کیومرث بشلیده

Human resources are the most critical asset for organizations to achieve their goals, and employees' mental health plays a fundamental role in this regard. One of the factors influencing mental health is job burnout, which stems from stress and work overload, leading to physical and emotional exhaustion, a negative outlook on the job, and reduced interactions (Peters & Rajasingam, 2019). Job burnout encompasses three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment (Artz et al., 2022). Job burnout not only reduces the quality of work life but also leads to poor employee performance (Wang et al., 2020).Another key factor that influences the quality of life, performance, and profitability of individuals, reflecting their positive evaluation of their functioning in life, is psychological well-being (Kaabomeir et al., 2021). The psychological well-being model comprises six core components: autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relations with others, purpose in life, personal growth, and self-acceptance (Ryff, 1989).Job stress can be considered the most significant factor influencing health, job quality of life, work performance, and also burnout and psychological well-being. This stress arises from job- and workplace-related stressors that many agree are inherently stressful. Generally, job stress occurs when the demands of the workplace exceed an individual’s capabilities (Weinstein et al., 2009).Mindfulness is defined as the purposeful attention to the present moment without judgment. To achieve mindfulness, one must become aware of and detach from constant judgments about external and internal experiences (Gehart, 2012). The seven key factors of mindfulness are: (1) non-judging, (2) patience, (3) beginner's mind, (4) trust, (5) non-striving, (6) acceptance, and (7) letting go. Research shows that mindfulness is positively associated with mental health and reduce stress and burnout in the workplace (Mackenzie et al., 2006).Therefore, due to the importance of job burnout and psychological well-being in organizations and the ability of mindfulness to influence both, a theoretical model was designed to explore the relationship between mindfulness, job burnout, and psychological well-being with job stress as a mediator. 

This study is a correlational design using structural equation modeling, which is a multivariate correlational method. The population of the research was all the employees of the Dareh-Aloo Copper Industries. The sample consisted of 300 employees who were selected by a simple random sampling method, and 210 of them filled out the forms properly. The instruments used include Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) stress questionnaire, the Psychological Well-being Scale, and the Burnout Inventory. 

Initially, descriptive indices, normality of data test results, and correlation coefficients were reported. After preliminary analysis, it was observed that the direct path of mindfulness to job burnout and mindfulness to well-being were not significant and confirmed all the direct effects of mindfulness on burnout and well-being were through job stress. Subsequently, Findings indicated the proposed model after modifying fits the data properly. c2/df (2.31), GFI (0.98), AGFI (0.94), IFI (0.99), TLI (0.97), CFI (0.99), NFI (0.98), RMSEA (0.08) 

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between mindfulness, job burnout, and psychological well-being, with job stress as a mediator. The results indicated that after necessary adjustments, the model showed a good fit with the data. The study found no direct relationship between mindfulness and job burnout, aligning with the findings of Suyi et al. (2017). It also revealed that job stress mediates the relationship between mindfulness and job burnout. In terms of the indirect relationship, Pflügner et al. (2020) demonstrated that mindfulness affects job burnout through job stress. Suyi et al. (2017) confirmed these findings by supporting the mediating role of job stress in the relationship between mindfulness and job burnout.According to Maslach & Jackson (1993), burnout results from stressors and an individual's inability to cope with them, leading to physical and emotional exhaustion, a negative view of the job, and detachment from clients and coworkers. Burnout can be defined as a psychological experience arising from chronic stress (Milfont et al., 2008), while Shirom (2003) introduced it as an emotional response to persistent stress, gradually depleting energy and causing physical and psychological fatigue and job dissatisfaction.Previous research has shown that mindfulness enhances effective coping strategies for dealing with stress. Mindfulness directs individuals toward efficient coping mechanisms and prevents them from avoiding problems, leading to better stress management and reduction. Mindful individuals are more likely to engage in stressful situations and attempt to resolve them, rather than avoiding these situations or allowing them to negatively affect those (Weinstein et al., 2009).Furthermore, the results indicated no direct relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being. Mindfulness affects psychological well-being through job stress, demonstrating that job stress serves as an effective mediator. The findings of Talebi (2017) and Sedaghat et al. (2011) also supported the increase in psychological well-being through mindfulness via job stress. Job stress has several negative consequences, including physical, psychological, and behavioral problems such as depression, frustration, anxiety, job dissatisfaction, and social isolation. These consequences are clearly in contrast to psychological well-being. While stress at optimal levels may lead to alertness, accuracy, and performance, when these stressors exceed an individual's tolerance, they lead to undesirable outcomes, reducing psychological well-being and mental health.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral therapy on internet addiction and social adjustment of second course male students in Yasouj city. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population included all male students of the second course of high schools in Yasouj city in the academic year of 2020-2021 (In total, 6,864 students). Among them 45 who were in addition to their inclusion criteria in the Internet Addiction Scale (Young, 1998) score was above and Social Adjustment Scale (Bell, 1961) score was down in a randomized design in three groups of 15 each Allocated. The experimental groups received Cognitive-Behavioral treatment and therapy based on positive psychology were treated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that therapy based on positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective to decrease internet addiction (Effect Size=0/52) and increase social adjustment (Effect Size=0/39); (p<0.001). Comparison of treatment groups indicates the same effective of positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral therapy on internet addiction and social adjustment.

