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Laboratory courses have a special importance in developing of medical students' Practical skills. The aim of this study was to comparison of logbook and traditional Laboratory worksheet in teaching and evaluating of Bacteriology courses in accoedance with the educational objectives.

The students were divided into control and experimental groups. The logbook for practical courses in bacteriology was designed according to the lesson plan and course plan. Then, the students of the intervention group were evaluated by completing the logbook. Students' satisfaction and learning at the end of the semester in the two groups were compared using independent t-test.

Bacteriology course scores were no statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups (P = 0.137). Satisfactory level in all areas was high to very high.

According to the analysis of the results of the satisfaction questionnaire, The use of the laboratory log book, causes clarification of educational objectives, classified information, encouraging students to search for scientific materials related to subjects, increasing active learning, and more interaction between students and teacher.

Leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood. It accounts for about one third of children's malignancy. The most common is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is characterized by a majority of immature lymphatic precursors in the blood and bone marrow.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all patients under 16 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric ward of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan between 2008 and 2017 with leukemia were included in the study. Data was obtained from patients' records and analyzed using SPSS software.

Fifty three patients less than 16 years of age were enrolled in this study. Forty six patients (86.8%) had ALL and 7 patients (13.2%) had AML. Twenty nine patients (54.7%) were male and 24 patients (45.3%) were female (45.3%). There was no significant difference in types of leukemia between girls and boys (P = 0.890). Thirty two (%60/3) of patients were under 5 years of age. In children 1-5 years old, Forty eight patients (90.6%) had ALL and 5 patients (4.9%) had AML. There was no significant difference between types of leukemia based on age groups (P = 0.076)
 

The most common type of leukemia in children is ALL, with the most prevalence in boys and younger than 5 years old children.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) integrates the best available evidence from authentic studies with clinical expertise and patients' values, helping pharmacists to have access to the best available evidence to respond to clinical questions. The present study aimed to assess the level of awareness and attitude of pharmacists as the initial step to improve these practices.

The instrument used in this cross-sectional study was a questionnaire of awareness and attitudes towards EBM and its related terms (Abofarha et al., 2014). After localization, the questionnaire was provided to the pharmacists working in the pharmacies of Zanjan province and pharmacy students in the last two years of university, and the results were assessed.

The participation rate was 75%, and 66.8% of subjects were familiar with the concept of EBM. The participants who did not have sufficient knowledge had higher mean age scores in comparison with those who did not (P=0.001). Moreover, 74.1% of students and 60% of graduates in this study showed sufficient knowledge and the difference between the two groups was significant (P= 0.023). In addition, 84.1% of the participants had a positive attitude towards EBM. Students and graduates did not significantly differ in terms of attitude.

As evidenced by the results of this study, pharmacists and pharmacy students in Zanjan province had a good knowledge of EBM terms. Moreover, it was found that participants with more work experience were less knowledgeable in this regard. The majority of them had positive attitudes towards EBM, and it is suggested to include EBM in the pharmacy curriculum to increase students' knowledge in this regard.

It is argued that students have less tendency to communicate in English classes even after several years of attending language courses. The general objective of this research was to find the effective factors for willingness to communicate in English across medical classes.

The participants in this study were 252 medical students from Zanjan University of Medical Sciences who were majoring in one of the fields of dentistry, medicine and pharmacy and were taking the course of English for Specific Purposes. Macintyre’s Willingness to Communicate questionnaire was used to compile the data. After collecting the data using the questionnaire, they were processed in the statistical package. The collected data were then tabulated and analyzed via SPSS (20) and AMOS.

In the structural model, there were significant pathways between self-confidence and motivation and WTC in ESP classes. Motivation had a positive effect on self-confidence. The teacher's immediacy, with its negative impact on shyness, increased the motivation to communicate in the ESP class. On the other hand, the paths of shyness to motivation and self-confidence were negative. All pathways were significant at 0.05.

The findings of this study showed that, as in the previous studies, the tendency to communicate in language classes depends on several variables. Given that communication and speaking are the most important language skills, language learning planning is recommended to consider the importance of this skill. Language teachers should create conditions with low anxiety to encourage learners to speak and communicate. Shyness was another variable during the study that had a negative effect on the WTC. The results of this study also emphasize that highly motivated learners are more likely to participate in classroom activities and communication due to their self-confidence. Also, in this study, the teacher's intervention had a positive effect on reducing anxiety. Thus, it is recommended that teachers play an important role in motivating students to communicate I ESP classes.

