وجیهه ایزدی

Adiponectin، an adipose tissue derived adipokines، have anti- inflammatory، anti- obesity and anti- diabetic properties. There are several studies inrestigated the association between this hormone and different types of cancer. In present study، we aimed to review the relationship between adiponectin and cancers.

In this review study، various articles as following: case conlral، cross sectional and longifudinal study have been found through PubMed search engine from 2002 to October 2011، by using the following key words: cancer، malignancy، cell proliferation and adiponectin.

From the total number of 45 articles evidences proved the inverse association between the hormone and the risk of breast cancer، in which has been shown both cohort and case-control studies، in pre- and post- menopausal women. Endometrial cancer risk was significantly lower in women with higher plasma adiponectin level compared to women with lower level of hormone. Risk of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer were higher in men with lower level of adiponectin concentration. Studies have shown the inverse correlation between the mentioned hormone and risk of colorectal cancer. Also، it seems that adiponectin inversely associates with pancreatic cancer in men.

It seems that serum adiponectin level have inversly associated with risk of several cancers. This hormone suppresses the growth and proliferation of cancer cells، direct or indirect، via several mechanisms.

Adiponectin، hormone secreted by adipose tissue، which is inversely associated with body fat mass. This hormone has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. Concentration of adiponectin reduces in metabolic syndrome، cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia. Thus، the aim of the present study was to review the recent evidences about association between serum adiponectin level and lipid profile. PubMed was searched from 2002 to October 2011، by using the following key words: dyslipidemia، lipid profile، triglyceride، high or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C or LDL-C)، total cholesterol and adiponectin. Twenty-five articles were recruited in this review. Serum adiponectin level positively regulated plasma HDL-C concentration. Adiponectin was inversely significantly associated with serum triglyceride. Plasma adiponectin had a potential inverse correlation with very low and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C and LDL-C). Adiponectin R2 receptors had an important role on metabolism of VLDL-C and TG. Adiponectin was reduced in abnormalities of lipid profile and had an important role on metabolism of plasma lipids.

Adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipose tissue, is negatively related with body fat mass. It plays an important role in insulin sensitivity and improvement of lipid profile, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. We aimed to review the evidence of the correlation between dietary patterns, low-calorie diets, and dietary components on adiponectin levels.

We used PubMed search engine to articles which were published during 2002-12 and contained the following keywords: dietary patterns, low calorie diets, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary protein, dietary fat, and adiponectin. After search, 45 articles with cross-sectional, clinical trial, prospective, and experimental designs were recruited and reviewed.

Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean dietary pattern, showed a positive relation with adiponectin level. Long-term low-calorie diet with at least 10% weight loss can improve the level of hormone. Likewise, consumption of omega-3 fatty acids had a significantly positively associated with adiponectin concentration. On the other hand, high-fat diets were potentially negatively correlated with the level of hormone. Although few investigations about dietary proteins and adiponectin were available, intake of millet, egg, and soy proteins were found to enhance the level of this hormone.

Serum adiponectin level is positively related with several components of healthy dietary pattern, weight loss diet, and intake of omega-3 sources and dietary proteins such as egg, millet, and soy. It is negatively correlated with high fat diets.

Overweight and obesity are worldwide problems which are also associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. High protein diets are one of the approaches in weight loss that emphasize on the improvement of the cardiovascular risks. The aim of the present study was reviewing the evidences regarding the effects of high protein diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

We searched in PubMed search engine from 2002 to October 2011, by limiting the title using the following key words: weight loss, lipid profile, triglyceride, high or low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, cardiovascular risk, glucose level, and high protein diet. Totally, 25 clinical trials (parallel or crossover) were recruited in this review.

Consumption of high protein diet (22-35 percent) affects weight loss, reducing serum glucose level, and improving lipid profile [low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol]. High protein diet may have useful effects on weight loss more than diet with the normal amount of protein. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels may improve more in high protein diet with low fat animal protein sources and vegetable proteins.

High protein diet positively improve cardiovascular disease risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, and serum glucose level.