Today, obesity is known as a chronic disease and is a risk factor for many diseases such as diabetes, blood lipid disorders, liver disease and heart diseases. Overweight or obesity is actually a weight that is higher than what is defined as a healthy weight index. The aim of the present study was to study the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation therapy on self-efficacy and body image in overweight patients. The research method of the current research was experimental and pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The method of the current research was experimental and pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all overweight and obese patients in Ahvaz city in 2018, By the available sampling method and taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria, inclusion criteria: 1- Being overweight or obese (body mass index above 25) 2- Age range from 20 to 50 years 3- Diploma education and above 4- Not suffering from acute mental and physical disorders (psychosis and mental retardation) 5- Obtaining a standard deviation less than the average in the efficiency and body image scale and the exclusion criteria include: 1- pregnancy 2- use of a heart battery or pacemaker 3- use of transcranial electrical stimulation 4- scratches and wounds on the skin Head 5- Brain surgery 9- Electroshock therapy (ECT) has been used in the last three months.  finally, 63 women were selected as sample members and 40 subjects were randomly selected. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Research instruments included body image scale (Littleton) and self-efficacy scale (Clark). After the initial assessment, the experimental group received three sessions of DLPFC anodic stimulation tthirteens 20-minute sessions twice a week, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in efficiency and body image. In terms of efficiency (F=124.4, P<0.000) with an effect size of 0.89 and body image (F=6.9, P<0.000) with an effect size of 0.32. The level of self-efficacy in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the pre-test and the control group. Also, the level of fear of body image in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the pre-test and the control group. These results have shown that transcranial electrical stimulation has been effective on self-efficacy and body image in overweight and obese patients. Transcranial electrical stimulation has increased self-efficacy and reduced fear of body image. Therefore, it can be said that transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS) can be useful and efficient for the treatment of overweight and obesity and can be used as interventions in nutrition, psychology and counseling clinics.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological capital and proactive personality on training motivation and self-development with mediating thriving at work in the Social Security staff of Ahvaz. The statistical population of this study included 267 employees of Ahvaz Social Security in 2019 who were selected by convenience sampling method. The instrument used in the study were Seibert et al. Proactive Personality Scale (1999), Luthans et al. Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007), Spreitzer et al. Thriving at Work Scale (2012), Xu Self-Development Behavior Questionnaire (2007), Noe & Wilk Training Motivation Questionnaire (1993), and Xiao Training Transfer Questionnaire (1996). Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS. Results showed that proposed model fit the data properly. Results also showed that direct effect of proactive personality and psychological capital to thriving at work were significant. In addition, the direct effect of thriving at work at self- development behavior and training motivation were significant. (p<0.0001). The results of indirect pathways showed that proactive personality has a positive effect on training motivation and self-development behavior through thriving at work. But the paths of psychological capital to self-development behavior and training motivation through thriving at work were not significant (p<0.05). Thus, supervisors and managers can encourage their employees to be proactive and innovative in order to increase the positive consequences of individual and organizational thriving.

