هایده هدایتی

Inappropriate use of mobile phones may lead to pathological stress in some people. Identification of people at risk, the underlying conditions, and prevention are necessary. Uncontrolled emotions can lead to addictive and compulsive behaviors. Thus, this study aimed to determine the relationship between mobile phone dependency and student's emotional intelligence in Azad University of Birjand in 2012. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 312 students who were chosen with systemic random sampling method. Tools to collect data included Bar-On’s 90-item five-scale Emotional Intelligence Scale and 20-item mobile dependency questionnaire in three areas. In the mobile questionnaire, scores greater or equal to 70 indicated addiction, between 63-70 suggested intensive uses, and scores less than 63 implied moderate use. Reliability coefficient was 0.93. Students were selected by systematic random sampling. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 14) using Chi-square, Fisher exact test, independent t test, and ANOVA as well as Pearson correlation and regression. From among the 312 students with the mean age of 22.16±3.39 years, 90% (283) were moderate users, 7.4%(23) intensive users, and 1.9%(6) were addicted. M obile dependency had a significant difference with time of mobile use but not with the mean score of emotional intelligence. Mobile dependency was more in married and master students. Mean score of students’ mobile dependency was 45.59±11.61, and the highest score was related to insisting field (18.91±4.70). There was a positive significant relationship between emotional intelligence and mobile dependency; the correlation coefficient between mobile dependency and emotional intelligence was 0.29. Regression suggested that emotional intelligence can predict dependency on mobile use. Mobile dependency can be predicted on the basis of emotional intelligence. Mobile dependency can be prevented by identification of individuals at risk and underlying conditions and controlling emotional stresses.

Work life quality is an outcome of work place variables which plays an effective role in elevating job satisfaction, maintaining nurses, and improving quality of work force services. This study tried to evaluate the quality of work life of nurses working in educational hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences. This was a cross-sectional study, and the sample included all the 300 nurses working in Valiasr and Imam Reza educational hospitals. The two-part questionnaire included demographic and work life quality information and was based on Richard Walton's QWL model (7 options) with 30 questions. It was approved of by test-retest method, Pearson coefficient correlation of 0.72, and Cronbach's alpha of 0.65. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 15.5) and the results were presented by descriptive statistics as well as ANOVA, Pearson correlation and independent t tests. The mean score of nurse's quality of work life was 40.79±10.77 which is at the intermediate level. Work life quality frequency was high for 7%, moderate for 83.8%, and low for 10.3%. Quality of work life increased with age and work experience but decreased with overtime through the month (P < 0.05). Quality of work life was found to be at the intermediate level. To elevate it, group sessions in hospital wards can be recommended so that younger nurses can enjoy the experiences of more experienced nurses. Increase in nurse's salaries and benefits are also suggested.

Hospital triage is a necessary function of the emergency department which is done by emergency nurses. There is little available information of student's knowledge about hospital triage in the emergency department. The present study aimed at assessing BUMS' student's Knowledge about hospital triage in Birjand in 2011.

This was a cross- sectional analytical study whose subjects were all the senior students of medicine, nursing, and emergency medical service. The tool for collecting data was a researcher designed questionnaire consisting of 25 questions divided into three sections: demography information, familiarity with hospital triage (15 questions), and making decisions on hospital triage proceedings (10 questions). Total grade of knowledge was 25. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS, statistical tests including and independent t, and one-way variance analysis at the significant level α=0.05.

totally, 120 students whose mean age was 23±2.01 were assessed. Their mean knowledge was 7.3±2.4, which shows their weakness in this respect. No significant difference was observed in the mean knowledge of the students regarding sex, field of study, and average.

