysis and fuzzy inference system were used simultaneously to reduce indicators and improve the resolution of decision-making units. This study used an explanatory-descriptive method and was conducted as an applied-developmental research. The statistical population for identifying performance evaluation indicators and developing fuzzy inference rules included the experts of higher education institutions of Semnan city. Moreover, twenty-four higher education institutions of Semnan city were selected for model testing. The researcher made two questionnaires for the data collection. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by content and construct validity, respectively. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha value and composite reliability of more than 0.7 respectively. The main accomplishment of the research can be designing a unified model with objective and subjective approaches to improve the resolution of decision units. In this regard, 26 indicators were identified and reduced to 8 structures by factor analysis. Also, the structures were scored by relying on the designed fuzzy inference system. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the resolution of decision-making units when utilizing the proposed model, in contrast to conventional models which are mostly based on objective and subjective methods. As a result, the number of effective units in the proposed model effectively reduced to 10. Additionally, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test and the calculation of the standard deviation of the efficiency scores revealed that the proposed model with an average rating of 48.29 and a dispersion of 0.221 has a lower efficiency rating and a greater dispersion as compered to other models. This finding serves as a confirmation of the enhanced resolution achieved by the proposed model

Today's complex environment confronts organizations with the constant challenge of achieving their goals. The existence of a performance appraisal system to monitor the performance of the organization in achieving goals is inevitable. Organizations in today's competitive environment are successful in putting their performance appraisal on the agenda with high accuracy. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated model to evaluate the performance of decision-making units with appropriate resolution. The research has a descriptive-explanatory aspect in terms of method. In terms of research orientation, it is developmental and has used survey strategies. The statistical population includes university experts in Semnan, 57 of whom were randomly selected. Data collection tool has made two researcher-made questionnaires whose content validity and structure based on experts' opinion and factor analysis and their reliability based on Cronbach's alpha value more than 0.7 have been confirmed. Fuzzy inference rules based on the opinion of five experts University selection was compiled. "Data Envelopment Analysis" was also used to evaluate the performance of the mathematical planning approach. Findings show that the resolution of decision-making units in the proposed model is more appropriate than conventional approaches to integrating indicators.

In this study, the efficiency of radiofrequency/vacuum (RF/V) technology for drying of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) was investigated compared to the hot air convective method. For this purpose, flat-sawn boards with dimensions of 4.8 × 21 × 120 cm, heartwood percentage of 72.9% and average green moisture content of 60% were cut. The boards were dried using three methods (1) an industrial conventional kiln at low temperature (maximum temperature of 50 °C) and (2) normal temperature (maximum temperature of 71.3 °C) according to a 20 step-modified drying schedule and (3) RF/V kiln. RF/V drying was performed in an industrial kiln with a power of 100 kW and a frequency of 50 MHz according to a 6 step-drying schedule with a maximum temperature of 65 °C. Then, final moisture content, moisture gradient, discoloration, wood drying defects and stresses were measured. The results showed that in addition to a significant reduction in the drying time of the boards in the RF/V kiln, the intensity of surface and end-checks in RF/V drying was significantly lower than that in conventional drying. All dried boards were free from internal checks. The maximum twist and cup were 4.8 and 5.4 mm, respectively, and no difference was observed in the efficiency of the three wood drying methods. Unlike conventional dried boards, the boards dried in RF/V kiln showed no casehardening. Moisture gradient in all dried boards was negligible (less than 2%). The discoloration of the boards dried by RF/V was lower compared to other dried boards.

The purpose of this research is to design an integrated model using a balanced scorecard and fuzzy inference system to evaluate the educational performance and ranking of these institutions with a comprehensive view and high accuracy. The research method is a case study. The statistical population includes 66 university experts in Semnan. Based on Cochran's formula and sample volume formula, 57 people were selected as the statistical sample in factor analysis. Two researcher-made questionnaires were used to identify the indicators and determine the scenery structures of the balanced scorecard. Content validity of the questionnaires was calculated based on the CVR validity index in all items more than 0.29 (for 40 experts and more) . The perspective of the balanced scorecard was examined. The AVE index in financial terms is 0.79, customer 0.89, growth and learning 0.83, internal processes 0.80, which indicates the validity of the appropriate structure. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha values ​​of 0.77 and 0.83, respectively. According to the results of "Roshddanesh" institute or score (0.71), "Koomesh" institute with score (0.62) and "Fazilat" institute with score (0.45) had the best educational performance, respectively. Findings of this study can, in addition to improving the accuracy of calculating the score of educational performance, determine the rank of educational performance of higher education institutions by considering the amount of resources used to achieve it.

