فهرست مطالب یوسف زین العابدین

Due to its unique location and importance, Aras Free Zone has several aspects, including the natural environment, population, higher education, added value in various sectors, investments, and customs. Based on these capacities, it serves as the center and beating heart of Azerbaijan. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the geo-economics of the South Caucasus region in terms of tourism using the SWOT model. This descriptive-survey research has an applied nature and is cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population consists of experts and specialists in tourism and political geography related to the issues of the Aras Free Zone and the South Caucasus. Fifty individuals were selected in a targeted manner for this study. The SWOT method was used for analysis during the year 1400. Results showed that one of the weaknesses of the study is the strained political relations between Iran and Azerbaijan in the region. On the other hand, the communication role of the South Caucasus region between Iran and various European countries is a significant geo-economic advantage, making it a critical communication and transit bridge between Iran and Europe. The possibility of establishing a communication route between the eastern and western seas presents both a threat factor and an opportunity for its communication role between Iran and various European countries. Keywords: Aras Free Zone, South Caucasus, Geo-economic Situation, SWOT Model.

Nowadays, rapid environmental, organizational and technological changes create a complex competitive environment for organizations and, on the other hand, by promoting productivity for sustainable development, the people's society is promoted qualitatively. In this regard, we are currently investigating and providing information technology in the field of sustainable development of rural areas of Zanjan. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the nature and methodology of descriptive-analytic. The population of the study is rural households with ICT offices in seven provinces of Zanjan province. In 1394, Zanjan province has 226 villages with offices for information and communication technology. In order to study accurately, 10% of the villages that included 22 villages were studied as the study village. In order to select 22 of the studied villages, 226 villages with ICT offices were divided into 3 groups according to the percentage of family households. Then, according to the number of households in each class, the share of each family and village was determined. In this study, data collection method was used as a library and field questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and statistics statistics (SWAT). Research findings show that the final score of weaknesses and weaknesses and the final score of opportunities and threats for the strategic development of information and communication technology represent the choice of strategic competition.

Economic development, as one of the key pillars for development in developing countries, must be pursued with firm determination. There are many components within the lands of countries to achieve economic development One of these components, considering some ports and cities, is the free zone in order to facilitate lucrative trade for the country, border region and province concerned, and nationally and regionally in general. And even set some free zones around the world for economic development. Although there are seven free zones in Iran, the level of economic development within the country remains inadequate. Aras Free Zone is one of those areas in the northwest of the country that can play an important role in developing economic relations as a bridge linking the Caucasus and Eastern Europe. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of Aras Free Zone on economic development of the country. To achieve this goal, the paper is a descriptive-analytical research using library resources and websites. The results show that the Aras Free Zone at local and national scale has had a better impact on Iran's economic development than the regional scale.

Aras Free Zone is one of the seven free trade-industrial zones in the north of the country, which can play an important role in development at the national and local levels, especially for the cities of the north and northwest of the country. This free zone is adjacent to the South Caucasus region, which has a geo-economic situation; Hence, it can take advantage of this opportunity. This issue has led to the study of this issue in this study. This paper is a qualitative and descriptive-analytic one with the aim of analyzing the impact of Regional Development of Aras Free Zone on the Geo-economic position of the South Caucasus region by gathering information from library sources and websites. The main question in this article is whether the Aras Free Zone is affected by the geo-economic situation of the South Caucasus region? In answer to the question, it is hypothesized that the Aras Free Zone is influenced by the geoeconomic position of the South Caucasus region. The results show that the Aras Free Zone is affected by the changes taking place in the Geo-economics position of the South Caucasus region. Due to the geo-economic role of the South Caucasus region, the developments in this region cannot be ignored in the Aras Free Zone, and due to the influence of geographical areas on each other, the Aras Free Zone will inevitably be affected by the developments in this region.