Medical students little knowledge of hospital triage can be due to lack of exclusive triage educational courses and not having emergency departments make evidence- based decisions.

one of the fundamental rights of patients is giving consent to a particular treatment method, and all health care centers are required to obtain consent from the patients or their guardians. Informed consent is defined as free and voidable agreement of a qualified person regarding participation in treatment; by understanding the nature, purpose and consequences of the consent. Studies show that informed consent and shared decision-making can be related to the speed of the patients’ recovery. This study seeks to study the level of awareness in consents obtained from patients under surgery at the Medical University of Birjand. In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 248 patients (content provider) in Surgery wards of Birjand University of Medical Sciences enrolled randomly in this study in 2011. Data were collected through interviews with patients after surgery using a self-designed questionnaire and were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The 44.9% of consents were received of patients themselves, out of which 88% were in written form, and the time to get 57/6% of them was at the time of patient's admission. The extent to which patients were informed at the time of clinical decision-making and giving informed consent was poor, but the patient's understanding and participation in clinical decision-making and physician's interaction with patients were moderate. Patient's understanding of the consent form was significant according to the hospital and the time of receiving the consent form. Also, the patient's participation in clinical decision-making had significant differences according to the hospital. According to the results, strategies must be devised to increase patient's information in order for their better understanding of the consent form and their participation in clinical decisions.

Domestic violence is the most common form of violence against women in the world with the greatest social, psychological, and economic consequences. The aim of the present study was to determine the rate of prevalence and demographical dimensions of domestic violence against women. The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 414 employed women and housewives in Birjand who were selected through multi-stage and simple-non-probabilistic method. It was found that 42.3% of the subjects believed that they had suffered domestic violence. According to 45.7% of the the women the violence was verbal, and the most common reasons for violence were: "the laws being biased in favor of men", and "family education". 79.4% of the total domestic violence was committed by husbands. There was a significant relationship between age of marriage and physical violence. Besides, there was a significant relationship between domestic violence and women's jobs and between domestic violence and men's jobs and polygamy. Regarding the high rate of prevalence of domestic violence against women it is suggested that instructional courses on life skills be held and spouses get informed about men's and women's rights. Moreover, it is recommended that women's rights should be respected by the community for the advantage of families, especially new young couples. In addition, it is necessary that by promoting communicative skills women be supported.

Diabetes is the most prevalent medical complication in pregnancy and regarding that the disease is asymptomatic but associated with many complications controlling blood sugar and identifying of gestational diabetes and great care can prevent from harmful complications to affect on the mother and the fetus. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of both gestational and overt diabetes in women who had referred to the health centers of Birjand. This descriptive- analytical study was conducted on the file of 980 cases that had referred to the health centers of Birjand during their parturition period. Sampling was a randomized and classifi8ed one. The necessary information was collected by means of a self-made questionnaire Then the data was analysed by using SPSS software and independent Fisher test and Chi-square and a=0.05 was taken as the significant level. Fifty out of the 980 cases studied (almost 5.1%) suffered from gestational diabetes mellitus and 11 cases of all (almost 1.1%) had overt diabetes. Mean age of the pregnant women and their mean gestation time(s) was 27.6±5.2 and 1.1±1.7, respectively. There was also a significant relationships between BMI index, mean gestational age, having a history of gestational diabetes and familial history of diabetes with gestational diabetes (P<0.001). Regarding the great importance of gestational diabetes and its complications on the fetus, diabetes preventive practices demand special attention to pregnant women. In order to facilitate and increase accuracy in determining gestational diabetes, it is recommended to use the same criteria and to provide a good general education using mass media and educational pamphlets to raise public awareness about the effects of diet and activity on this disease.

