کیهان قطره سامانی

Paraoxonase 1 is a key enzyme against Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Increased activity of this enzyme can lead to the prevention of atherosclerosis. This study investigated the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of fig on the activity and gene expression of paraoxonase 1. Also, the effect of the most important effective compounds of fig on the function of this enzyme was investigated by simulation studies.

Four groups of ten male rats including control group and hyperlipidemia groups were treated with concentrations of 400 and 800 mg / kg of hydro-alcoholic extract of fig for 90 days. Serum lipid profile was measured, and paraoxonase1 gene expression was detected in liver tissues, as well as paraxonase1 aryl esterase activity in animal serum. Simulation and molecular dynamics studies of the most important effective compounds of fig including gallic acid and rutin were performed using AutoDock v.4.2 and Gromacs 2018 software.

The hydro-alcoholic extract of fig decreased the lipid profile of hyperlipidemia rats (P<0.001), increased gene expression as well as paraoxonase 1 activity (P<0.05). According to the results of molecular dynamics studies, two compounds of rutin and gallic acid with a high tendency to bind to the enzyme paraxonase 1 increase the rotational radius of the enzyme and also increase the activated probability of the enzyme.

The hydro-alcoholic extract of fig not only reduces the lipid profile but also by activating the enzyme paraxonase1 can greatly prevent atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis.

Many compounds derived from medicinal plants, such as antioxidants and polyphenols have significant roles in prevention and treatment of various cancers. Activation of apoptosis related pathways is one of the mechanisms for inhibition of cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of molecular dynamics simulation of hesperetin on the pre-apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim. In this study we collected data about 3 dimensional structure and Protein Data Bank (PDB) files of three apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim from Protein Data Bank (http://www.rscb.org/pdb). Using VMD v1.9.2, AutoDock v.4.2, and Gromacs v.4.5.4 softwares, we started processes such as optimization, simulation, molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations. Binding of Bad molecule to hesperetin led to release of the highest amount of energy and reduced changes in the radius of gyration of Bad protein. But after binding of Bim and Bak proteins to hesperetin, changes in the radius of gyration, increased. The most frequent change in the secondary protein structure was related to increased amount of Bent structure and decreased amount of β-sheet structure in Bim molecule. Hesperetin can affect the activities of pre-apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim by influencing their molecular dynamics. It seems that hesperetin has the highest effect on the activation of Bad molecule. Also, it can activate Bim protein and induce apoptosis via inducing alternations in the secondary structure of the protein.

Advanced glycated end products (AGEs) play an important role in the progression of diabetes and exacerbation of its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of Resveratrol, the essential oil of cumin and Vitamin C, on levels of blood sugar, lipid, insulin resistance and AGEs in type 2 diabetic patients. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, diabetic patients were randomly divided into four groups: Cumin essential oil, Resveratrol supplement, vitamin C and the control group. After two months, Insulin resistance, AGEs, Insulin, glucose and lipids were measured, using standard kits and results were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the groups in the beginning of the study. Insulin resistance and AGEs showed no significant differences between the four groups after study, although in the Resveratrol group, levels of body mass index (BMI) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were reduced (p=0.001, p=0.04). In the cumin group, BMI (p=0.001), triglyceride (p=0.01) and HbA1C (p=0.01) levels decreased significantly after intervention. In the vitamin C and control groups, none of the measured variables were significantly different post-intervention. Resveratrol can be effective in weight loss and metabolic control in diabetic patients. Cumin showed high efficacy in the improvement of sugar and dyslipidemia indices in these patients.

