هایده صابری

Children's emotional-behavioral problems are problems that make them helpless and can make them helpless against issues and problems, and in addition to creating many problems for the child, they also create problems for the people around them, teachers and family. Despite conducting numerous studies to reduce children's emotional-behavioral problems, So far, the effectiveness of educational packages Researcher made on the life narratives of mothers on reducing the emotional-behavioral problems of their 6-8 year old children has not been investigated.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effecacy of the life skills training package for mothers in reducing the emotional-behavioral problems of 6-8 year old children.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the present study included all mothers of children aged 6-8 in preschool centers and primary schools (first and second grades) in Khorram Abad and Borujerd cities in the academic year of 2020-2021. In order to select the statistical sample of the research (mothers of children with emotional-behavioral problems), first the parent form of the Achenbach questionnaire was implemented on 100 children aged 6 to 8 years, and a total of 26 mothers were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. To measure children's emotional-behavioral disorders in the present study, the parent form of the Achenbach Questionnaire (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) was used. In this research, the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 60 minutes of life skills training. Also, to analyze the data in this study, the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS-26 software was used.

The findings of this research indicated that the implementation of the life skills training package for mothers has significantly reduced the emotional-behavioral problems of children
(p< 0.01) and the results were sustained after one month of follow-up.

According to the results obtained regarding the effectiveness of the life skills training package in the present study, it is suggested, Counselors and child psychologists should use the contents of this educational package and its assignments to reduce the emotional-behavioral problems of children aged 6-8 to educate the mothers of this group of children.

IntroductionElderly is a process that is genetically visible during the life of living things and decreases in the organism over time, which reduces the activities of the organs of the body. Although it is not an aging disease and most of the elderly can be seen in other age groups, the elderly process is facilitating physical diseases, including cancer. The formation of tumors becomes. These cells grow very rapidly and usually cause severe pain by pressing on healthy tissues and nerve fibers, blocking fluid flow in the body, and disrupting the activity of the organs. MethodThe present semi-experimental research design was used with a pre-test-then-test with the control group. The research community is all the 60 to 75-year-olds residing in Tehran in 2021 who have been diagnosed with Stage 1 and Stage 2 cancer, of which 30 elderly women were referred to medical centers for treatment. The semi-trial design was used to determine the effectiveness of the emotion therapy. The pre-test was first implemented and then accidentally performed in one of the two experimental groups of excitement treatment, and the control group received no training and was implemented at the end of the post-test training. Research Criteria: Over 60 years old, getting a cancer diagnosis, mental consciousness, lack of participation in another therapeutic program, wanting to cooperate, elderly with cancer, tendency to attend intervention, and exit criterion unwilling to participate in intervention. The selected sample was accessible through random selection into two groups of tests and certificates. The emotion-based treatment package was developed and presented in the format of 10 sessions, each 90 minutes long, and content validity was used to validate it. The research tool was the questionnaire on psychological adaptation to cancer by Watson et al. (1988). Coronbach's alpha was used for data analysis using conventional descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measurement variance analysis). ResultsThe results of the study showed that the emotional intervention package was able to significantly increase mental compatibility with cancer. In addition, the excitement intervention package was followed up after the post-test execution, and the results showed that there was no tangible post-test change after two months (p < 0.001). DiscussionTherefore, excitement-based treatment with recovery experiences and changing the meaningful meanings of any experience has a corrective training for stabilized emotional strategies that enhance the use of efficient and positive strategies and better adaptation to the disease by breaking the inefficient strategy and better adaptation to the disease. Since this study was conducted on older women with cancer in Tehran, it is recommended that other cultural and gender groups be aware of the generalization of the results.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training on psychological well-being and response inhibition of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical research population of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were referred to the Rastin Clinic in the 3rd district of Tehran in 1400, 30 people were selected through available sampling based on the entry criteria in the first step and then randomly in the second step. A group of 15 people, including the experimental and control groups, were replaced by ten sessions of parent-child interaction training. The sessions were weekly and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Research tools were parent-child interaction protocol, psychological well-being questionnaire (Reif, 2002), and color-word test (Stroop, 1935).

The research findings showed that parent-child interaction training significantly increases the psychological well-being of mothers with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and children's response inhibition (P<0.001).