Axial flow compressors are subject to two distinct aerodynamic instabilities, rotating stall and surge, which can severely limit the compressor performance. These instabilities are disruption of the normal operating condition and can severely lower the compressor performance. One of the famous models of predicting these instabilities is the Moore-Greitzer Model. This theory has been used extensively in stall and surge analysis. In this study a mathematical algorithm is used to convert the system of three simultaneous non-linear third order partial differential equations (PDE) to a system of three simultaneous ordinary differential equations (ODE), and then to solve this system through applying a third order polynomial introduced as the characteristic curve proposed for axial compressors. a control parameter called “B-Greitzer” is also used to predict the performance of the compressor. Results shows that the amplitude of disturbances are periodically increased as B > 0.3, and converges to a constant limit for values of B < 0.3. Moreover, it is observed the domain of stream function and pressure ratio are totally extended as the value of B-Greitzer is increased, and the turns of perturbation cycles are also increased. Finally, it is found that the value of B = 0.26 can be considered as a critical point to prevent the axial compressor from operating in rotating stall and surge modes.

The present study aimed to investigate the situation of conflict in Semnan city. Accordingly, the dispute cases filed at the 11th and 13th mothers' clinics was the basis for the statistical community. There were also interviews with some complaints about the cases of the dispute. Verification of the validity and reliability of the instrument is due to the use of files and the use of police officers from the standard forms of police command in the country. To answer the research questions, descriptive statistics including (frequency, frequency, ...), along with inferential tests, have been used for independent testing (Chi-square). The results show that in Semnan the most conflicts are family disputes, financial differences and driving violations, respectively.

In this study, using volume of fluid method in open source software OpenFOAM, the phenomenon of evaporation in the porous medium was analyzed. At the beginning of the solution, the system consists of a water phase and a porous copper environment. In the next steps of numerical simulation and as a result of partial evaporation of water, the vapor phase appears as the second fluid phase. Water and vapor are assumed to be incompressible and incompatible, and the phenomenon of evaporation occurs unevenly. The interface between phases is modeled by the VOF method and the Lee model has been used to mass transfer between two phases of water and vapor. For surface tension between phases, the continuous surface force (CSF) method was considered. The comparison of simulation results with experimental results showed that the combined solver of porous medium evaporation would well estimate the rate of evaporation at different sections of the channel. In addition, the results of the wall temperature indicate that the channel is divided into two zones of heating and evaporation. In the region of heating, the temperature increases linearly with the channel length to reach saturation temperature. After the point of saturation, the wall temperature first remains constant and eventually forms an oscillatory shape, in which locally there are temperature jumps. The evaporated flow rate also increases at high intensity first, but in the end regions of the porous channel, its growth rate is slow.

People participation, especially young student's participation in voluntary groups of rescue work can be a good way to deliver improved services to victims and injured in accidents at due time.So this paper attempted to identify the factors influencing on attracting and keeping young students in voluntary groups of rescue and determine a framework concerning mutual relations between forementioned factors.This study in terms of aim is an applied research and is a kind of descriptive correlation research.Statistical population included all students volunteers of young organization of Red Crescent of the city of Semnan .For data collection a Delphi technique and researcher's made questionnaire was used.Data was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis.Findings revealed the hidden variable of religiosity has a meaningful and positive impact on social capital and group membership and maintenance accounted 69 and 52 percent respectively.Also social capital has an effect of 87 percent on group satisfaction and goup satisfaction in turn has an effct of 65 percent on volunteer's membership and maintenance