Changes in the expression of lipid droplet adipocyte proteins, such as prelipipin A (PLINA) cause alter lipolysis and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the three endurance training intensities (low, moderate and high) on the expression of PLINA protein in visceral adipose tissue, serum glucose and insulin levels in male diabetic Wistar rats.
40 male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n=8) including diabetic group with low intensity endurance training, moderate intensity group, high intensity group, diabetic and healthy control groups. After induction of diabetic rats by injection of streptozotocin, endurance training was performed with different intensities for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The relative expression of PLINA protein was measured by western blot technique. One-way variance analysis and Tukey's post hoc test were used to determine the difference between the groups.
The results showed that there was a significant difference between PLINA levels in healthy and diabetic control groups with endurance training groups (with low, moderate and high intensity) (P=0.018). These differences were between low intensity training and healthy control groups (P=0.033) and between diabetic and healthy control groups (P=0.020). Serum glucose and insulin levels were significantly different between the diabetic control and endurance training groups (low, moderate and high) (P=0.001). This difference was between high-intensity training group with low intensity training (P=0.046), diabetic control (P=0.001) and healthy control (P=0.011) groups.
Moderate and high intensity endurance training can compensate for the loss caused by diabetes in the expression of the PLINA protein and reduces serum levels of insulin and glucose in these mice. It seems that more intensity endurance training leads to more increase in PLINA expression in diabetic rats.

Obesity is one of the problems of major concern to today's society. Weight loss has been reported for Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.
Aim of this research is to examine the effect of this plant extract on plasma total antioxidant capacity and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP7) gene expressions in white adipose tissue (WAT).
Eighty male wistar rats were divided in two prevention (A) and treatment (B) groups and every group were divided to four subgroups. The A for prevention from obesity and B were used for reducing of obesity. WAT was obtained after the study for BMP7 gene expression (with using Real time PCR). Liver sample for catalase activity, blood for measuring of total antioxidant capacity and paraoxonase 1 activity were prepared.
Weight loss and BMP7 gene expression was seen only in subgroup that receiving K. odoratissima hydroethanolic extract in the A group. Contrary to expectation, K. odoratissima extract was reduced the total antioxidant capacity in both groups, reduced level of serum paraoxonase 1 activity and increased liver catalase (p value = 0.002) in comparing to the subgroup that received high fat diet (p value = 0.011).
K. odoratissima hydroethanolic extract has an effective role in prevention of weight gain and enhanced liver catalase activity. Increasing in BMP7 gene expression probably causes alteration of WAT to brown adipose tissue (BAT). According to this study, consumption of extract can reduce serum total antioxidant capacity and is likely to exacerbate oxidative stress.

introdution: The aim of this study was investigating the effect of different endurance training intensity on the expression of FSP27 protein in visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in male diabetic Wistar rats.
40 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight, including diabetic group and low intensity endurance training (DLE), diabetic group and moderate intensity endurance training (DME), diabetic group and high intensity endurance training (DHE), diabetic control group (DC) and healthy control group (HC). After diabetic injection with streptozotocin, an endurance training (low, moderate, and high) was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 30 minutes. serum levels of insulin , glucose and insulin resistance index and also the relative expression of FSP27 protein was measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey and Games-Howell post hoc tests were used to determine the difference between groups.
The results indicated a significant effect of Endurance training with three intensities (low, medium and high) on serum levels of insulin and glucose and insulin resistance values (p = 0.001). Reduction serum levels of insulin and glucose in high intensity training group and moderate intensity training group compared to diabetic control group and low intensity training group were significant (P≤0.05). Insulin resistance values were significant between moderate and high intensity training groups compared to low intensity training group, diabetic control group, and healthy control group (P≤0.05). FSP27 expression was not significantly different in endurance training groups with three intensities compared with diabetic control and healthy control groups.
Although in this study, none of the endurance training interventions made a significant difference in FSP27. Considering the desire to increase the FSP27 with increasing intensity endurance training, It seems that endurance training with an appropriate intensity can be increase insulin sensitivity and improve insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