The present study emphasizes the importance of parent-child interaction training in increasing the psychological well-being of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and providing new horizons in clinical interventions. Therefore, parent-child interaction training can be used  to create a positive and appropriate change in the mothers of children with attention deficit hyp eractivity disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion training and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on the cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with autism.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group and a follow-up phase and the statistical population included mothers of children with autism in Dost Autism Institute in Tehran in 2019. 45 people from this community were selected as a sample group using voluntary and non-probability sampling methods and replaced by simple random in three groups of 15 people which included two experimental groups and one control group. The first group of the experiment received eight sessions of self-compassion training and the second group of the experiment received eight sessions of acceptance and commitment training. The duration of the sessions for both groups was 45 minutes weekly, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The research tools were the cognitive flexibility questionnaire, acceptance and commitment protocol, and self-compassion protocol. The data were analyzed using the method of multivariate analysis of covariance and repeated measurement.

The results showed that self-compassion training and therapy based on acceptance and commitment were effective on the cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with autism. Therefore, teaching self-compassion and treatment based on acceptance and commitment can have useful results in improving the mental health of these mothers.

Autism disorder, in addition to taking the child out of its natural development path, also affects the family system, especially the parents. Clinically, it has been found that this group of parents often maintain beliefs that may affect parent-child interactions and even children's prognosis, so one of the variables of interest in parents of children with autism is having savoring beliefs. There is a research gap regarding the effectiveness of the integrated package of mentalization and positivity on savoring beliefs in parents of children with autism.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of training based on mentalization and positive thinking on the savoring beliefs of parents with children with autism.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all parents with children with autism in the autism association and autism schools in Tehran, Karaj, Shahriar and Hashtgerd cities in 2022. Using the available sampling method, the statistical sample of the research included 32 parents of children with autism and they were randomly divided into two groups of 16 people, experimental and control. To collect information, the Savoring Belief Inventory (SBI) (Bryant, 2003) was used, and the educational package based on mentalization and positive thinking (made by the researcher) was held for the experimental group in 12 sessions of 120 minutes. Data analysis was also done with the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements using SPSS-25 software.

The results of the present study showed that training based on mentalization and positive thinking has increased the average total score and components of savoring beliefs of parents with children with autism in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.001). Also, the process of changes caused by the aforementioned training on the total score and the components of savoring beliefs (experimental group) remained unchanged after three months of completing the training course (P<0.001).

According to the findings, it seems that mentalization and positive thinking trainings in the current research, with the growth of the capacity to reflect on mental states, provide the necessary platform for the development of savoring beliefs and its components, in other words, enjoying the awareness of positive experiences and strengthening the feelings arising from It provides positive experiences.

Background &

Gender identity is a fundamental factor in human life, which accompanies him from the beginning to the end of his life, and represents a person's stable emotional and cognitive experience of his gender and objective manifestations of a specific gender. In Iran, the number of people suffering from sexual boredom is estimated to be approximately 150 thousand people. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition, gender identity disorder is diagnosed based on the fact that a person continuously and intensely assumes the opposite gender identity for himself; An identity that does not belong to another gender simply because of the desire to benefit from cultural privileges. Restlessness, dissatisfaction, confusion, or gender boredom is a situation in which a person experiences a lot of confusion and anxiety due to the inconsistency between the gender assigned to him at birth and his gender identity. Therefore, dissatisfaction with one's gender makes the family and society always expect them to accept the roles appropriate to their biological sex and blame them for having movements and behaviors similar to the opposite sex. They put pressure and this causes these people to withdraw and reduce their self-esteem. Most of the people suffering from sexual boredom have a lot of interpersonal conflicts and they form one of the most victimized minorities, and they are not being accepted by their family and society and their isolation has consequences such as suicidal thoughts in them. Therefore, one of the most important problems of these people can be suicidal ideation. Emotion regulation is related to constructs such as self-compassion. Self-compassion is the extent of kindness and compassion towards oneself or deep awareness and empathy towards the suffering of others. Also, research background has shown that dissatisfaction with gender identity affects self-concept and identity in patients with gender boredom. This means dissatisfaction with their gender identity can make people with gender dysphoria show less self-compassion towards themselves. On the other hand, the special conditions in which these people are located increase the risk of creating problems related to mental health for them, and in the meantime, the perceived social support protects them. Since there is little research on the predictive role of emotion regulation, self-compassion, and perceived social support on suicidal ideation of people suffering from sexual boredom, to solve this research gap, the question of whether ideation has been answered. Can suicide processing be predicted based on emotion regulation, self-compassion, and perceived social support in people suffering from sexual boredom?