  Various factors cause damage to the eyes of dentists, staff and patients during dental procedures. Due to the presence of microbial agents in saliva, it is necessary to pay attention to eye protection. However, according to studies, only 62-52% of dentists use personal protective equipment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of dentists regarding the use of goggles to prevent eye injuries in dentists, office staff and patients.

The present cross-sectional study was designed and performed on 114 general and specialist dentists in Zanjan in 1399. The questions were designed in two areas of knowledge and practice, and after reviewing the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were provided to the participants. Related to statistrial analyzing fo data, Mann-U-Whitney and kolmogoro-smirnov tests were approached.

Frequency of dentist’s knowledge and theire performance were 60.37±28.92 and 40.26±48.93, respectively Statistical analysis showed that despite the high knowledge and practice of specialists in all cases compared to general dentists; there was no significant difference between the two groups in the use of goggles to prevent eye injuries of dentists, office staff, patients (p> 0.05 ).

In general, the knowledge of specialist dentists about the use of protective glasses and their performance is better than general dentists and there is a need for further education in the field of eye injuries and the use of protective glasses.

In the epidemic of COVID-19, intensive care units usually bear a heavy burden due to overcrowding of patients who need hospitalization, which can be due to liver involvement in these patients. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between liver enzymes in COVID-19 patients and the need for hospitalization in the intensive care unit, as well as to investigate its relationship with the length of stay in the intensive care unit.

In this analytical cross-sectional study, 622 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who referred to Firoozgar Hospital were investigated in terms of length of stay, recovery or death and its relationship with abnormal liver enzymes.

The mean level of AST and ALT in people hospitalized in ICU was 49 (95% CI: 43.4-54.6) and 29.2 (95% CI: 24.1-34.2), respectively, and it was 42.5 (95% CI: 36.7-48.3) and 31.2 (95% CI: 25.8-36.6), respectively, in the general ward. The mean level of AST and ALT in patients hospitalized for less than 7 days was 49.4 (95% CI: 43.9-54.8) and 27 (95% CI: 21.6-32.3), respectively, and in patients hospitalized for more than 7 days was 41.6 (95% CI: 35.6-47.5) and 32.2 (95% CI: 37.3-27.1), respectively. None of the abnormal data was significant based on hospital department and length of stay.

The results of this study did not show any significant relationship between the need for admission to ICU and the abnormal levels of liver enzymes. Furthermore, no relationship was found between the length of stay and the severity of liver involvement based on the assessment of abnormal liver enzymes.

Zinc deficiency has been suggested as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Since dealing with zinc deficiency is an easy and inexpensive method, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes and zinc concentration of amniotic fluid and maternal plasma in the second trimester and biomarkers of the first and second trimester.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 pregnant mothers who were candidates for amniocentesis in Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan in 2018 through convenience sampling. Women with normal amniocentesis results were followed up until delivery in terms of adverse pregnancy outcomes (incidence of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, premature delivery, fetal death, and low birth weight) and were divided into two groups with adverse pregnancy outcomes (first group) and without adverse pregnancy outcomes (second group) and were compared in terms of zinc concentration in plasma and amniotic fluid.

The concentration of zinc in the plasma of the mothers of the first group (59.53±15.88 µg/dl) was significantly lower than that of the mothers of the second group (71.44±19.25 µg/dl) (p=0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of zinc in the amniotic fluid of the two study groups. In this study, the best cutoff point to determine people at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was determined to be 60.5 µg/dl.

Based on the results of this study, there seems to be a relationship between low zinc concentration of plasma in pregnant women and adverse outcomes.

Proper management of postoperative pain relieves the patient’s discomfort, reduces the length of hospitalization, reduces hospital costs, and increases patient satisfaction. This study was aimed to determine the efficacy of adding magnesium sulfate to ropivacaine 0.25% in transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block under ultrasound guidance on analgesia after open appendectomy.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 50 patients undergoing an open appendectomy. Transverse abdominis plane block under ultrasound guidance was performed immediately after surgery and before extubation in all patients. Magnesium sulfate (250 mg) and normal saline (0.5 ml) were added to the anesthetic drug ropivacaine 0.25% in the intervention group (RM) and control group (RN) respectively. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Patients were assessed in terms of pain intensity and their need for opioids at PACU (post-anesthesia care unit) in the hours of 6, 12 and 24 after surgery. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.