The aim of this study was to, investigated the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem in the effect of role overload, role conflict, & role ambiguity on task performance & organizational citizenship behavior. The sample of study was 213 employees of the National Iranian Drilling Company who were selected using simple random sampling. In this study, was used standard questionnaires such as Michigan Organizational Assessment (1969), Role Conflict, & Ambiguity (Rizo, Hose, & Lirtzman, 1970), Job Performance (Williamz & Anderson, 1991), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Morrman, & Fetter, 1990), & Organization-based Self-Esteem (Pierce, Gardner, Cummings, Dunham, 1989), & for analyzing data, was used Path Analysis Method. The research model test showed the acceptable fitted of the model. Examination of the direct effects indicated that role ambiguity has a significant and negative effect on task performance (p<0.01), organizational citizenship behavior (p<0.05), & organization-based self-esteem (p<0.01), & organization-based self-esteem has a significant and positive effect on task performance, & organizational citizenship behavior (p<0.01). Also, the indirect effects test showed that organization-based self-esteem has mediating role in the effect of role ambiguity on task performance, & organizational citizenship behavior (p<0.05). Therefore, it is recommend to managers that by using appropriate solutions, reduce role ambiguity and enhance organization-based self-esteem of employees, until in this way, their job performance and organizational citizenship behavior will also increase.

The research method of this study was experimental with pretest, posttest, follow-up and control group. The effectiveness of two cognitive-behavioral therapy of pain management and its computerized version were compared with control group. The sample consisted of 45 children with cancer who were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then randomly divided into three groups of 15 subjects (two experimental and one control group). The first experimental group received pain management CBT for 6 weeks and the second experimental group received a computerized CBT pain management training program for 6 weeks, but the control group received no intervention, for ethical considerations, after the end of the experiment, the control group received two sessions of computerized cognitive-behavioral pain management training. After 6 weeks, each three groups were evaluated as post-test and finally after one month of follow-up.

The results showed that the level of anxiety and pain was significantly decreased in cognitive-behavioral therapy of pain management and its computerized version in comparison with pretest and control group (P <0.0001). These results significantly persisted after fallow up period (P <0.0001). The computerized cognitive-behavioral pain management training had a greater reduction in the pain variable than the cognitive-behavioral therapy of pain management, but this difference was not significant.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral therapy on internet addiction and high risk behaviors of second course male students in Yasouj city. The research method was a semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all male students of the second course of high schools in Yasouj city in the academic year of 2020-2021. At first, the Internet Addiction Test was completed by the students and 45 students whose internet addiction score was above the cut-off point (equal to 46) were randomly selected and divided into two experimental groups and one control group (15 subjects in each group) was assigned. Before the implementation of the interventions, the Internet Addiction Test and the Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale were completed by the subjects. After that, experimental group 1 (cognitive-behavioral therapy) and experimental group 2 (therapy positive psychology) were treated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. After the session, the post-test was performed and the obtained data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and therapy positive psychology can be effective in reducing internet addiction and high risk behaviors (p<0.001). Also, no significant difference was observed between the two treatments (p>0.05). According to the results, therapists and clinical experts can use cognitive-behavioral therapy and therapy positive psychology as effective treatment approaches in the field of Internet addiction and prevention of risky behaviors.

The current research was conducted with the aim of developing a counseling model of patience and forgiveness based on Islamic teachings on the management of couples' emotions. The research method was qualitative and thematic analysis with the strategy of Brown and Clark (2006). The statistical population included written sources such as the Qur'an, Nahj al-Balagha, etc. 6 main themes and 13 sub-themes were identified around the theme of patience and forgiveness. The themes of patience include: individual factors (enhancement of positive traits, management of negative feelings and emotions); interpersonal factors (managing sexual issues, managing conflicts); Coping with all kinds of losses (crisis management, economic issues management); Spiritual factors (benefiting from the healing of patience, enjoying the spiritual effects of patience); The strategies were (paying attention to the promises of the merciful Lord, setting an example). The theme of forgiveness included: the works of forgiveness (individual, social and spiritual).

Abuse of substances leads to much damage in different fields. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to prevent infection, withdrawal and prevent return. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cognitive rehabilitation in reducing cravings and improving inhibitory control in adolescents dependent on tramadol.

This research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and followup with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all boys and girls (14 to 18 years old) dependent on tramadol in Shahrekord in Iran in 2022. 30 people (12 girls and 18 boys) were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups with 15 people. The research tool included Franken et al.’s Desires for Drug Questionnaire and Hoffman’s Go/ No Go Test. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation treatment combined with cognitive rehabilitation in 10 sessions and each session for 20 minutes was performed on the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done using descriptive methods and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS 21 software.