The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research was all the people suffering from sexual boredom in Tehran in 2019-1400, approximately 150,000 people. The sample size of 300 of these people were selected based on Klein's (2016) point of view and the available non-random sampling method (online method) and according to Beck et al.'s suicidal ideation scale (1979), Gross's emotion regulation questionnaire and John (2003), Neff's (2003) self-kindness or self-compassion scale, and Zimmet et al.'s (1988) Multidimensional Social Support Scale answered. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between emotion regulation, self-compassion, and perceived social support with suicidal ideation (P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 54.8% of the variance of suicidal ideation is explained by emotion regulation, self-compassion, and perceived social support.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the prediction of suicidal ideation based on emotion regulation, self-compassion, and perceived social support in people suffering from sexual boredom. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression (as emotion regulation strategies) can predict suicidal ideation. Emotional suppression can make a person weak against suicidal thoughts and prone to suicide. In this way, when a person evaluates a negative event in his mind with negative strategies such as emotional suppression, he looks at this event with a more negative view and considers its possible short and long-term positive aspects less. As a result, he experiences more depression and despair, so he is more prone to suicidal ideation. People suffering from sexual boredom in Iran are under more pressure from society due to religious, social, and cultural restrictions and they experience high psychological and social pressure that these cases make them prone to suicide. Therefore, sexually bored people who tend to experience their negative emotions uncontrollably from society, the possibility of using the strategy of emotional suppression increases in them, and most of them lack the necessary skills to manage and regulate negative emotional experiences They are inconsistent and have more suicidal thoughts. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that emotion regulation strategies can predict suicidal ideation. To make the results more generalizable, it is suggested that students and researchers repeat such studies in other cities to provide evidence of the obtained relationships. It is suggested that the model of the present study, i.e. suicide ideation based on the regulation of emotions and compassion in people suffering from gender boredom, should be investigated and compared by gender, i.e. in men and women. The use of longitudinal studies and other research methods (a combination of qualitative and quantitative) can be more beneficial for this study. In this way, it is suggested to use a qualitative study (studies of lived experience and descriptive phenomenology) to examine the factors affecting suicidal ideation in people suffering from gender boredom. The achievements and consequences of this research can be presented at two theoretical and practical levels. At the theoretical level, the research findings can help to expand the existing knowledge, concepts, and models in the field of suicidal ideation, especially in people suffering from gender boredom, by explaining how the variables of emotion regulation and self-compassion influence. Also, the results of the present research can pave the way for more recent research to expand emotional and psychological knowledge in the field of factors influencing the formation of suicidal ideation in these people.

It is important to identify the causes of risky behaviors in adolescents, which may occur for different reasons. The research aimed to predict risky behaviors in adolescents based on anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal trust with the mediation of self-acceptance.Research The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents aged 14 to 18 years in Tehran in the academic year of 2017-2018, from which 500 people were selected by convenience sampling from schools. The study tools included the Risky Behaviors Questionnaire by Mohammadkhani; Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire by Chamberlain & Haaga, Anxiety Sensitivity Index by Reiss et al., and Mental Toughness Questionnaire by Clough et al. (2002). For data analysis, structural equation modeling was used. The path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and risky behaviors with the mediation of conditional acceptance (β=.074) and the path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and risky behaviors with the mediation of unconditional acceptance (β=.087) was positive and significant. The path coefficient between interpersonal trust and risky behaviors with the mediation of conditional acceptance (β=-.034) and the path coefficient between interpersonal trust and risky behaviors with the mediation of unconditional acceptance (β=-.054) was negative and significant. The results of the present study showed that self-acceptance mediates the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal trust with risky behaviors in adolescents. It is suggested to reduce the occurrence of risky behaviors by giving value to adolescents and creating reliable links for them. It is also suggested to pay attention to the level of anxiety sensitivity of adolescents with high-risk behavior in counseling and psychotherapy.