The purpose of the current study is to provide a spatial climate-based model to measure the performance of apple tree via geographical weighted regression model. To this end, cognitive climatic factors were selected on 9-year spans (1996-2005) in line with statistical length of apple tree performance in the stations under study. Thereafter, these factors were entered into geographic information systems in the forms of positioning data layers. Spatial climate-based models were produced with the minimum variance of inflation factor by means of the application of climatic elements with the maximum spatial correlation as independent variables. The optimal model of performance was developed according to the statistical indexes of coefficient of determination, the lowest value of remains, and the lowest percentage of error. The output of the final model indicates that the most important factor in explaining the yield performance of apple tree is the average temperature of December whose role in the North and North West of our country is contrary to South and South East directions and it has a direct relationship with apple performance. Average minimum temperature in March has the second preference in the apple performance whose positioning role is negative in north, west and northeast of the country is direct and in the southern half of the country is opposite. Finally, the local coefficients of total sunshine hours was chosen as the third effective variable. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the model with maximum space explained.

A short glance on the feature of Semnan city demonstrates valuable old textures which all in a short time a go had mobility and were dynamic, happy and alive. Lack of a attention to organizing programs and revival of old textures during the successive years has caused them to lose their pervious efficiency, attractiveness and activity and be considered as problematic and challenging textures in urban cities. In this respect, the present article has been compiled to the aim of developing and prioritization of revitalization strategies of old textures. This is a descriptive - surveying research. Statistical population of the research includes experts and professionals of Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization, Semnan municipality experts and some geography professors. At the first step, the appropriate indices of measuring revitalization components were obtained and at the second step, for identifying the weak and strong points, threat and opportunity, theindices were examined and measured by Student's T test, then the effective strategies of revitalization of the old textures were developed by SWOT and prioritized by FAHP.In this respect and for collecting data, two researchers made questionnaires in the form of Likert scale and paired comparison were used. Professors comments and the use of exploratory factor analysis, confirmed the content and validity of the instrument. The reliability coefficient of the instrument is calculated as 0.856, which is a good amount. For data analysis, a one way t-test, SWOT Tecqniue and analytical hierarchical fuzzy technique were used. The results indicate the three reconsideration strategies including holding workshops and information dissemination to the public and investors regarding investment opportunities, education to the residents of the old tissue regarding the maintenance of their locations and preparing a comprehensive infrastructure map for coordination of service delivery, are the most effective strategies for Revitalization of old semnan city textures.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a virus rarely can involve the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in individuals with underlying endogenous or exogenous immunosuppressant.Case Report: Patient, a 26-year old man with a history of ulcerative colitis was referred with severe abdominal pain, treat-refractory hematochezia and use of simultaneous immunosuppressive drug. Once suspected and investigated, HSV was known to be the cause of the acute episode. Therefore, the patient underwent treatment with acyclovir whereupon in a matter of days his symptoms healed.

Today, HSV is considered as the cause of fulminant attack or resistance of inflamatory bowel diseases to immunomodulator treatment; it can be identified using immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction of tissue samples. Timely antiviral therapy can prevent severe attacks and damage.

Today, tourism plays an important role in all areas of the economicsocial development. This paper studied the impact of tourism on university social capital based on a conceptual model with focuse on religious and cultural tourism as well as its role in social functions of students. This study was a descriptive, cross-correlation method. The statistical population consisted of all students participated in cultural and religious tours of Semnan University in the academic year 1390-1391. A total of 175 subjects were selected as sample using Morgan sample table and were picked by random sampling. For data collection a researcher's made questionnaire was used. Data analysis was done with confirmed factorial analysis. Findings indicate that cultural and religious tourism can have a positive impact on university social capital through its effect on students behavioral pattern, religiosity and gained experience.

Nowadays, social capital plays more important role than other capitals. In absence of Social capital, other capitals will lose their effectiveness and makes it difficult to reach the economic and cultural evelopment. The origin of social capital can be mainly based on social and cultural factors such as festivals. Recognition of this capital and its evaluation as a kind of macro-management in the development of the countries can create a new understanding of social systems and assist managers to better manage systems. So the aim of this study was to examine the role of Eide of Noruz on social capital.This was a descriptive-survey. The study population consisted of all residents of the city of Semnan, of which a total of 386 subjects were selected as sample using a cluster approach. To collect the required data, a researcher's made questionnaire was used. Results indicated a significant difference between some sub-elements of trust including the informal confidence, trust and feel safe in the environment before and during Eide of Noruz. But there was no significant difference in other aspects of this element. Also in terms of the sub-element of the normative dimension, a significant difference in such variables as people's assistance, capacity to accept differences, community mediation, and social support was observed. Finally, in terms of the dimensions of the sub-network, a meaningful difference in horizontal and quality of the network before and during the Eide of Noruz was observed. On the whole noruz has had a positive impact on social capital.