Futures studies and geopolitics are different and related concepts. From the perspective that futurism is an interdisciplinary concept that can be employed as a suffix or prefix to every discipline. The geopolitical study increases the level of oneschr('39') knowledge in the realm of the country, the state-nation, or a geographic location at the national, regional, and global levels in the geographic space. Therefore, studying the geopolitical futures studies paves the way for reaching power. Thus, using the futures studies in the formulation of geopolitical theories increases their significance. In the present paper, in addition to explaining the influential geopolitics propellers on the center of the Islamic world, we will answer this question: How will be the geopolitics of the Islamic world center based on futures studies? It seems that the elements of war, Arab, and oil are among the propellers that will play a significant role in the formation of the current situation continuity scenario or the development and transformation scenario in the center of the Islamic world. The aim of this paper is to present a geopolitical perspective of the center of the Islamic world and possible and potential developments in the future. The expected findings indicate that the social, economic, and security structures of the Islamic world will develop geopolitically.

: The title of influential factors in geopolitical Shia in the Middle EastMohammad Reza Moradi Kalardeh (Department of Geography, Najaf Abad Branch, Najaf Abad Islamic Azad University)Corresponding author: Youssef Zain al-Abidin, fellow of Rasht Islamic Azad UniversityHojjat Mahkoui of Najaf Abad Azad UniversityAbstract

The purpose of conducting this research is to explain the issue that the Shiites are included in the geographical territory of the state, due to such a plurality and diversity.It has natural and human geographical dimensions, which is very complex geopolitical issues, full of differences and structural conflicts.It has been made to understand the exact roots and foundations of geopolitics affecting the region of Shia.It has become geopolitical because the point of gravity of the geography of Shiites is the regions that influence the power relations in the region and the world.In this article, the influential geopolitical factors of Shia in the Middle East region have been investigated.Asaaaar, having power and strength, is interested in the expansion of the naval sphere and the increase of victory in the region or the surrounding regions.One of the sensitive geopolitical areas around Iran is the Mediterranean Sea. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and Tahusl inThe geopolitical structure of the Middle East, Iran has found a pivotal point in the geographical distribution of Shiites and its territories are Shiites in the Middle East.It was of strategic importance, which can be used in the field of territorialism and expansion of the regional interests of the Islamic Republic.Is Iran going to take revenge?

Political organization of space and national divisions is one of the important issues that today governments and governments are seeking to manage the land and the political division of the country in order to achieve the balance and balance of space. Political organization of space is planned and executed on the basis of specific criteria and pre-determined goals in the country. Regional and territorial inequality is one of the issues that should be considered in the political organization of space.The Guilan province of the Caspian Sea has long been of great political and economic significance and is one of the provinces which is suitable for the indicators of political organization of the space such as population density,urban and rural settlements, etc. It is. Therefore,in view of the importance of the issue,the author of this paper, using descriptive-analytical method, after collecting data through library studies,uses matrix analysis method to explain the political-administrative divisions of Guilan province based on the political organization of the space of the country.Is. The findings of this research indicate that with the size of Guilan province, which is equal to 14711 square kilometers and less than 1% of the total area of the country,the relative percentage of the political divisions of Guilan province shows the decrease of the province's impact on organization. Political space of the country and,on the other hand, the relative percentage of the administrative divisions of Guilan province indicates the special position of Guilan province in organizing the political space of the country.

The study of the growth and physical development of cities in the world to date suggests that The paradigm of modernism and postmodernism leads to the development of cities, the development of communication networks and highways, creating satellite towns, and suburbs The greatest impact on spatial and urban areas are left. Modernism and Modernity effect, the basic effects in the areas of social, political, economic, cultural, and physical space is left in the world. In addition to post-modernism in the field of economic, social, political, and in methodology also has some impact The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial structure of Tehran Metropolis is the view of modernism and postmodernism .Methods In this descriptive-analytic study approach And collect information on library studies and documents have been developed. The findings suggest that In modern components such as one-dimensional view of the physical and Urban Development, Drinking space, such as the creation of highways, airports and network Architecture and onstruction of high-rise and grainy Respectively in the first place to third And components such as postmodernism User composition and diversity in housing, There is the principle of authority in the framework of the city and The average density of users combine noted That in the first place to third in terms of influencing the spatial structure of metropolitan Tehran were involved. Therefore, the combination of local knowledge and experience, can maintain the modern and postmodern urban identity, safety, beauty, realize sustainable development.