One of the important variables in relation to parents with autistic children is savoring beliefs. savoring beliefs are considered as components of mental health and have a direct correlation and relationship with psychological well-being. Researches show that parents of autistic children are exposed to all kinds of physical and mental injuries, for this reason, identifying, growing and expanding favorable beliefs to prevent injuries and improve mental health in this group of parents seems necessary. In Iran, so far, no valid tool has been reported to measure savoring beliefs in parents of children with autism.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factor structure of the savoring beliefs questionnaire among parents of children with autism.

The method of the present research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population of the research included all parents with autistic children in schools and autism associations in the cities of Tehran, Karaj, Shahriar and Hashtgerd in 2022. The sampling method was accessible of targeted type and the statistical sample of the research included 321 people (248 women and 73 men) from parents of children with autism. To collect information, the questionnaire of savoring beliefs (Bryant, 2003) and psychological well-being (Ryff, 1980) were used. Data analysis was also done with confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient using SPSS25 and AMOS24 software.

The results of the present study showed that each of the items in the questionnaire has the necessary power to measure the components of savoring beliefs (anticipation, enjoying the moment and remembering) and each of the components has an acceptable power to measure the general factor of savoring beliefs. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the three components of prediction, enjoyment of the moment and recall in the savoring beliefs questionnaire were calculated as 0.89, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. Based on this, it can be said that the items of each of the components of the savoring beliefs questionnaire have an acceptable internal consistency.

According to the findings, it seems that the Iranian version of the savoring beliefs questionnaire is a valid scale for measuring attitudes regarding the ability to enjoy positive experiences, whether in anticipation, enjoyment of the moment, or recall. Also, this questionnaire has suitable psychometric properties for use in research activities and clinical work.

The purpose of this research is to predict existential anxiety based on meta-cognitive strategies and mindfulness. This research was conducted among the middle-aged employees of Bank Mellat branch in Tehran. The research method is correlation type. The statistical population of the present study is 429 middle-aged employees (40 to 65 years old) of branches of Mellat Bank of Tehran in 1400, and the sample size was calculated to be 205 people based on the recommendation of Hewitt and Kramer, at least 40 people for each variable in the correlational research. The statistical sample was made by multi-stage random sampling method. For this purpose, first, 10 branches were selected from among all Bank Mellat branches in one area of Tehran. In this research, tools of existential anxiety (Good and Good, 1974), meta-cognitive strategies (Wells, 1997) and mindfulness (Baer et al., 2006) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In line with research hypotheses, linear regression method was used. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between existential anxiety and meta-cognitive strategies. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between existential anxiety and mindfulness.

This study is aimed at developing an education program based on parent-child interactions and examining its impact on psychological wellbeing and parental self-efficacy of mothers of children with ADHD.

This study was a mixed study, in which Grounded theory was used in the qualitative section and the experimental method was used in the quantitative section. Purposive sampling was used in the quantitative section and convenience sampling was used in the qualitative section. Ten sessions aimed at 1. introducing the program, 2. meditation, 3. recognizing the disorder, 4. stimulus control, 5. empathy skill, 6. dealing with environmental modifications, 7. increasing attention, 8. social support, 9. response inhibition and 10.

review were respectively recognized based on the results obtained from the interviews conducted in the qualitative section. These were then carried out for the experimental group in the qualitative section. Participants answered to the parental self-efficacy scale questionnaires (Domka et al., 1996) and psychological well-being (Ryff, 2002) in the quantitative study using pre-post tests and follow-up.
Discussion and

Findings obtained from within-subjects between-subjects design variance test revealed that family-centered therapy was effective in increasing psychological well-being (P<0.001) and parental self-efficacy scores (P<0.001) in post-test. The increase has maintained its stability in the follow-up stage. In addition, results showed that the education program developed in the current study has good validity and can be applied to psychological well-being and parental self-efficacy of mothers of children with ADHD.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and death anxiety in the elderly with cancer. The design of the present study was mixed, which in the qualitative part was by narrative research method and in the quantitative part was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elderly women with cancer in Tehran in 1401-1400, from which 30 people were selected as the research sample by available sampling method. The package was compiled and presented in the form of 10 90-minute sessions, and content validation was used to validate it. The research instruments were death anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires and the analysis method was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The results of the research in the qualitative part showed that the four main categories of supportive challenges, physical and physiological challenges, spiritual challenges and emotional challenges were extracted with nine central categories. Then, based on the obtained categories and library studies, an emotion-based intervention package for the elderly with cancer was developed and its validity was approved by emotion-based treatment specialists. The results showed that the emotion-oriented intervention package could significantly reduce death anxiety and negative emotion regulation and increase positive emotion regulation. In addition, the emotion-oriented intervention package was followed up after the post-test, and the results showed that there was no significant change in the post-test after two months. It can be concluded that the emotion-based intervention package is effective on death anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation in elderly women with cancer.