Social security and tourism are two inter-related issues. A sense of security for tourists can lead to satisfaction and future trips to the visited regions. Security and protective services provided to tourists especially Norouz tourists which includes a large number of fellow citizens is the main tasks of the police forces and related institutions. So the aim of this research is to identify the police performance indicators for maintaining Norouz tourist's social security. The statistical population consists of tourists visited the city of Semnan during 1393 Norouz,of which 386 people were selected as sample using simple random sampling method. Information was collected through a researcher made questionnaire. For data analysis dematel fuzzy technique was used. Results indicate the presence of police and the establishments of guide bases were the most influential and the most effective police performance indicator for maintaining social security of Norouz tourists.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model based on 360-degree feedback for the evaluation of academic performance of students admitted without university entrance exam for graduate studies. Statistical population was included 1507 students admitted for graduate studies at Semnan University، in which 306 students were selected by using a stratified random sampling method as the sample. For data collection، a researcher''s made questionnaire for measuring the academic performance in four dimensions was used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. For data analysis in addition to descriptive statistics، inferential statistics like T-student and McNamara tests were utilized. The results showed that students admitted without entrance examination has earned higher points in terms of education، academic ability and continuing education. However، there was no significant difference between the two classes of students in terms of research ability، dissertation grade، employment opportunity and finding a suitable job.

Security is as old as human history and its history goes back to the time that the concept of community emerged. The concept behind security in objective aspect refers to lack of any threats against dominating values of a community, and in its subjective term, refers to security feeling. Security feeling means feeling that one's life, capital, identity and values are secured and protected and one does not worry about his own present and future needs. Piety and social capital are the invisible sources of security feeling enhancement. Religion is a combination of ideas and practices which guides us toward salvation. Social capital also assists individuals and groups in achieving public interests such assecurity and effective performance of governmental bodies. Therefore, dealing with social security is among essential items to facilitate reaching top economic, scientific and technological status in the region by 2025. This research looks into the role of piety in a conceptual framework model. The research method is descriptive- correlative. The statistical population includes students in private universities in Semnan. N=334 selected randomly by stratified sampling method. Data is gathered by a self-designed questionnaire. Validity and reliability estimated to be 0.86 and was approved. In order to review the mutual impact level of the constituent forming variables as well as hidden variables, factor approval analysis and structural equations technique was used in analysis. The results indicate that piety may either directly or indirectly have positive impact on social capital and social security

Drug abuse is among the outstanding social harms that exerts significant effects on the community. Prevention can reduce the related consequences. The present study tries to plan a model for preventing the drug abuse of the students; social capital, piety, and behaviorial paradigms were emphasized in the study.420 of the students studying at Semnan universities were randomly selected to form the statistical sample of the study. Questionnaire was used to collect the required data.The findings demonstrated that social capital and piety exert significant effects on the student's behavioral paradigms to prevent them from drug abuse.

Feeling of social security plays an important role in the country’s planning. While its achievement requires complicated arrangements,its failure is due to different factors. The aim of this research thus was to develop a conceptual model to analyze the role of social capital and religiosity on feeling of social security. Research methodology was descriptive -correlational. Statistical population included all students of non-governmental and non-profit institutions of emnan, of which 334 students were selected as sample. Data was collected through a researcher's made questionnaire whose validity and reliability was established. For determining the effect of variable components on each other confirmatory factor analysis was used and for determining the interplay between components of religiosity (inborn) and feeling of social security (external) correlation coeficents were used. Finally, for designing model, structural equation was utilized. The findings revealed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between social capital and social, financial and political security.

The aim of the present research is to recognize the main and effective factors in achieving excellence in universities and supreme educational institutes to maintain the comprehensive quality management patterns. The method of the article in data collection is descriptive –survey method. The following factors are studied and analyzed in the present paper: individual and group acquiring opportunities, staff share in decision-making and programming, to submit authority to the staff, to encourage the novel ideas and innovative behaviors, reorganization of supply chain of resources and to register the characteristics of staff, regarding the required capabilities of organization as key effective factors in achieving transcendence in universities and supreme educational institutes. Chi-squred test in this research is greater than critical amount and in a significant level is smaller than level of error (0/05).the result of the survey shows that all the factors and variables in this study are affective in achieving the organizational transcendence in universities.(95% level of confidence). The managers of universities and institutions of higher education should consider all of the affective mentioned factors in achieving excellence in universities.