There were no significant differences in the mean pain score in none of the time periods after surgery as well as the need for opioids in the two groups (P-value> 0.05).

The addition of magnesium sulfate resulted in lower pain scores and less need for opioids. However, it could not have a significant effect on increasing the duration of analgesia. Therefore, more extensive studies are recommended with higher doses or in combination with other drugs.

Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is one of the common problems of midwifery, which its early diagnosis is essential in the process of treatment and prevention of pregnancy adverse outcomes. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Creatinine and human chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) test of cervical mucusdischarge to diagnose PROM in pregnant women.

This prospective study was conducted in 2017-2018 on 150 pregnant women with gestational age of 24 to 37 weeks and suspected to PROM. The subjects were divided into two groups of Rupture Membranes (Pooling and Fern test both of them were positive) and control group (Pooling and Fern test both of them were negative and AFI was normal). Creatinine was measured with Automated Analyzer method (Prestige device) and βHCG with Chemi-luminescence Signal Band method (Abbott device). Cut-off point and diagnostic accuracy were measured for two tests by rock curve. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The highest sensitivity and specificity for creatinine in the diagnosis of PPROM was obtained at cut-off point 0.135 and for βHCG at cut-off point 26.78, with sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity 56.1%, and positive predictive value of 39.75% and negative predictive value of 95.52% and overall accuracy was 64.66% and the agreement rate was 0.33 (P <0.001). For βHCG, the sensitivity 58.3% and specificity 63.2%, and positive predictive value 33.33%, and negative predictive value of 82.75% and overall accuracy was 62% and the agreement rate was 0.171 (P=0.023).

The sensitivity and diagnostic power of Creatinine in preterm women was higher than βHCG. Reasonable price, simplicity, and safety are the advantages of both methods. The diagnostic accuracy obtained in this study was low, but due to the limited studies in preterm patients, the clinical use of these markers cannot be recommended or rejected; therefore, more studies are suggested.

The diagnosis of pneumatization nearby the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is of utmost importance since it may facilitate the spread of pathologies into the joint and complicate TMJ surgery. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pneumatized articular tubercle (PAT) and glenoid fossa (PGF) in panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on panoramic and CBCT images in the archives of a specialized center for maxillofacial radiology in Zanjan, Iran, within 2017-2020. Panoramic and CBCT images of 220 patients were selected.The presence of pneumatization was recorded at the articular eminence and the glenoid fossa. The prevalence of pneumatization was determined by gender, age, location, and laterality. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the chi-square test (p < 0.05).

In panoramic and CBCT images, the prevalence rates of PAT were 7.3% and 19.5%, and the prevalence rates of PGF were obtained at 11.4% and 35%s, respectively. The frequency of PAT and PGF was higher in females and subjects younger than 40 years, as compared to males and older cases. Unilateral cases were higher than bilateral cases for both pneumatizations. The most prevalent type was unilocular in PAT cases and multilocular in PGF cases.

As evidenced by the obtained results, PAT and PGF were relatively common in the study population. Furthermore, PAT and PGF can be examined more accurately on CBCT images, as compared to panoramic radiographs.

 This study aims to investigate niacin sensitivity in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy people and examine the accuracy of niacin skin flush test in diagnosing schizophrenia.

 This diagnostic study was conducted in 2018 in Zanjan, Iran. Three niacin concentrations (0.001 M, 0.01 M, and 0.1 M) was first applied topically to the skin of 36 schizophrenia patients and 33 healthy controls. Flush responses were evaluated at 10 and 15 min after application. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the test were measured for each niacin concentration and evaluation time. 

 At 10 min, the highest test accuracy was reported when 0.001 M niacin solution was used (Sensitivity=94%, specificity=50%, PPV= 51%, and NPV= 94%). At 15 min, the highest test accuracy was observed at 0.01 concentration (Sensitivity=52%, specificity=92%, PPV=79%, and NPV=77%).

 Flush responses to niacin is more impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, niacin can be considered as a biological marker of schizophrenia and can be used for its diagnosis.

Quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients is more important than only being alive. In all types of the cancers because of disease, course of treatment and also complication of treatments, directly and indirectly patients’ QOL will change. So finding a way to improve QOL of cancer patients is one of the priority of our health system. One effective way is improvement of sense of coherence (SOC) which is one of the component of salthogenic medicine. In this research we want to know how much influence SOC has on QOL in cancer patients, in a systematic review.Methods and material: We aimed to do a systematic review so in our literature search strategy, we searched in some databases, such as pubmed, scopus, cochrane, web of science and Embase. Then appropriate studies in title, inclusion and exclusion criteria, were selected and their mark in Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) criteria. 8 studies remained for us for our study. Then we extract the data and synthesis the results.

In this review, in most of the studies there was a strong association between SOC and QOL, but some confounders such as age, stage of cancer,… can increase or decrease the degree of this association. The differences between the kinds of questions in different questionnaires maybe made these differences.

Taken together, there is a moderate correlation between SOC and QOL and some another factors can have effect on both of our variables .SOC can change cross sectional, so, we should do more research to find the factors that can improve the SOC in cancer patients.

one of the most important individual factors that affect the acceptance and effectiveness of mobile learning is readiness. The aim of this study is to assess the Mobile Learning Readiness in dental students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019.

In this descriptive crosssectional study, a total of 355 dental students at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences completed 279 questionnaires. Data were collected using the standard translated version of Mobile Learning Readiness (MLR) questionnaire after determination of its validity and reliability. SPSS software was used for data analysis.

The mean(±standard deviation) score of mobile learning readiness in three dimentions of self-efficacy, optimism, self directed learning were 3.89±0.71, 3.82±0.71 and 3.57±0.81, respectively. Total mean (±standard deviation) score of mobile learning readiness was 3.80±0.65.

The results of this study showed that  Level of Mobie learning readiness was higher than moderate and there is a positive attitude toward mobile learning in dental students. Mobile learning technology is very useful to enhance education of students.

Coronary artery disease is the main cause of death in most societies, which is fatal symbol of acute myocardial infarction. Early diagnosis and treatment of this disease is the greatest impact on survival. But the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction has always been a challenge, particularly in elderly patients due to atypical manifestation. Since a large proportion of deaths is due to unawareness of the symptoms and delay in diagnosis Therefore, this study have been done to determine the clinical manifestation of acute myocardial infarction in elderly and non-elderly patients. In this cross-sectional study of 65 elderly patients and 65 non-elderly patients were studied who had been hospitalized in the coronary care unit Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan after acute myocardial infarction. Checklist includes demographic, anthropometric and clinical symptoms were completed. The data were analyzed using the software SPSS23. In elderly patient, the frequency of atypical chest pain is 39.3% and absence of pain is 14.3%. This results for non-elderly patient is 15.6% and 6.3%, respectively (P-value=0.02). The frequency of atypical pain in elderly women is more than elderly men, significantly (P-value=0.057). The frequency of atypical pain in the diabetic elderly and non-elderly patients is more than non-diabetic patients. The prevalence of atypical pain or absence of chest pain is more in women than in men, the elderly compared to non-elderly and in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetic patients.

Evaluation of satisfaction of students with educational services of universities can show the gap between their expectations and the current state. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the quality gap of educational services from the viewpoint of residency students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018.

This analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 188 residency students selected by census sampling. Data were collected using SERVQUAL, and data analysis was carried out by SPSS version 24 using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. 

In this study, 106 subjects (56%) were female and 82 participants (46%) were male. In terms of age, 122 individuals were below the age of 25 (65%), whereas 66 residency students were above 35 years (35%). According to paired t-test, there was a difference between expectations and perceptions of residency students from the quality of educational services and a negative service gap in five dimensions (P=0.001, t>1.97). In this regard, the highest and lowest gaps were related to the dimensions of reliable (-2.43) and physical dimension and tangible (-2.1), respectively.

From the perspective of residency students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, there was a negative gap between expectations of quality of educational services with the current state.