 Nurses should be able to make accurate and appropriate clinical judgments about the health status of patients by combining their technical skills and professional knowledge. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style in clinical decision-making with the mediation of self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence in the nursing staff of Rasht hospitals.

 This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the structural equation model with the participation of 364 nurses of Intensive care units in Rasht hospitals. The sampling method was random cluster sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires including nurses' clinical decision making, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy in clinical practice, critical thinking style, and self-confidence. The structural equation modeling method used for data analysis by AMOS-22 software.

 Findings were the total path coefficient (sum of direct and indirect path coefficients) between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.442), between critical thinking style and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.335), between self-efficacy beliefs and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.325), between self-confidence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.243) and the indirect effect between emotional intelligence (P<0.001, β=0.154), and critical thinking style (P<0.001, β=0.188) on the pattern of positive clinical decision-making and It was meaningful. Emotional intelligence, critical thinking, self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence explain a total of 59% of the variance of the decision-making pattern in nurses.

 The study showed that self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making among Rasht hospitals' nursing staff. Self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence increased the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making.

The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the creativity training program for preschool children. The research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. The community included specialized texts in the field of creativity education in Farsi and English in the last 10 years (1400-1390 and 2011-2021) and were also experts in the field of creativity. Out of 100 extracted articles, 50 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. 7 experts (until saturation) were selected and interviewed in a targeted way. Open and axial coding was used for data analysis. Experts were used to validate the proposed training program. A total of 520 basic codes were extracted from articles and interviews. Then these codes are included in higher level codes such as: children's participation in designing and changing the space and layout of the classroom, interacting with other children, presenting children's skills with the help of expression techniques, performing arts, music-based skills training, creative performances, photography, poetry reading, skills Physical-motor, the role of peers in the exchange of information in order to solve the problem and other cases were classified. Based on the identified codes, a creativity training program was developed for preschool children. The creativity training program can encourage preschool children to stimulate the world and the interrelationship of its constituent elements with flexibility, imagination and problem solving skills.

Academic procrastination causes a drop in academic performance, and should be look for ways to reduce it. As a result, this study was conducted with the aim of presenting the academic procrastination model based on self-directed learning strategies and parenting styles with the mediating role of academic self-efficacy.

The research design was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The statistical population of the present study was all secondary school students of Tehran city in the academic years of 2022-23, which out of 23552 students number of 400 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this research were used the tools of academic procrastination (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984), self-directed learning strategies (Pintrich and De Groot, 1990), parenting styles (Baumrind, 1991) and academic self-efficacy (Jinks and Morgan, 1999). In order to analyze the data were used correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V8.8 software.

The findings showed that the academic procrastination model based on self-directed learning strategies and parenting styles with the mediating role of academic self-efficacy had a good fit. Also, self-directed learning strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) on academic procrastination and self-efficacy directly and indirectly through academic self-efficacy on academic procrastination had a significant effect (P<0.05). In addition, parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian and permissive) on academic procrastination and self-efficacy directly and indirectly through academic self-efficacy on academic procrastination had a significant effect (P<0.05).

According to the results, it can be stated that a person has more self-directed learning strategies, authoritative parenting style and academic self-efficacy and less permissive and authoritarian parenting styles, the amount of academic procrastination will decrease.

Children's emotional and social problems are associated with the main indicators of delinquency in adolescents, violence in adults and anxiety disorders.

This study aimed to investigate the role of parental stress and perceived social support in predicting children's psychosocial problems. The present study was based on the purpose of the applied type and based on the data collection method was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population in this study included all parents (including children) referring to health centers in Pardis in 1399 who have children under 5 years old, from which 230 people were selected by available sampling method. Measurement tools included Parental Stress Questionnaire (Abdin, 1990), Social Support Questionnaire (Zimet et al., 1988) and Rutter et al. (1975). For data analysis, multiple regression was used simultaneously with SPSS software version 25.