The states in order to provide national security were ever stabilizing their own sovereignty in a proper area that was determined in the framework of political borders and was able to be marked that’s dimensions and limits. But, rising post-modernism, which was followed by rising local identities and non-government identities and non-government organizations (localization) and global and multinational companies and international or beyond national organization (globalization), this kind of sovereignty lost its own centralization and performed both global and local forms in the world. Therefore, the states in order to defend and protect the realm of political geography of their countries, sometimes was affected from global issues and sometimes from local one. Thus, in this condition, making coordination between these two subject (global and local issues), will guaranteed survival and duration of sovereignties. So, it can supposed that two series of factors that are effected by infra national(localization) and ultra-national(globalization) can change the realm of state's sovereignty in the post-modern period, answering this question that what are the effective factors on the realm of states sovereignty? Sure, this change does not mean that national governments and political boundaries declines; but, the new and changed form of states with a new function are appeared. So, it seems that international organizations, states and social movements are factors that influence sovereignties in the post-modern period. Thus, the purpose of present paper is to explain new specialties of the states’ sovereignty in the post-modern geopolitics. In this way, with a descriptive-analytical method, new form of sovereignty in the post-modern period which is in a different form comparing with sovereignties form in modern period will be analyzed noticing global, national and local changes.

The Shiites of the Middle East, due to their geographical dispersion and residence in regions with high geo-economic value, enjoy a proper geo-political situation in the political and economic realms in the region and the world. On the other hand, some evolutions such as the Islamic revolution of Iran, the success of Hezbullah in Lebanon, the Shiites’ role in Iraq after Saddam, and the diffusion of Islamic awakening, have all caused the Shiite geo-politic issues to shine at the heart of the evolutions in the Middle East region. Accordingly, understanding the real status of the Shiite’s geo-political position as well as identifying opportunities and challenges facing it is an important issue. The present article poses the following question: “what are the opportunities and dilemmas of the Shiite’s geo-politics in the Middle East?” In this way, the article attempts to explain the Shiite’s geo-politics in the political and security evolutions of the Middle East region to identify the strong and weak points as well as the opportunities and threats facing the Shiites. To do so, the article uses a descriptive-analytical method and the SWOT model to offer a proper strategy for promoting the Shiite’s geo-political status in the Middle East region. The Analysis of the information about the Middle East Shiites shows that – due to their identity elements, the dynamic religious laws, and their geo-politically high value residence – the Shiites are able to step towards invasive strategies and using proper policies to improve the Shiites’ geo-political status in the region.

IntroductionPower vacuum was created after the collapse of the Soviet Union in some regions of the world. Azerbaijan in Caucasus and Turkmenistan in central Asia were regions that faced with power vacuum. So, divergence and convergence analysis of these countries related to Iran was converted to a geopolitical matter. But this paper investigates the impact rate of underling factors of Iran’s geopolitical interests in these republics in addition to their divergence and convergence with Iran. Also, in this paper we debate geopolitical interests of Iran in these republics using Matrix Examination Model, and then, analyze the twenty underlying factors to address this question: How much these factors can influence the relations of Iran and these republics? It is assumed that geopolitical interests of Iran in these countries are different. Research findings show that Iran’s geopolitical interests in Azerbaijan are more than Turkmenistan.MethodologyThis research paper attempts to determine the influence rate of elementary factors of the geopolitical interests of Iran in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan republics. Thus, in the present paper, explaining the elements of Iran’s geopolitical interests in the two mentioned republics via Matrix Examination Model. It will be analyzed twenty elementary factors to answer this research question: How much each of the elementary factors can be influential on Iran’s geopolitical interests in the two countries of Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan?In this way, the quantities of each factor are collected from valid documents. At first, it analyzed, countered and compared each factor and then determined Islamic Republic of Iran’s rate of geopolitical interests at the two mentioned countries through this trine process:1. Determining absolute percent of factor X in the two comparing countries through these formulas: 100 Quantities of factor X in country B 100 Quantities of factor X in country A Quantities of factor X in Iran Quantities of factor X in Iran2. Counting sum of absolute percent quantities of factor X in the two comparing countries regarding Iran3. Determining the rate of Iran’s geopolitical interest toward the two comparing countries through these formulas: 100 Absolute percent of factor X in Country A Sum of absolute percent of factor X in Country A regarding Iran 100 Absolute percent of factor X in Country B Sum of absolute percent of factor X in Country B regarding Iran Statistical PopulationStatistical populations in this article are Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Because these countries are neighboring countries and are setting in Asia that have different communions in cultural, economical, political, military and security fields. Sampling According to H.S. Boula’s table if statistical population were less than ten, sample size and statistical population will be equal. Then in this article 100% of statistical population (Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan) are sample of research.Results and discussionThis article explained four field of economical, political, social and cultural field in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan that influence Iran’s geopolitical national interests. In this way, twenty factors were extracted from these fields and the role of each factor in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan was showed.ConclusionAlthough the Cold War was ended soon after the fragmentation of the Soviet Union, geostrategic and geo-economic competition was intensified, especially in central Asia and Caucasus. Both Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan have a collection of geographical, historical, religious, cultural, and etc. communions with Iran that make both countries to protect their relation with Iran for two decades after their independence. But which of the two mentioned countries has more importance in Iran’s geopolitical interests is the matter of evaluating the role of each of twenty factors in each country and the comparison of their quantities. Finally, research findings indicate that Iran’s geopolitical interests in Azerbaijan are more than geopolitical interests in Turkmenistan.