The end stage renal disease (ESRD) and dialysis due to it affect seriously on physical and mental health of patients. Hemodialysis is a stressful process and life events have been known effective in creating depression in dialysis patients. Thus considering long time treatment and changes in lifestyle of patients, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression and life events in hemodialysis patients in Birjand (2010). This was a descriptive – analytical and sectional study which was done on hemodialysis patients in Vali-Asr hospital in Birjand and had inclusion criteria. Data were collected by questionnaire included three parts: demographic characteristics, Beck depression test and Holmes- Rahe life-event test. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software with Chi-square tests, Fisher exact test and Pearson correlation with (α=0.05). Out of 60 patients included: 60% were male, 88.3% were married, 85% were city inhabitants and 85% had private houses. 60% had average financial situation, 58.3% were unemployed and 53.3% were dialyzed three times a week. The mean age of patients was 54.35±17.46 years. 43.3% of patients weren’t depressed and 56.7% had depression. Life events score in 45% of patients was more than 200. There was a positive relationship between life events and depression scores but not statistically significant. There was only a statistically significant difference in relationship between genders (P=0.003) regarding individual variables, life events and depression. Considering t he prevalence of depression and possible physical and mental illnesses in 50 to 80 percents in terms of Holmes-Rahe more than 200, it seems essential to prevent and mentally support these patients

Evaluation of quality improvement and teaching system revision is effective step in quality development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the teaching skills in nursing and midwifery faculties from the professor's and student's point of view. In this Analytic descriptive Study, all of the members and students in the nursing faculty selected through census. A questionnaire was used to investigate the lesson plan, in-teaching skills, and complementary activities. Data were analyzed by descriptive, chi-square test, t-test at α=0.05 was confirmed by searching the relevant professors opinion and reliability was approve by a pilot study. Mean score in different items was method of teaching 30.31±6.82 conditions affected learning 47.44±8.56, communication skills 18.22±8.56, teaching rules 14.46±4.51, complementary activities 23.72±3.55, reassessment 7.15±3.28, and use of advance organizer 19.16±2.48. Between teaching rules with sex and Masters Degree was significant relation (P=0.01), also between personal characteristics and sex was significant relation (P=0.035) between relation skills and sex and age was significant relation (P=0.027). Complementary activities given to the students were lectures in 62.8%, taking notes in 96%, 84% group discussions, 52% study in library, 40% summary writing, and 35% collecting articles. Medical education centers need to make faculty members familiar with innovations in education. Professors also should try to coordinate their method of teaching with students needs and attempt to correct the deficiencies in their ways of teaching. The result of the evaluations help the professors to achieve their aims.

Menopause is one of the most critical stages of women life it is concomitant with many body and mental changes. Menopause can cause freeze in women who dont aware of generated physiological changes, while successful agreement whit these change drastically is depend to understanding of them from physiological events in this period. Therefore this research accomplished for the purpose of determining knowledge amount and viewpoint about menopause, on women with rather than 40 years old practitioner in Birjand University, Vali-asr and Emam- Reza hospital, and nine centers of hygiene in 2007. The present research is a describing and analyzing study that was accomplished on the 170 women with rather than 35 years old in Birjand University in the year of 2007. The study was accomplished using easy sampling and census. Survey of knowledge amount and viewpoint accomplished by designed questionnaire. The questions were studied and graced by professors and experts. The results classified in 3 classes: (i) weak knowledge and viewpoint or less than 50 percent, (ii) average weak knowledge and viewpoint or 50-75 percent. (iii) high knowledge and viewpoint or rather than 75 percent. In the next stage answers analyzed statistically in the file of SPSS software using describing and deduction examining like t-test, square, sideway variance analyzing (ANOVA 78), and Toki test (P≤0.05) Findings showed than 107 women were studied. 39 women (36.4%) were 35-40 years old, 42 women (39.2%) were 41-45 years old, and 26 women (24.3%) were rather than 46 years old. From 22 score of knowledge the maximum and minimum scores were 11.5 and 0 respectively and consequently the average of women's knowledge in this study was 4.3. Also the maximum and minimum scores of viewpoint were 72 and 43 respectively; therefore the average of women's viewpoint in this study was 60. However there wasnt a meaningful relation among the viewpoint of these groups. Implementing of learning classes periodically is suggested for all of personnel, according to results of this research and with considering to the low knowledge of persons studied. Distribution of learning packets among personnel of hygiene center, implementation of learning workshops and … can help increasing of people's knowledge.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most important disorders that college age young woman may frequently experience it. These problems deserve careful evaluation; they may reflect normal ovulatory menstrual symptoms or be suggestive of significant pathology that can have a major impact on future reproductive and general health. Survey of prevalence of abnormal utrine bleeding and several kind of it may have an important role to treat and prevent of these disorders.