The average age of the subjects studied in the present study was 16.70±1.35 years. Data analysis showed that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cognitive rehabilitation in the experimental group could explain 65% of the variance of dependent variables in the post-test phase and 61% of this variance in the follow-up phase. Also, according to the F values for the craving post-test (39.396), inhibitory control post-test (15.677), craving follow-up (24.404) and inhibitory control follow-up (13.840) and their significance level which is less than 0.05, it was observed that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cognitive rehabilitation was effective in reducing cravings and improving inhibitory control in the post-test and follow-up phase.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation treatment combined with cognitive rehabilitation is effective in reducing cravings and improving inhibitory control in adolescents addicted to tramadol and can be used by relevant experts as an effective treatment in this field.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on emotional contagion & work-life balance. This research was a quasi-experimental type in which a pre-test-post-test-three-month follow-up design was used with experimental & control groups. The statistical population of this research included all the male line employees of an industrial company in Ahvaz, of which 40 people were selected as a hypothesis test sample using the convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned in two groups of 20 people. The measurement tools included emotional contagion in the workplace (Petita & Naghtun, 2015) & work-life balance (Wong & Ko, 2009) questionnaires, which were performed on all two groups in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. For the experimental group, training emotional intelligence based on Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey's ability model (2016) was applied, these training sessions included eight ninety-minute sessions that they were held in eight weeks. While no intervention was done on the control group. To analyze the data, covariance analysis (multivariate and univariate) were used in SPSS-24 software. The findings of the covariance analysis showed that emotional intelligence training was significantly effective in increasing the contagion of happiness & work-life balance & reducing negative emotions (sadness, fear and anger) (p<0.01) and This effectiveness was also present in the follow-up phase. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to the managers that by holding training courses on emotional intelligence while increasing the contagion of positive emotions & work-life balance and reducing contagion of negative emotions; The psychological well-being of employees also increases; In this way, they can bring long-term benefits to the entire organization and employees.

The prevalence of low birth weight is one of the important sanitary indices in evaluating the prenatal care all over the world. So, recognition of risky factor related to low birth weight can help prevent the occurrence of being low birth weight. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of positive intervention on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in mothers with Infant’s low birth weight.

This semi-experimental study was conducted as pre-test and post-test with control group. Statistical population included all mothers with Infant’s low birth weight in the city of Dezful. From among these mothers, 30 mothers were randomly selected and put into the experimental and control groups of 15 persons each. The DASS-22 Scale was the instrument of this study. First, the pretest was conducted on the two groups. Then, the experimental group was exposed to an eight-session training of group schema therapy these sessions were weekly held in group. At the end, the post-test was applied on both groups. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup changes using SPSS version 25 software and a significance level of P<0.05.

The results of univariate covariance analysis showed that the positive intervention reduced depression, anxiety and stress of mothers with low-birth-weight babies (P<0.001).

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that positive intervention is an effective treatment for reducing depression, anxiety and stress of mothers with low-birth-weight babies and generally improving people's mental health

The evidence shows that couples in modern societies face many problems in establishing intimate relationships and understanding the feelings of their partners. To this end, using a quantitative and quasi-experimental design, the present study sought to examine the effectiveness of forgiveness and patience training based on Islamic instructions on marital conflicts and the emotional management of married women. The participants were selected from women with marital conflict who visited counseling centers in Qom. A total of 20 married women were selected using convenience sampling and randomly placed in two intervention and control groups. The data were collected using the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed via analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The ANCOVA results showed that the forgiveness and patience therapy model was effective in marital conflicts and emotional management, reducing marital conflicts and improving emotion regulation of the women in the intervention group. Indeed, practicing forgiveness and patience based on Islamic instructions enables a person to accept responsibility for her actions in conflicts and forgive her partner whenever necessary. Accordingly, family counselors and therapists can organize and hold psychological therapy interventions and courses based on Islamic instructions and use the model developed in this study to contribute to resolving marital conflicts and improving marital life in couples.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of the counseling model based on the Islamic teachings of patience and forgiveness on reducing marital conflicts. The research design was a quasi-experimental experiment with a control group. The statistical population of the research included women who referred to counseling centers in Qom with marital conflict. Sampling method was available by sampling method. The sample consisted of 20 married women who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. To measure marital conflicts, the marital conflicts questionnaire of Sanai et al. (2017) was used. Data analysis was done by covariance analysis. The results of the research data analysis showed that the counseling model based on the Islamic teachings of patience and forgiveness reduces conflicts between couples and the comparison of the two control and experimental groups showed a significant difference between them, so the research hypothesis was confirmed (p 0.05). >). Also, the effect size value (0.969) showed that the influence of the counseling model based on patience and forgiveness on reducing marital conflicts is strong. In fact, adherence to the Islamic lifestyle, especially the components of patience and forgiveness, enables a person to control his anger from various physiological, cognitive and emotional aspects and helps him to take responsibility for his actions in conflicts. To accept Therefore, it is suggested to take steps to solve conflicts and improve married life by holding a series of educational workshops in counseling centers and in the field of psychological treatments with an Islamic approach and based on the compiled model.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on emotional contagion & safety citizenship behavior. This research was a quasi-experimental type in which a pre-test-post-test-three-month follow-up design was used with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all the male line employees of an industrial company in Ahvaz, of which 40 people were selected as a hypothesis test sample using the convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned in two groups of 20 people. The measurement tools included emotional contagion in the workplace & safe citizenship behavior questionnaires, which were performed on all two groups in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. For the experimental group, the mindfulness-based emotional balance training was applied, these training sessions included eight ninety-minute sessions that they were held in eight weeks. While no intervention was done on the control group. To analyze the data, covariance analysis was used in SPSS-24 software. The findings showed that mindfulness training was significantly effective in increasing the contagion of happiness, safe citizenship behavior and reducing negative emotions (p<0.01) and this effectiveness was also present in the follow-up phase. By holding mindfulness training courses while increasing the contagion of positive emotions and safe citizenship behaviors and reducing the contagion of negative emotions; the psychological well-being of employees also increases; in this way, long-term benefits can be brought to the entire organization and employees.