Systematic inflammation in elderly is followed by inflammatory factors such as Interleukin 18 and C-reactive protein the risk of cardio-vascular diseases. The purpose of present research was to study the effect of 12 weeks of resistive exercise on the level of Interleukin 18 and reactionary protein C in elderly men.
In this semi-empirical research, 20 person among 40 non-athlete men of 65 to 80 years old were selected and divided into two groups as control (10 ones) and resistive exercise (10 ones) accidently. Resistance training program included 8 movements with 10-12 repeats and the intensity of 50, 60 and 70 percent of a maximum repeated in three Non-consecutive sessions in each week during total 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in two steps of pre-testing and 24 hours after the last session of 12 weeks in order to measure the plasma level of Interleukin 18 and C reactive protein. Through SPSS v. 20, the data were analyzed using t-test and t- independent at the significant level of p The amount of serum IL-18 (p=0.034) and C-reactive protein (p=0.012) levels With SD±M 211.811±29.006 and 5.390±0.212 in training group (resistance) had significant decrease IL-18 and CRP with SD±M 261.101±12.137 and 6.508±0.018 in comparison to control group.
We can say cautionary that resistance training of serum levels decreases the Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein of elderly men, so it is useful for them to do these training.

Type II diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in the world that is considered a multi factorial disorder. . Oxidative stress caused by high blood sugar is a key factor in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol -as natural origin antioxidant- on improving and reducing the complications of diabetes.
In this double blind clinical trial study, 80 diabetic patients were randomly divided into two groups (resveratrol and control) and received treatment (200 mg / day) or placebo for 60 days:. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after 60 days from patients and the experiments on antioxidant parameters, lipid profile and other biochemical parameters were performed. Data analysis were done by the SPSS21 software.
Resveratrol consumption decreased BMI (p=0.000) and HbA1C (p=0.041) and increased HDL (p=0.038), paraoxonase (p=0.001(, total antioxidant capacity (p=0.001) and APOA (p=0.000). In the control group reduction in paraoxonase (p=0.000) and glutathione reductase (p=0.036) enzymes were seen.
The results of this study showed that resveratrol plays an important role in the control of hyperglycemia and improving the antioxidant defense in patients with diabetes. It seems by identifying key priorities in each diabetic patient, this supplement can be used in combination with anti-diabetic medication to control and prevent further diabetic complications.

Obesity is a serious global health problem. In this study the effects of cumin extract in rats receiving high fat diets were investigated and compared with metformin.
Eighty rats were divided into two sets of forty and each set was divided into four groups: the first group was a control group, the second group received a high fat diet, the third group received a high fat diet with metformin and forth group received a high fat diet with an extract of cumin. After treatment Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were measured.
In the first set, the weight of the second group increased in comparison to the group receiving a normal diet. Weight in rats receiving metformin in combination with cumin extract decreased compared to the second group. MDA in rats belonging to the second group showed a greater increase compared to the control group, however FRAP was decreased.
Results gathered from the second set are as follows: MDA increased in rats belonging to the second group more than the control group but, FRAP and catalase declined. MDA and catalase increased in the metformin group compared to the second group. PON1 activity, catalase and FRAP in cumin receiving rats increased compared to the second group and MDA declined.
The results of the present study suggest that cumin extract has better protective effects against oxidative stress in high fat diet and obesity in comparison to metformin in rats.

Background and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) causes the progression of prostate cancer through pSTAT3, pERK1/2, and pAKT cell signaling proteins. Quercetin, an herbal antioxidant, has anti-tumor effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of quercetin on IL-6 gene expression, and the above cellular signaling proteins in PC3 prostate cancer cells.
In this experimental study, PC3 cells were treated with different concentrations of quercetin at 0, 10, 50, and 100 μM. Then, IL-6 concentration was determined in cell culture media. Also, total RNA and the cellular signaling proteins aforementioned were extracted from PC3 and used for determining IL-6 gene expression by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively.
The quercetin IC50 for PC3 prostate cancer cells was 100 μM. Elevation of quercetin concentration in cell culture media increased the IL-6 gene expression and protein synthesis. At 50 and 100 μM of quercetin, IL-6 protein synthesis increased significantly (P The effects of quercetin on PC3 cells could have resulted from reduction of pSTAT3, pERK1/2, pAKT, induction of the oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, quercetin can be considered as a useful therapeutic agent in treatment of prostate cancer.