According to some evidence, psychological factors play an important role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. But there are contradictions about the independent relationship between psychological distress and coronary heart disease. The of this study was to examine the association between mental health and non-fatal coronary heart
disease (CHD). A prospective cohort study was conducted in 5042 people in Amol, Iran. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to measure mental health. The participants were followed up for about seven years based on history and hospital records of coronary heart disease. Data analysis was done applying independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, logistic regression, and survival analysis. The highest rates of mental health problems were seen in women younger than 40 years of age living in urban areas. The prevalence of mental health problems and incidence of CHD were 21.9% and 4.5%, respectively. The hazard ratio for non-fatal CHD was 1.009 (0.709-1.435, CI= 95%, P=0.960). This study showed no significant correlation between mental health and CHD. But, current findings should be interpreted carefully on the basis of social factors and methodological constraints.

Considering the significant importance of academic achievement of medical students in the improvement of society health, this study aimed to evaluate academic motivation and its relationship with academic achievement.
This cross-sectional research was conducted on junior students in fields of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran in 2016. Subjects were selected through convenience sampling and filled Herman’s motivation questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and t-test (P In this research, 85% of the students were within the age range of 24-26. In total, 53.1% of students were male and 46.9% of them were female. In terms of marital status, 85% and 15% of the participants were single and married, respectively. Moreover, 74.1% of the students had a quota and 25.9% had no quota. Furthermore, 52.4% were living in dormitories and 47.6% were residing in other places. After the evaluation of the medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry students, their academic motivation score was 2.83, 2.87, and 2.86, respectively. According to the results, students residing in places other than dormitories had a higher motivation level, compared to those living in dormitories. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between motivation and score of basic science GPA.
Given the fact that only living in dormitories reduced motivation in students, it is recommended that counseling meetings be held to familiarize students with this type of life and facilities in dormitories be improved to increase the motivation of students residing in dormitories.

The formation of dental plaques is one of the underlying causes of denture-related stomatitis. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the concentration of ozonated water on the inhibition of the formation of Candida albicans plaque on the acrylic resin pieces.
In this study, 45 resin acrylic plates were contaminated by Candida albicans suspension, which were randomly divided into nine groups. They were treated with 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 µg/ml of ozonated water, 25 and 12.5 µg/ml of ozonized oil, 100,000 units of nystatin (positive control), distilled water, and olive oil (negative control). Thereafter, the solution obtained from rinsing the pieces was cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and the mean number of the colonies was Mann-Whitney U and kruskal-wallis tests were for statistical analysis.
The mean number of the colonies obtained at the concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 μg/ml of ozonated water was 24, 24.6, 23.6, and 14.4 colonies, respectively. Additionally, the mean number of the colonies obtained at the concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/ml of ozonized oil was 0 and 2 colonies, respectively. There was a significant difference between the solutions cultured in distilled water (146.6) and olive oil (98.8) in terms of the number of colonies (P Appropriate concentrations of ozonated water had an antifungal effect on Candida albicans. Therefore, further clinical studies are recommended to standardize and elaborate the guidelines for using ozone therapy.

Delinquent behavior of adolescents is one of the major concerns of societies, families and social institutions. Therefore, a comprehensive and multi-component analysis of this issue can lead to effective interventions. This study was an effort to find the relationship of personality factors, emotion regulation, antisocial cognition, mental health, and life fields in juvenile delinquency behaviors. Materials and
In this descriptive cross-sectional and correlational study, 394 male high school students in Zanjan, from the second, third and fourth grades were selected using the cluster sampling in the academic year 2015-2016. Data were collected using Neo Personality Questionnaire, Grass & John Emotion Scale, Mental Health Questionnaire, Singer Family Scale, Collaborating with criminal Peers by Pascal Grossmic Self-Control Questionnaire, Scale Otting school satisfaction, Walter’s antitrust cognitive questionnaire, Iranian adolescent risk taking questionnaire and delinquent behavior questionnaire and analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.
The results of the multiple regression showed that delinquent behaviors had a positive and significant relationship with self-control variables (P Delinquent peers, self-control, antisocial cognition, family monitoring, conscientiousness, and neuroticism have independent relationship with juvenile delinquency behaviors.

Due to the numerous side effects of synthetic analgesics, attention has been paid to find new analgesic agents with fewer side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic properties of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil in mice.
In this study, eighty male NMRI mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups including a control group, groups receiving Satureja bachtiarica essential oil at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg and a group that received morphine at a dose of 10 mg/kg. After intraperitoneal injection of morphine and essential oil, pain response was determined using hot plate and tail immersion tests.
In the hot plate test, 100 mg/kg of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil showed significant analgesic effect compared with the control group but, 50 and 25 mg/kg doses of essential oil did not show any significant effect. Intraperitoneal injection of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil at a dose of 100 mg/kg increased resistance to the hot water at 0, 2, 4 and 6 minutes after the beginning of the tail immersion test (P The results of this study showed the analgesic effect of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil on mice.