The present study aimed to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between personality variables and coronavirus-related health attitudes mediated by the internal locus of control, and the moderating role of self-esteem in students. The sample participants consisted of 150 students of varying educational levels who completed the Health Behavior, Health Attitude, Internal Locus of Control, risk-taking, self-esteem, and conscientiousness and neuroticism questionnaires, online and through messaging applications (Telegram and WhatsApp). To analyze data, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to measure fitness of the model and examine direct relationships. Measurement of the mediator relationship was assessed via, Bootstrap, and the moderator relations were examined with hierarchical regression. The results showed that the model's fitness well with the data and all direct relationships, except the relationship between risk-taking, and health attitudes were confirmed. The findings also confirmed the mediating role of the internal locus of control in the relationship between personality traits and health attitudes. The results further indicated the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between the internal locus of control and students' health attitudes. In other words, the relationship between the internal locus of control and health attitudes in students with higher self-esteem is stronger than the relationship in which students reported lower self-esteem. The results also confirmed the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between neuroticism and students' health attitudes. In other words, the relationship between neuroticism and health attitudes in students with lower self-esteem is stronger than the relationship in which students reported higher self-esteem

Repeated diet failure leading to lowered self-esteem, a sense of guilt and even self-hatred. Studies have suggested that attentional biases for food cues may play an essential role in the development and the maintenance of maladaptive eating behaviors. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of attentional bias modification Food-Related stimuli and food craving in dieters. The method was quasi-experimental with two-group pretest-posttest design. 30 people were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the two groups of experiment and control. The experimental group received the intervention attentional bias modification training. To measure attentional bias and interventions Dot-probe task test (MacLeod et al, 1986) and to measure food craving, Food Craving Questionnaire (Cepeda-Benito, 2000) were used respectively. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between two groups in attention bias and food craving in the pre-test and post-test. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the dimensions of intention and planning to consume food, anticipation of positive reinforcement, anticipation of relief from negative feelings, lack of control over eating, thoughts or preoccupation with food, emotions before or during food craving and guilt from craving (P<0/05).

Forgiveness is as a moral of virtue can play a significant role in improving relationships and social interactions. The purpose of this research was to identify the antecedents and consequences of forgiveness in students of Kabul University. The research sample consisted of 300 students who were randomly selected. Date collection tools were used questionnaires such as forgiveness (Thompson, 2005), agreeableness (McCree and Costa, 1992), self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965), family cohesion (inspired by Elson's hybrid model, 1999; Razavieh and Samani, 1379), empathy (EQ-8), religious beliefs (Glock & Stark, 1965), quality of life (Ware, Kosinski, & Keller, 1996), psycho-physical health GHQ-12 (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) and optimism (Scheier & Carver, 1994). Methods for analyzing the present study were structural equation modeling AMOS 22 software and using bootstrap method for mediation effects. The results of this study showed that all the coefficients of the direct paths between the research variables, except for the paths of family cohesion, religious beliefs, agreeableness and quality of life, are statistically significant at (p<0.05) level. According to the results of this research, the indirect relationship of self-esteem with mental-physical health and optimism, agreeableness with mental-physical health and empathy with mental-physical health and optimism by mediating of forgiveness were significant. The findings of the current research provide a useful framework for identifying the influencing factors in the initiation of forgiveness and its consequences.