Oxidative stress in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome causes a lot of problems and oxidized lipids increase the risk of many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) following treatment with atorvastatin and omega-3. To identify the factors causing the decline lipid oxidation are particularly important in the management and treatment of these patients.
In this clinical trial study, patients with this syndrome were divided into three groups based on the visit. The first group, 26 patients consumed 4g per day omega -3. The second group, 27 patients consumed 20 mg per day atorvastatin and control group, 29 patients received placebo. After gathering all the samples using standard method for measuring lipid profile, the level of malondialdehyde was detected by the HPLC, insulin and testosterone were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with using paired t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software.
Omega-3 supplementation decreased malondialdehyde and testosterone. It also had a positive effect on raising HDL-C. Atorvastatin only decreased malondialdehyde in the atorvastatin recipients.
Omega-3 supplements or atorvastatin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome reduces the lipid oxidation and MDA level. It is expected to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by reduction of lipid oxidation.

Background and Vascular calcification is an important factor in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that alkaline phosphatase increases vascular calcification. Here we investigated the effect of gallic acid on alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this experimental study humans aorta VSMCs were incubated with beta glycerol phosphate as calcification-inducing media. Then these cells were treated with 160, 180 and 200 µMol concentration of gallic acid for 24h, 48h and 72h. The total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and then alkaline phosphatase expression was measured by real time PCR. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity was measured by spectrophotometry. Overall, 160, 180 and 200 µMol concentration of gallic acid decreased alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cell by 1.98, 2.03, and 3.16 folds, respectively after 72h compared with the control group. The alkaline phosphatase specific activity also decreased compared to that of the control group. Our results showed that gallic acid decreased the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase suggesting that this antioxidant compound may attenuate vascular calcification.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) causes anti-apoptotic and drug-resistant effects in prostate cancer cells. Carvacrol, an herbal antioxidant, exists in many different plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Carvacrol on IL-6 gene expression, cellular signaling proteins, and cell emigration in DU-145 prostate cancer cells. In this experimental study, DU-145 cells were treated with various concentrations of carvacrol for 48 hours. Then, cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined. IL-6 levels at various concentrations of carvacrol were determined by ELISA kit. Il-6 gene expression and cell signaling proteins (pStat3، pErk and pAkt) were determined using real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. DU-145 cells migration and invasion were assessed by invasion assay test. Carvacrol IC50 for DU-145 prostate cancer cells was 406. 2 μM. Carvacrol at 150 μM exhibits IL-6 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, but carvacrol reduces IL-6 expression at more than 150 μM at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner (P<0. 05). Carvacrol suppresses pStat3, pErk, and pAkt cell signaling proteins at a dose-dependent manner more than 150 μM. Also, carvacrol significantly declines cell viability and emigrational invasion ability in DU-145 prostate cancer cells (P<0. 05). Carvacrol reduces cell growth, proliferation, and cell emigration through diminished cell signaling proteins and IL-6 gene expression, and it causes induction of apoptosis in DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Therefore, carvacrol can be considered as a useful therapeutic agent to treat prostate cancer.

Atheroma formation and progression of atherosclerosis are dependent on the expression of bone matrix proteins and regulatory factors such as osteonectin in the vessel walls. Studies have shown that consumption of Trans fatty acids increase risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effect of elaidic acid on osteonectin gene expression as one of the vascular calcification factors was investigated. Vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 µM of elaidic acid for 48h and compared with control group. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and then the quantity of osteonectin gene expression was measured by real time PCR. Overall 10 and 20µM concentrations of elaidic acid increased osteonectin gene expressions in vascular smooth muscle cells by 4.34 and 6.58 folds compared with the control group (p< 0.05). 5µM concentration of elaidic acid had no effect on osteonectin gene expression. Elaidic acid increases osteonectin gene expression. Therefore this trans fatty acid could increase atheroma formation and the risk of cardiovascular diseases due to vascular calcification.