The author of the article considers houzeh (seminary) and university as the masterminds of the society. The unity of houzeh (seminary) and university will result in progress and development of the country. The present paper intends to study the aspects of the mentioned subject. The method of the research is SWOT as one of the major ways in strategic analyzing. The results of the research are preparation strategies to gain unity of houzeh (seminary) and university in four strategic groups of SO, WO, ST and WT. The author of the paper concludes unity of houzeh (seminary) and university as a dynamic and continuous subject that should be analyzed according to the needs and characteristics of community.

Discussion of the importance and necessity of addressing the reduction of traffic accidents in Iran is obvious، because statistics show a terrible figure of 293148 killed and 21800 wounded in eleven months of 1389. Among the factors influencing the occurrence of accidents such as human factors، road، vehicle and weather، the human factor is recognized as the most important one. This study aimed at developing and priotizing strategies for reducing driving behavior abnormalities with the use of the SWOT model. Statistical population comprised all experts and officers of Seman province، of which a total of 285 individuals were selected as sample by using multistage random sampling method. The research method was descriptive survey. The research instrument was Manchester Driving Behavior. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics including t test، chi square، and freedman and Kohen test. After identification of driving abnormalities، SWOT model was used to develop strategies to reduce the driving behavior abnormalities. The results indicated intentional fraud، inadvertent errors، inadvertent violations، and slips are causes for driving accidents.

Programs related to recreation and tourism is considered economic, social and cultural phenomena. Some experts conceive tourism as a driving force for the economic development of countries. In this regard, adopting appropriate solutions to increase feelings of trust and security within tourists visiting a region is crucial in attracting tourists. The present research is descriptive-correlation type and offers a model capturing the relationship between social capital and the tourist boom in the Caspian Sea coastal areas. The statistical population of the research involves all the native inhabitants of the Caspian Sea and the tourists who visited the place, out of whom 229 were randomly selected for the sample. Collecting the data a researcher-made questionnaire was employed. In the data analysis phase, structural equations modeling technique was used for investigating the relationship between social capital and attraction of tourists. Findings confirm the proposed conceptual model depicting that social capital directly affects the attraction of tourists, and has a prominent impact on the subjective and objective security of tourists.

Nowadays human resources are known as the first and the key factor for the development of society. A study of the world evolution indicates that most advanced Societies have invested on social and human capital over the years. On this basis social capital as an intangible asset in economic performance of societies have been the topics of interest to economic and social enthusiasts. Social capital is mainly based on cultural and social factors, identifying it as an investment in macroeconomic management of developing countries and management of organizations can create new knowledge and help managers to manage their firms better. Many economists believe that social capital is the missing link in th backward countries for the solution of economic and social problems. They believe that the rise of social relations based on trust and cooperation will lead to growth and development of the backward countries.This paper presents the concepts and definitions of social capital and its role on economic performance. Finally a theoretical model is presented and the impact of social capital on economic development is discussed and proper recommendations are rendered.

Social capital is one of the effective factors on economic progress and more social welfare. Social capital contains subjects such as norms and trust. Therefore, more crime and villainy indicates that the level of social capital is low in society. This paper investigates the relationship between social capital with indicators of trust, norm and solidarity and crime by survey research method and by using of statistics common tests. Moreover, the quantity of social capital in various categories of theft, drugs and murder criminal has been measured. The research data have been obtained from sample prisoners of Semnan center prison. The results showed that (1) average of social capital between drugs, theft and murder criminals is 59.67, 61.59, and 66 that this measure is less than average of obtainable social capital. Thus, situation of social capital is weak in between criminals. (2) the indirect relationship between number of crimes and social capital was statistically significant. (3) there was not found a significant relationship between type of crime and social capital. This means that low social capital is wide-ranging among all of criminals. (4) indicators which introduce social capital are almost equivalent in crime various categories.