This crass-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 college age students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences at 2006. Selection of students carried out based on total number of students by systematic randomized sampling methods and the students answered the questions. Questionnaire was planed according to purpose, demographic variables and survey of menstrual cycle disorders. Then data saved on SPSS software package. Chi-square and t-test served for statistical analysis and α=0.05 declared as significant level.

The mean age of students was 21.12.1 years; the mean of mean of menace age was 13.81.6 years. Duration of bleeding was 6.51.5 days and cycle length was 27.33.9 days. 82.3% of students were single and 17.7% were married. 35% of students were native and 65% were non-native. Irregular periods were observed in 68.7% of the cases and regular cycle was observed just in 31.3% of cases. Prevalence of polymenorrhea, hypomenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and monometrorhagia were 3.5%, 1%, 14.4%, 6.3% and 15.8% respectively. Prevalence of hirsutism was 25% and 8.6% of them had oligomenorrhea. According the results there was not significant difference between prevalence of oligomenorrhea in hirsute and non-hirsute cases (P=0.4). The prevalence of hirsutism in the family of hirsute and non-hirsute cases was 31.5% and 6.3% respectively that their difference was significant (α=0.05). The mean of menarche age in students with regular menstrual cycle was 13.41.9 years. It was 13.81.5 in the students with irregular menstrual and this difference was significant (α=0.05).

According to prevalence of menstrual cycle disorders in young woman, we can not only present a young woman s current health, sense of well-being, but also improve quality of life during adolescence.

Menstruation disorders are among most common in genecology that can cause problems, social and psycho-emotional effects in young girls. Hence this study was designed to evaluate this disorder in this age group of girls and provide appropriate recommendation.

In this descriptive- analytic study 325 students in 12-18 years old were selected by cluster sampling. The questionnaire with 36 questions was used. Students were filled it nearby researchers to give explanation if necessary. Then date were collected, analyzed by X2(P<0.05).

Results show for age groups, girls in 13-14, 15-16 and >17 years were 16.5%,40% and 43.5% respectively. 74% of sample had their first menstruation in 13-15 years old.7.9% had hypo menorrhea, 29.7% had hyper menorrhea and 39.3% experienced dysmenorrheal. With increasing age, frequency of dysmenorrheal increases but there isnt relationship between disorders and age, also with doing exercise, body mass index. There is relationship between mother's educational level with feeling in first menstruation as well if mother's education increases, obtaining information from mother increase. Among sample: 236 said their problems to mother and sisters, 18 stated to friends and 25 said to others. 40 girls said to nobody. Most of girls agreed with establishing a counseling center to provide information.

It is necessary to establish a counseling center in schools to provide information about this phenomenon and its disorders.

One of neoplasia and infection screening methods is pap-smear. Screening methods, once per three-year intervals among 20 to 65-year-old women, diminish the incidence and mortality rates of cervix cancer up to 90%. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the histological pap-smear results epidemiologically in Birjand Imam Reza hospital during two consecutive years. In this descriptive cross-sectional study histogical documents in hospital histology archive, during two sequential years, were studied. Variables such as the rate of infections frequency, age, delivery number, abortion number etc. were considered. Data were subjected to SPSS software and descriptive statistics. The results of this study from 2918 archived files showed that: in 91.9% of cases no kind of infection has been reported, meanwhile from 8.1% of cases: 3.3% fungal infection were with the mean age of 33.5 years and mean pariety of 2.5, 3.8% of cases were infected by tricomonas with the mean age of 32 years and mean pariety of 3.1% had bacterial infection after breast feeding with the mean age of 29 years and pariety of 2. Moreover it was shown that time gaps between post abortion infection is fewer than post partum infection. No significant relationship was found between infection and variables such as age and pariety. It is suggested that the probability of post partum infection is more than that of post abortion.