The results showed that the components of parental stress and social support had a significant role in predicting children's psychosocial problems; So that 44.7% and 8.9% of the variance of children's psychosocial problems were explained by parental stress and social support, respectively.

Therefore, the results of this study can be used to design care programs for families with children with emotional and social problems.

In the present study, we investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between anxiety and body image of women with voluntary mastectomy breast cancer.

The research method is correlation of structural equations. The sample consisted of 350 participants with voluntary mastectomy breast cancer from two hospitals, Imam Khomeini (RA) and Imam Hossein (AS), who were selected by available sampling method. The instruments used in the research are Beck Anxiety Questionnaire, Hormoz et al. (2008) Body Image Questionnaire and Dennis and Vander Wall (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire.

The results showed that the direct effect of anxiety with beta standard coefficient on cognitive flexibility (Beta = -0.789) and on body image (Beta = 0.562) negatively at a level less than one The thousandth (P <0.001) is significant. Also, the direct effect of cognitive flexibility on body image (Beta = 0.211) is positively significant at the level of less than 0.05. In addition, the magnitude of the indirect effect of anxiety on the body image of patients with a standard coefficient of -0.17 is significant at the level of less than 0.05.

Patients who use more cognitive flexibility experience less anxiety and negative body image, and conversely, those who use less cognitive flexibility experience more anxiety and negative body image.

The combination of mindfulness, parental self-efficacy and extra-parenting has a significant role in reducing parental stress, especially mothers, and parental stress management is important to promote well-being.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of parental mindfulness and self-efficacy in explaining the causal relationship between extravagance and parental stress in mothers of children with autism. Correlational research design based on structural equation modeling and statistical population including all mothers with children 2 to 14 years old with autism referred to medical clinics in Tehran in 1400 that 250 people were selected by purposive sampling and Abidin parenting stress questionnaires. (1995) answered the Mindfulness Questionnaire (Brown and Ryan, 2003), the Trans parenting Questionnaire (Hawke and Holden, 2006) and the Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Dumka et al., 1996). Data analysis was performed using AMOS software version 24.

The results showed that the total path coefficient between extravagance and parental stress (p<0.01, β=-0.456) was negative and the path coefficient between mindfulness and parental stress (p <0.01, β=-0.474).) and parental self-efficacy and parental stress (p<0.01, β= -0.386) were negative and at the level of 0.01 were significant that parental self-efficacy and mindfulness were negatively related to the relationship between extra-parenting and parenting stress and mediated meaningfully.

Trans parenting directly and parental mindfulness and self-efficacy directly and indirectly predict parental stress in mothers of children with autism. In order to provide interventions to reduce or prevent high levels of parental stress in families, it is necessary to pay special attention to interventions based on mindfulness, self-efficacy and extravagance in parent-child relationships.

It is necessary to identify psychological treatment effective in improving the quality of life of mothers with autistic children, so the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the quality of life and cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with autism.

The current research was a semi-experimental experiment with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of mothers of children with autism from Dost Autism Institute in Tehran in 2019, and the research sample was 30 mothers of this institution, who were selected through voluntary and non-probability sampling based on the entry criteria in the first step, and then as They were randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people, which included the experimental and control groups. Then they received eight training sessions of acceptance and commitment. The duration of the sessions was 45 minutes per week, but the control group was placed on the waiting list. The research tools were Hayes' Integrated Acceptance and Commitment Protocol, Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Denay and Vanderwaal's Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire.

The results of the research showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment significantly increases the quality of life and cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with autism (P<0.001).

The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of treatment based on acceptance and commitment in increasing the quality of life of mothers of children with autism and providing new horizons in clinical interventions. Therefore, acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as a complementary therapy by creating positive and appropriate changes in mothers of children with autism.

Sexual addiction is a psychiatric disorder with unpleasant personal, interpersonal, legal, social, and physical outcomes. Sexual addiction is mainly rooted in unpleasant experiences within family and during childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate comparison of self-concept and childhood traumas of people with sexual addiction disorder with healthy people.

This study was a causal-comparative investigation and using purposive sampling method, was carried out on 50 people with sexual addiction disorder and 50 healthy people in the control group matching with age and academic. The study made use of the sexual addiction screening test-revised (SAST-R) of Carnes and et al, self-concept questionnaire (SCQ) of Rogers and short form of the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ-SF) of Bernstein and et al. In this study, Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for data analysis.