By using the ideas of the personnel working in laboratory, it is possible to create valuable changes in the process of teaching for the laboratory sciences students. The aim of this study was to investigate application of laboratory sciences in work place. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in 2010 by census method. A questionnaire including two parts was fulfilled. The first part included demographic information (sex, educational document, and way of employment) and the second part was a questionnaire about teaching programs of different basic and specialized courses including theory and practical. It was filled by 70 employees of the personnel working in governmental laboratories. Based on results, among the specialized courses, practical hematology and practical bacteriology had the maximum amount of application with 74.3% and 71.4%, respectively and practical pathology and theory of pathology had the minimum amount of application with 2.9%. The average of application of specialized courses by employees with Associate degree was significantly less than employees with Bachelor, and Master Science degree (P<0.05), but in other parameters was observed no significant difference. Among basic courses, practical general biochemistry and English had the maximum amount of application with 44.3% and 30% in work place, respectively, but histology, anatomy and practical physics had the minimum amount of application with 4.3%, 4.3% and 2.9%, respectively. The average of the amount of application of basic courses had no significant difference with observed parameters (P<0.05). Based on this study, basic courses had the minimum amount of application in work place. Therefore, revising curriculum these courses is necessary to make them more useful.

Atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Adiponectin reduces the risk of heart disease, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of this study was the investigation of the effect of adiponectin on MMP-9 gene expression. It seems this hormone can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by MMP-9 gene expression reduction. Human aorta smooth muscle cells were cultured in F12K media in appropriate environment and conditions, then, the cells were treated with 5 µg/ml adiponectin. After 24 and 48 hour, total RNA was extracted and corresponding cDNA was made.After drawing standard curve and determining the efficiency of the reaction, MMP-9 gene expression was measured by the SYBR Green kit and real time PCR method. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was the reference gene. The amount of MMP-9 protein, compared to the? -actin protein as reference protein, was estimated with Western blot method. adiponectin did not cause a ch ange in gene expression of MMP-9 in 24 hours, but in 48 hours reduced gene expression (-1.1, and -5.5, respectively). As a result of MMP-9 gene expression reduction, protein also reduced after 48 hours compared to? -actin protein. Through the reduction of MMP-9 protein and gene expression, adiponectin changes extra cellular matrix which may reduce the risk and complications of atherosclerosis

The increasing trend of elderly population, inactivity and the increasing risk of cardio vascular diseases are parts of problems of current society. Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein are two risk factors of cardiovascular risk factors that have been presented in recent years and represented the risk of atherosclerosis independently. The aim of this study was to examine the effects in 12 weeks of aerobic training on Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein levels in non-athletic elderly men. In clinical trials with pre-test and post-test design, 20 non athletic men were selected and divided into experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10) randomly. Weight and BMI of subjects were measured and blood samples were taken in 24 hours before beginning exercises to measure subjects Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein. Experimental group began the aerobic exercise with reserve heart rate 40% and increased into reserve heart rate 75% during 12 weeks. All variables were again measured with the same condition after 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using statistical correlated t-test and independent t-test. Aerobic training caused a significant decrease in the level of Interleukin-18 (P=0.01) in the aerobic group, But it had no significant effect on weight (P=0.38), BMI (P=0.07) and C-reactive protein (P=0.09). Based on the results of this study, aerobic training decreased Interleukin-18 level and inflammation in elderly men. Thus, it is possible training crates a benefit in the prevention and a decrease of atherosclerosis of non-athletic old men.

Vascular calcification is important factor in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and osteonectin with others bone matrix proteins have regulatory function in atheroma formation and atherosclerosis progression. Studies showed that antioxidant compounds cause to decrease vascular calcification and prevent cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of gallic acid on osteonectin gene expression. In this experimental study, it was determined gallic acid half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). These cells were treated by 160, 180 and 200 µM concentration of gallic acid for 48h and the control group also was considered. The total RNA was extracted and its cDNA was synthesized and then the quantity of osteonectin gene expression was measured by real time PCR. Overall،160, 180 and 200µM concentration of gallic acid decreased osteonectin gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cell by 1/37, 2/93 and 7/3 folds compared with the control group, respectively. Gallic acid reduces osteonectin gene expression; therefore could reduce vascular calcification. Gallic acid could have prevented atheroma formation therefore could decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Paraoxonase1 activity shows decline in patients with coronary artery disease. The C to T change in the -107 position of promoter is the most important genetic determinant of serum levels of paraoxonase 1. Study of this polymorphism and its relationship with the type of fatty acid composition of phospholipids in HDL particles can be found in the common pursuit of better medicines and Considered in drug treatment In this descriptive study 265 Patients were selected and divided in two groups based on LDL level (131 in case and 134 in control). Information of subjects were collected from questionnaire and the results of biochemistry and molecular tests. Fatty acids of HDL phospholipids were measured with Gas chromatography technic. PON1aryl esterase activity، had no significant changes after treatment with lovastatin but paraoxonase activity had more significant increases in the CC genitype of -C/T107 polymorphism. Percent of oleic acid، linoleic acid and icosapentanioc acid in HDL phospholipids were increased by lovastatin. Treatment with lovastatin in the CC genotype is probably more protective effect against cardiovascular disease. Following treatment، in patients with higher paraoxanase 1 activity Oleic acid and linoleic acid have also increased in HDL phospholipids.