The present research aimed to examine the role of perceived stress and positive affect as mediators in the relationship between religious orientation and mental health among students. This correlational research applied the structural equation modeling, and its population was the students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in the academic year 2021-2022. By the multistage sampling, 311 students were selected. The questionnaires of religious orientation (Maltby, 1999), mental health (1972), and perceived stress (1983) were used. According to the findings, there is a relationship between religious orientation and perceived stress, and between perceived stress and mental health. In addition, there is not a relationship between religious orientation and mental health with the mediation of perceived stress. It is confirmed that there is a relationship between religious orientation and positive affect, and between positive affect and mental health. Positive affect explains the relationship between religious orientation and mental health. There is no significant difference between the two mediating variables. In order to increase students' mental health, it is suggested that internal religious orientation be strengthened and some supportive and educational programs be designed for managing students' stress and increasing their positive affect.

The present study aimed to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between personality variables and coronavirus-related health attitudes mediated by the internal locus of control, and the moderating role of self-esteem in students. The sample participants consisted of 150 students of varying educational levels who completed the Health Behavior, Health Attitude, Internal Locus of Control, risk-taking, self-esteem, and conscientiousness and neuroticism questionnaires, online and through messaging applications (Telegram and WhatsApp). To analyze data, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to measure fitness of the model and examine direct relationships. Measurement of the mediator relationship was assessed via, Bootstrap, and the moderator relations were examined with hierarchical regression. The results showed that the model's fitness well with the data and all direct relationships, except the relationship between risk-taking, and health attitudes were confirmed. The findings also confirmed the mediating role of the internal locus of control in the relationship between personality traits and health attitudes. The results further indicated the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between the internal locus of control and students' health attitudes. In other words, the relationship between the internal locus of control and health attitudes in students with higher self-esteem is stronger than the relationship in which students reported lower self-esteem. The results also confirmed the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between neuroticism and students' health attitudes. In other words, the relationship between neuroticism and health attitudes in students with lower self-esteem is stronger than the relationship in which students reported higher self-esteem

The mother is the first person with whom the child has a relationship, so she has the most important role in child rearing. Aim of the present study was to design and test a model of casual Relationship between calling-childrearing and psychological well-being, self-efficacy of children with mediating psychological well-being, parental efficacy, of women teachers in Jalal Abad Afghanistan. The study participants included 250 female teachers and 250 of their children aged 16 years living in Jalalabad, Afghanistan who were selected by random sampling. Female participants completed the subjective sense of calling Questionnaire (Coulson et al., 2012), the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Reef, 1989), and the Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Dumka et al., 1996). Children completed the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (Reef, 1989) and general Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Scherer et al., 1982). In order to evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling and for testing of the mediators effects the bootstrap method of Amos software was used. The research findings showed that the designed model had a relatively good model fit. In addition, the research findings showed that all direct paths of parenting calling to mother psychological well-being, parental self-efficacy, children's psychological well-being and children's self-efficacy were positive and significant. Also, the parenting calling indirectly and through women's psychological well-being and parental self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on children's psychological well-being and self-efficacy. It is suggested that in order to increase the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of children, women should become more familiar with their parenting calling.

The aim of this study is the examination of connection between religious orientation and life satisfaction with mediating effect of religious coping strategies and positive affection. Plan of this study is of solidarity plans type and of structural equations modeling class and statistical community was students of Ahvaz Chamran university were selected and we use religious orientation instruments of Maltby (1999) and religious coping strategies of Pargament (1998) and positive affection scale (1988). Our finding show that religious orientation is connected with religious coping. On the other hand, religious coping is connected with life satisfaction, furthermore, religious orientation is connected with positive affection and positive affection is connected with life satisfaction, also, religious orientation is connected with life satisfaction with mediating effect of religious coping strategies and positive affection, we should say all mediating variables had same effect. It is recommended that for increase of life satisfaction among students we should reinforce religion, religious coping and positive affection.