The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is a difference between self-concept and childhood traumas of people with sexual addiction disorder with healthy people; in this way, the people with sexual addiction disorder have lower scores in negative self-concept and childhood traumas than the healthy people.

These results have important implications of the role of unpleasant experiences in the family on the sexual behaviors of people in the later years of life. So that those who have negative self-concept and more childhood trauma are more to sexual addiction disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group training for mothers and mindfulness training for children on the anxiety of 9-12 year old children.

The statistical population of this research included 9-12-year-old Armenian elementary school children in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020, from among whom 30 children were selected using the available sampling method based on the cut-off line of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children by March et al. (1997), who were randomly assigned to two Cognitive behavioral training group for mothers and mindfulness for children and the control group. The mothers of the first intervention group received 8 sessions of cognitive behavioral training lasting 90 minutes each session, and the children of the second intervention group received 8 sessions of mindfulness training lasting 90 minutes each session. The data of the present study were analyzed using the analysis of variance with repeated measurements method.

The results of the present study showed that cognitive-behavioral group training for mothers (F(2 & 36)= 8.86, P< 0.01) and mindfulness group training for children (F(36, 2)= 5.43, P< 0.01) compared to the control group, reduced the average anxiety in children.

Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral group training for mothers and mindfulness for children can be used to reduce children's anxiety.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group reality therapy with group cognitive-behavioral therapy on marital satisfaction and self-control of women with marital conflict.

The method of the present study was descriptive quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all women with marital conflict who were referred to counseling centers in District 7 of Tehran in 2019, from which 60 people were selected using purposive sampling. Reality therapy sessions were held in groups of one two-hour session per week for 7 weeks. Cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions were held in groups of one two-hour session per week for 8 weeks. Participants responded to the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale developed (1982) and the Self-Control Scale developed by Tangney et al. (2004) for pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Data analysis was performed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

The results of the present study showed that the interaction of time*groups increased marital satisfaction and self-control (P=0.001) in the experimental groups compared to the control group. The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed a significant difference between cognitive-behavioral therapy and reality therapy with the control group for marital satisfaction and self-control variables.

It seems that both reality therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy help married women to improve their marital relationships by improving their self-control.

In modern life, emotional and social problems have taken the highest rank among mental illnesses. The present study aimed to provide a causal model for predicting children’s psychosocial problems based on parenting styles with an emphasis on the mediating role of social support.

The present research was a cross-sectional analytic study. The study population included parents of children (under 5 years old with behavioral-emotional problems) referred to the comprehensive health centers services in Pardis City, Iran, in 2020. Of whom, 230 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Measurement tools included parenting styles, social support, and socioemotional problems questionnaires. Structural equation modeling with SmartPLS software was used to analyze the data. 

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: 99527).

The Mean±SD age of mothers was 32.87±7.87 years. Also, 60% of children were boys, and 40% were girls, with an Mean±SD age of 4.12±0.78 years. The Mean±SD scores of socioemotional problems, parenting styles, and social support were found to be 40.16±4.73, 152.23±18.10, and 34.66±6.49, respectively. The results of structural equation modeling showed that parenting styles had a significant role in predicting children’s socioemotional problems through social support mediation (P<0.05). Also, the fitting branches of the model showed the proper fit of the model through the composite reliability and the Cronbach alpha calculation. 

The results of the present study emphasize the critical role of early childhood life and the need to focus on support facilities for mother-child couples at this age. Accordingly, providing psychological and supportive interventions for mothers with high stress can result in parental adjustment and mental health and, subsequently, the child’s normal development.

It is highly important to identify the factors related to the general quality of life of parents, especially mothers of children with autism. Therefore, the present study aims to predict parenting stress based on mindfulness and meta-parenting considering the mediating role of parental self-efficacy of mothers of children with autism.

The present correlational study was conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The study population included all mothers of 2- to 14-year-old children with autism referring to the therapeutic clinics in Tehran City, Iran, in 2021. Of this population, a total of 250 individuals were selected using the purposive sampling method and then responded to the parenting stress (PSI-SF), mindfulness (MAAS), meta-parenting (M-PQ), and parental self-efficacy (PSAM) questionnaires. The data were analyzed via the SEM method in the AMOS 21.0 software.