The topic of security as an old phenomenon has unbroken bond with the human’s essence of existence. Time passing and development in the life and social identity of human communities has transformed the security. Citizenship security includes any action and measure causing mental and physical peace and improvement of individuals. Any planning and special attention to the social and political control is realized by identifying the citizens’ security issues. Therefore, the objective of this research is studying and identifying the social, cultural, economical and political elements and effectiveness and prioritizing each one of these elements on the citizenship security in Rasht. The extant paper is applied as respect to the objective and descriptive-survey with respect to the methodology and the data was compiled by questionnaire. The statistical society of this study is consisted of all citizens of Rasht out of them 321 citizens were selected via ransom sampling and analyzed. The summary of research indicates that rank mean more than 2.5 of the most variables implies the positive effectiveness on citizenship security in Rasht. As well as, mean value of 3.68 for social-cultural variables and mean value of 3.48% for economical-political variables demonstrates the acceptance of hypotheses and effectiveness of social-cultural issues and political-economical issues on the citizenship security of Rasht. Also, the data indicates that effectiveness of cultural-social issues on the citizenship security of Rasht is more than political-economical issues.

Middle East is one of the dispute and crisis core in the world. This region in the end years of 20th century and the beginning years of 21st century was involved in many crises. It is a fact that no region in the world like Middle East had been encountering with disputes. It, especially after the Second World War, was always the bed of political, martial and economical changes and never be decreased these changes intensity. But, some of these changes in the Middle East like war, disputes and conflicts always, reflexes in national, regional and international scales; whereas, the process of geoeconomical changes in the Middle East are less mentioned. In the present paper, in addition to qualify the geopolitical and geoeconomical structure of the middle east and its landscape, using descriptive-analytical method, it will be explained effective factors in the development certainty of this region according to the united nations standards of the millennium development goals. It is supposed that the population increasing process, shortage of resources in some countries of the Middle East and lake of democracy and legality make effects on the geopolitical and geoeconomical structure of the Middle East.Research findings indicate that the countries of Middle East and North Africa don’t have same and equal sources. These countries in the millennium development goals were studied geoeconomicaly as the countries of rich sources and labor forces, rich sources and poor labor forces and poor sources and poor labor forces. According to before mentioned contents, the purposes of this paper are:1. Explaining the geoeconomical place of Middle East between other regions that are classified in United Nation's millennium development goals, and2. Analyzing the out look of the geoeconomical place of Middle East and factors which influence that out look.In this way, in this article with a descriptive-analytical method and applying library sources, at first, related books, articles and specially UN's bulletins and printed information were studied and accessing some statistics creditable internet sites were used. In the first step, the lack of stable definition of Middle East makes difficulties. Then, we try to determine this region in the theoretical foundations. In the second step, we work out geoeconomical statistics and with a glance to existing situation of development in the countries of Middle East and North Africa it was cleared that there is a geoeconomical difference and this factor makes several problems between these countries in convergence process. The mentioned hypothesis were examined through the analysis of these countrie's gross income and existing situation of development, and also extraneous variables like the lack of democracy and legibility and low economical growth were theoretically studied. Finally, the unemployment growth arising from educated urban population growth is studied as an important factor in geoeconomical challenges of Middle East and North Africa which mentioned in the conclusions.