Background and Acetaminophen is a routine analgesic and antipyretic agent that in overdose causes liver and kidney necrosis in both humans and animals. The cress (Lepidium sativum L.) contains flavonoid، alkaloid، and antioxidant components. In this study we investigated the hepatic protection of the hydroethanolic extract of cress against hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen. Forty-two rats were randomly divided into six groups. The first (control) and second (test without treatment) groups were administered the solvent of drug in the morning (08:00) and evening (16:00) on days 1 and 2 but، the third، fourth، and fifth groups received 200، 500، and 1000 mg/kg b. w of the extract of the cress، respectively. The sixth group (positive control) received 200 mg/kg b. w silymarin. Then all groups، except the control group، received 400 mg/kg acetaminophen per os on day 2 (10:00). After 24 hr، all blood samples were collected for determination of GOT (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase)، GPT (glutamic- pyruvic transaminase)، ALP (alkaline phosphatase)، malondialdehyde (MDA)، and serum antioxidant capacity. Also، a piece of liver was used for determining catalase activity and histopathological studies. For statistical analysis of the data، group means were analyzed with one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. Serum GOT، GPT، ALP، and MDA reduced significantly (P< 0. 001) in the treated groups with the extract of cress compared to acetaminophen group without treatment. The reduction of GPT and ALP were dose dependent. The serum antioxidant capacity and liver catalase in treated groups with the extract of the cress and silymarin treated group elevated significantly (P< 0. 001) compared to the acetaminophen group without treatment. The liver histopathology in rats treated with the extract of cress showed a remarkable reduction of lymphocyte infiltration compared with rats without treatment (group two). These results demonstrate that the extract of the cress have protection effect against hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in regulation of proliferation، differentiation، hypertrophy and anti-apoptosis and activation of satellite cells. This study was done to evaluated the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on sphingosine-1-phosphate level and gene expression of SK1 enzyme، isoforms of MHCs in skeletal muscles of male Wistar rats. This experimental study was done on Twenty four 8-week-old 190-250 gr male Wistar rats. The rats were allocated randomly into control (N=12) and training (N=12) groups. Resistance training was done using a 1 meter height ladder with 2 cm grid with an 85 degree incline، and weights attached to rat''s tails. The content of S1P present in the chloroform layer was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Determination of relative mRNA expression was performed by Real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS-17، Kolmogorov-Smirnov and independent t-test. Resistance exercise training increased the total content of S1P in FHL (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles in comparison with control group (P<0. 05). Resistance exercise training changed the gene expression of FHL SK1، SOL SK1، FHL MHC I، Sol MHC I، FHL MHC IIa، Sol MHC IIa، FHL MHC IIb، Sol MHC IIb، FHL MHC IIx، Sol MHC IIx in comparison with control group (P<0. 05). This study showed that S1P level and gene expression of SK1، MHCs increased at skeletal muscles after training.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive platelet-derived sphingolipid involved in regulation, proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy and anti-apoptosis of cells and activation of satellite cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate S1P as a growth factor in response to resistance training in male Wistar rats. 24 eight-week-old male Wistar rats (190–250 gr.) were used in this study. After a week of acclimation to the animal facility, the rats were assigned randomly to a control (N=12) or training (N=12) group. Resistance training was performed using a 1-meter ladder with 2 cm distance between the grids with 85° inclination, and weights attached to rats’ tails. The content of sphingosine-1- phosphate (S1P) in the chloroform layer was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To determine mRNA gene expression, Real-time PCR was used. S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, MyoD and Myogenin gene expression was investigated in HFL and SOL. The Results showed that resistance training increased the total content of S1P in plasma (p=0.001) of trained group in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, resistance training increased the gene expression of S1P1 in FHL (p=0.001) and SOL (p=0.000), S1P2 in FHL (p=0.000) and SOL (p=0.603), S1P3 in FHL (p=0.021) and SOL (p=0.009), MyoD in FHL (p=0.000) and SOL (p=0.001) and Myogenin in FHL (p=0.000) and SOL (p=0.000) of experimental group in comparison with control. There was a significant positive correlation between S1P plasma and gene expression of MyoD in the experimental group. There was no significant correlation between gene expression of S1P1 and MyoD gene expression in groups or muscles (p>0.05) while there was a significant positive correlation between gene expression of Myogenin and S1P1. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between S1P2 and MyoD gene expression. There was a significant positive correlation between S1P3 and MyoD gene expression. It can be concluded that resistance training can increase the S1P content in plasma and its receptors. According to structural and functional roles of sphingolipid and its receptors and their increase after resistance training, this factor might be a growth factor and a signaling pathway in skeletal muscle adaptation.

Enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has the main antioxidant function of HDL. Statins affect PON1 concentration and expression، therefore the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in HDL is changed by statins. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Lovastatin on paraoxonase activity and HDL phospholipids composition in genotypes of Q192R polymorphism. In this descriptive analytical study، 265 participants from Kashani hospital were randomly divided into two groups. One hundred and thirty participants with LDL higher than 130mg/dl were chosen for case and 134 participants with LDL lower than 130mg/dl were chosen for control group. Considering the expert''s idea، the control group was divided into two groups. Group receiving Lovastatin (n=76) and another group receiving no treatment (n=55). From all participants the blood sample and glucose level، total cholesterol، thriglisirid، HDL، LDL، creatinine، apolipprotein A1، apolipoprotein B، OxLDL، PON1 arylesterase and paraoxonase activity were measured. Q192R polymorphism genotypes were determined using PCR-RFLP method. 2 months after Lovastatin treatment lipid profiles and paraoxonase activates and fatty acid components were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. After using Lovastatin; paraoxonase activity، percentage of stearic acid، oleic acid، Linoleic acid and Eicosapantaenoic acid were increased before the treatment. The Q allele showed the same frequency in the control and case groups (0. 77 and 0. 70 respectively p=0. 24) Percentage of oleic، linoleic، Eicosapantaenoic acid and paraoxonase activity in QR / RR were higher than QQ genotype after the treatment. Based on the findings of this study in individuals with alleles R (QR/RR) increasing paraoxonase activity and changing unsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids HDL particles، results in changes the nature of these particles and may decrease cardio vascular disease.

Uterine leiomyoma is a benign solid tumor of smooth muscle and the most common type of gynecological tumor. It occurs in approximately 25-30% of women over 30 years old. Studies have shown that the growth of uterine leiomyma was related to estrogen, cousidering the effect of CYP1A1 gene in estrogen metabolism, this study was done to evaluate the association of CYP1A1) Ile462Val) polymorphisms with uterine leiomyoma in Charmahal va Bakhtiari women. In this case – control study, 156 non menopause women with the age ranges of 17-57, with clinically diagnosed uterine leiomyoma and 151 healthy normal subjects were investigated. The Ile462Val (A>G) polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed by SPSS17 software and using 2 test. AG genotype was 12/2 % P-450 clase A in women with uterine leiomyma, (n=19) and it was 8.6%, in control group (n=13). No Significant different was found in the frequency of Iie462Val (A>G) Polymorphism between the two groups (P=0.306). The results of this study demonstrated that the CYP1A1Ile462Val polymorphism was not correlated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyoma in the study population