The total path coefficient between mindfulness (P < 0.01, β = - 0.671), meta-parenting (P < 0.01, β = - 0.256), and parental self-efficacy (P < 0.01, β = - 0.352), and parenting stress was negative and significant. Also, the indirect path coefficient between parenting stress and mindfulness (P < 0.01, β = - 0.153) and meta-parenting (P < 0.01, β = - 0.116) was negative and significant at the level of 0.01. Moreover, the squared multiple correlation coefficient (R2) for the parenting stress variable was obtained at 0.63.

Mindfulness and meta-parenting can predict parenting stress in mothers of children with autism both directly and with the intermediation of parental self-efficacy. Therefore, to develop interventions for preventing high levels of parenting stress, it is necessary to utilize the findings to improve parents’ parent-child relationships.

Decisions that the nurses taking during clinical care are affecting their effectiveness in clinical performance and can affect the patient's life and his medical experience. The present study aimed to provide a clinical decision-making model based on emotional intelligence with the assumption of self-efficacy and self-confidence beliefs in the Nursing staff of Rasht Hospital. The method of this descriptive-correlational study was relying on structural equation model. The statistical population of this study was nurses in the intensive care units of Rasht hospitals, which were selected by randomized cluster sampling method, and 364 people were selected by clinical decision-making questionnaire Laureria and Salalara (2002), Bradury and Erotic Elementary Questionnaire (2005), Self-efficacy Questionnaire in Clinical Performance and Partners (2009) and Sensor-Self-confidence and 1993) confidence questionnaire. Data analysis using structural equation modeling method showed that emotional intelligence affects the clinical decision making model of nurses (P <0.01, β = 0.57); Self-efficacy beliefs affect the clinical decision making model of nurses (P <0.01), β-300) and self-esteem on the clinical decision-making model of nurses (P <0.01, β = 241). Also, self-efficacy beliefs (p <0.01, β = 186) and self-confidence (P <0.01), β-108 = 2006 mediate the effect of emotional intelligence on clinical decision making model of nurses. It is suggested that in the formulation of curriculum, self-efficacy and self-confidence beliefs are considered as the facilitating facilitating agents and the clinical performance of nursing students.

One of the fundamental problems that adolescents face is the occurrence of high-risk behaviors. These behaviors are destructive and maladaptive that have adverse physical, psychological, and social consequences for the individual. Self-acceptance is a direct behavioral strategy such as effective problem-oriented coping that affects adolescents' adjustment and thus may have a direct effect on adolescents' high-risk behaviors. Conditional self-worth is one of the factors that causes anxiety and stress, while unconditional self-acceptance provides individual adjustment. Anxiety sensitivity explains the predisposition of people to fear and catastrophic interpretations of anxiety symptoms and causes the persistence of anxiety disorders, as one of the etiological factors involved in anxiety disorders. This study aimed to present a structural model of risky behaviors in adolescents based on anxiety sensitivity mediated by self-acceptance.

The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents aged 14 to 18 years living in Tehran City, Iran in the academic year of 2017-2018. Of whom, 500 people were selected by convenience sampling from schools. Out of these students, 496 were eligible for analysis. The inclusion criteria were volunteer participation, adolescents in primary and secondary high school, aged 14 to 18 years, and no history of receiving psychological treatment. The exclusion criteria were incomplete answers to the questionnaires and lack of consent to continue cooperating in the research. The study tools included the Risky Behaviors Questionnaire (Mohammadkhani, 2007), Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (Chamberlain & Haaga, 2001), and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Reiss et al., 1986). The Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data with SPSS and AMOS software. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

In the present study, the results showed that the total path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and risky behaviors was positive and significant (p=0.001, β=0.27). The path coefficient between conditional self-acceptance and risky behaviors was positive and significant (p=0.001, β=0.32). The path coefficient between unconditional self-acceptance and risky behaviors was negative and significant (p=0.001, β= -0.28). The indirect path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and risky behaviors mediated by conditional and unconditional self-acceptance was positive and significant (p=0.001, β= 0.150). Also, the hypothesized model had fitness with the collected data (χ2=164.15, CFI=0.954, GFI=0.951, AGFI=0.919, and RMSEA=0.071).

Based on the findings of this study, anxiety sensitivity significantly predicts high-risk behaviors in adolescents with the mediation of conditional and unconditional self-acceptance.