Psychological well-being refers to the experienced quality of life and reflects the desired psychological performance and experience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the prosocial behavior on improving the psychological well-being of university students by mediating role of positive emotions and moderating role of emotion regulation. The statistical population of the study included all students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz studying in 2021-2022, 200 of whom were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling. The data was analyzed based on the structural equation modeling method in SPSS24 and PLS3. The results revealed that the prosocial behavior has a positive and meaningful effect on the psychological well-being (β= 0.176 and P= 0.016) and on the positive emotions (β = 0.304 and P <0.001). The positive emotions mediated the relationship between the prosocial behavior and the psychological well-being (β = 0.110 and P <0.001). Moreover, the interactive effect of cognitive reappraisal (one of the emotion regulation subscales) and prosocial behavior on the psychological well-being was positive and meaningful (β = 0.203 and P <0.001). Prosocial behavior, along with adaptive emotion regulation strategies, facilitates students' psychological well-being by creating positive emotions. Therefore, the positive consequences of prosocial behavior, in addition to affecting others, affect the actors, even though they do not expect it.

 This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on psychological well-being and meaning in the life of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disorders living in Ahvaz City, Iran. 

The research method was experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study participants included 30 mothers who were selected by random sampling method. Fifteen mothers were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group, and the intervention was conducted for the experimental group. The study instruments included psychological well-being scale and a meaning in life questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by using a multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS v. 22. 

 Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the study groups differed significantly in at least one of the dependent variables. F statistics of univariate analysis of covariance for psychological well-being (F=48.32, P≥0.001) and meaning in life (F=51.32, P≥0.001) were obtained in the pretest. In addition, the F statistics of univariate analysis of covariance were obtained for the psychological well-being variable (F=45.61, P≥0.001) and meaning in life (F=33.60, P≥0.001) in the posttest. Therefore, a significant difference was observed between experimental and control groups in the posttest and follow-up stages in the dependent variables (psychological well-being and meaning in life).

 The results showed that compassion-focused therapy significantly improved the psychological well-being and meaning of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disorders. A follow-up of four weeks also indicated the sustainability of the therapeutic improvements. Consequently, this treatment is recommended to psychotherapists as a valuable intervention for increasing psychological well-being and meaning in life.

Information poverty indicates a situation in which groups and individuals do not have adequate and equal access to quantitative and qualitative information or the ability to use it. The purpose of this article is to develop and validate the information poverty assessment scale in Ahvaz.

The present research is an applied study and has been done by "exploratory mixed" method. First, in the qualitative section, the components of information poverty were collected by reviewing the texts and using the opinions and views of experts by Delphi method. Factor analysis was used in the quantitative section to validate the scale. The present study population was all people in 15 years old and above in Ahvaz.

The results of the factor analysis confirmed 31 items, which were categorized using exploratory factor analysis in 5 factors: media information literacy, Internet access, book access, cultural behavior, and information access skills.

An examination of the various definitions of the various dimensions of information poverty has shown that this phenomenon categorized into four basic dimensions, each of which can have its own subsets. Thus, it seems poor access (to books and internet), digital skills, behavioral factors and media and information literacy can form a situation that leads to information poverty. In the present study, the existence of the same dimensions in explaining information poverty was confirmed and the components of access (to books and Internet), access skills, use (including information-media literacy) and behavioral factors were confirmed. The study of this phenomenon confirmed 31 items that used to measure this phenomenon. Thus, the scale created showed that information poverty related to information-related infrastructure, increasing the number of libraries and their resources, strengthening Internet access, and teaching information literacy.

 Researchers in the field of death, especially death awareness and death anxiety, should use tools that have sufficient validity and reliability to be able to provide more accurate and reliable results. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the translated Death Awareness Scale by Ryan (1977).

The present study was a methodological research with a descriptive design. The statistical population of the present study included all students of the Islamic Azad University of Ilam in the academic year 1399-1400, in which 163 students were selected as sample members by available sampling method. Research instruments included Ryan (1977) Self-Death Awareness and Templer Death Anxiety Scale (1970), expert opinions and evaluation form.

The results of qualitative and quantitative face validity, content validity and criterion validity of simultaneous type and reliability for knowledge death scale were desirable and appropriate. There was also a significant negative and inverse correlation between death consciousness and death anxiety (r = -0 / 866). The reliability of the Knowledge Death Scale with Cronbach's alpha method was 0.92.

The translated form of Ryan Self-Death Awareness of 19 questions (1977) has good validity and reliability and is suitable for conducting research in Iran.