Background and Objectives Hemodialysis is a major method of treatment for the patients of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It so disposes them to some infections, specially blood born viruses. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of serological markers for HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV and HIV Ab in hemodialysis patients in Zanjan city.
Materials and Methods After 10 ml blood samples were used for detection of markers for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs Ab), antibody to HCV (anti-HCV), HIV antibody by ECL. Data were analyzed by c2, t test and fisher exact test.
Results Positive HBsAg was found in .2.3%, HBs Ab 65.3% and HCV Ab 1.1% of cases. HIV Ab cases were negative in these patients.
Conclusions The prevalence of HBsAg in hemodialysis patients has been re­ported to be lower than in the general population. In this study, the prevalence of HBs Ab compared to other studies in Iran and other countries is not much different. The results show that the prevalence of HCV Ab in hemodialysis patients is the same with the general population and the prevalence of HIV Ab in this study is similar to the result recent studies.

Depression, anxiety and stress prevalence is one the most important problems among dental students. Due to psychiatric side effects among students, this study was conducted to determine the rate of depression, anxiety and stress in dental students of Zanjan University of Medical Science in academic year of 2015-2016.
Material and This study with designing of cross sectional-description was done on 149 dental students. Sampling was done randomly and data were completed by questionnaires. In this research questionnaire DASS21 was used for investigating rate of depression, anxiety and stress and questionnaires DESQ was used for investigating stress source factors. Results were analyzed statistically by independent t-test and ANOVA.
The present study showed that dental students had depression, anxiety and stress rates of 31.5%, 40.3% and 41.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference between depression, anxiety and stress in terms of gender and place of residence (p> 0.05). There was a significant difference between depression and stress level in terms of educational level (p ≤ 0.05). The most important stress source factors from students’ point of view were as follows: In educational field was fear of failing (57%), in clinical field was responsibilities for comprehensive patient care (36.2%), and in outside of university was living far from family (37.5%)
Regarding the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress mentioned and the stressors present, it is recommended that authorities endeavor to decrease these factors and prepare a better educational atmosphere for students.

About 350 million people are hepatitis B virus carriers worldwide. During the convalescent phase of infection, anti-HBc appears in patients’ blood and remains positive until the end of life. During the suppression of immune system by chemotherapy, immune system status to HBV infection will change. Reactivation of HBV followed by chemotherapy regimen is a common event that occurs in 21-35% of HBsAg carrier and has a high mortality rate despite antiviral therapy. Immune suppression followed by chemotherapy leads to reactivation of HBV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HBc among patients with solid tumor and undergoing chemotherapy in zanjan province.
Material and To examine the prevalence of anti-HBc in patients undergoing chemotherapy, 384 blood sample were collected from oncology and chemotherapy ward of Valiasr hospital. Serum samples were provided and isolated anti-HBc ELISA were performed on samples.
In this study, 384 serum samples, with an average age of 36/56 years (204 males and 180 females) were studied. A total of 89 samples (17/23%) were positive for anti-HBc marker.
The results suggest that demographic study of patients with solid tumor for serological marker of anti-HBc to identify past or present infection with the hepatitis B patients before beginning chemotherapy is necessary.

Obesity may lead to various morbidity including liver diseases. The present study was done to determine which obesity indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) have the stronger association with rising levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Material and Of 6143 subjects aged ≥ 10 years of a cohort study in northern Iran, the data of 5052 subjects were analyzed. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses for data of men and women, separately. In multivariate analyses the obesity measures were separately included in model in addition to other potential confounders. A high value of ALT was considered as outcome. The capability of obesity indices to discriminate an elevated level of ALT was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC).
Based on our results, men and women with obesity showed significantly higher values of liver enzymes for all obesity indices. In multivariate analysis, while WHtR showed the strongest association with a high value of ALT in men [Wald=91.44; OR=3.348, 95%CI (2.613-4.289); PWHtR in men and WC in women have more independent association with elevated levels of ALT.