Color and velvet revolutions called to Orchestrating and without violence overthrow entered political literature, after Soviet Union has been collapsed especially in the newly independent countries. Velvet revolutions with western countries patronage such as, Georgia (yellow flower revolution, 2003), Ukraine (Orange revolution, 2004), Kyrgyzstan (Tulip revolution, 2005) cause to some changes in region which affected Islamic Republic of Iran and there are some essential factors including, political, cultural, economical changes, which can reduce at adverse effects on Iran and welcomed to positive outcome.

Although Persian Gulf states are all located on one continental shelf and enjoyed very subscription fees from different points of view; but they cannot enjoy a pattern of confidence building. Meanwhile, Islamic Republic of Iran locating in the north of the Persian Gulf and benefiting from precedence and geopolitical power, in its role-playing, always encounters with some obstructive elements for the presence of the trans-regional power. Therefore, present paper using descriptive-analytical method tries to explain the effective factors in the relationship between Iran and Persian Gulf states. It seems that the Persian Gulf states have some disputes that never have been solved and yet exist like fire under ashes. According to the presence of trans-regional powers specially United States that make intensified mentioned disputes, Iran and Persian Gulf states have their own different strategies and sometimes, these strategies make paradox between Iran and the Persian Gulf states.

The location of a country is considered as a main effective factor on the geopolitics of the countries. Therefore, having a full recognition of the location of a country is the basic step of geopolitical surveys of that land, because all the countries of the world benefit certain geographical advantages. In one hand, the article intends to define the importance of location in the geopolitical viewpoints which have been offered by various geopolitical experts, on the other hand have a critical viewpoint on the effects of location on the geopolitics of these countries. The process of research was made by gathering the required information through available sources of the various libraries and by using the techniques of GIS (Geographic Information System) in order to attain the following goals: - Defining the significance of location of a country on the geographical theories - Recognition of the location and its impact on the national benefit of a country This research study depicts that the location of a country plays an important role on the economical, political, cultural and army power of the country; therefore, the countries are divided and categorized by this important criterion, and that is the main reason why the geopolitical features express their geopolitical conceptions by taking into account the time and location of the specified country.

The national sovereignty is one of the words that can not be presented as a unit definition. Most of researchers approved that it is an ambiguous and subjective concept. This is a fact that today’s sovereignty finds increasingly main importance in geopolitical arguments. In this way, it can be said that territory is spatial extract of government that defines the realm of the sovereignty with spatial extent. Therefore, states can apply the low and order of the government by sovereignty. Although, the character of sovereignty is its continuity and permanence but, it seems that this concept changes in the different periods of time. In the present article, with this question of: what are the effective factors in the geopolitical changes of sovereignty? the basic relations between sovereignty and political boundaries, democracy and globalization process will be analyzed.

The increasing urban population process and its effects on the increasing metropolises is one of the important geographical discussions that its effects face the countries sovereignty with some challenges. Because, planning economical, social and security issues and biological, social and criminal adventures are not an easy task for each government. In Iran, like the most countries of the world, after increasing urbanization and appearance of economical, social and structural problems of metropolises, had been noticed some sovereignty-related challenges. Noticing this subject, the main question of this paper is "How is the process of metropolises perspective and it has what effects on the sovereignty of Islamic Republic of Iran?" with this hypothesis that the metropolises number are increasing and this process makes some changes in economical, political, social,. ..fields of the sovereignty of Islamic Republic of Iran; we will study the differences between metropolises and global cities. Also the purpose of this paper is to clear the functions of metropolises and global cities. At last, in the research findings, generally, Iran's metropolises landscape will be studied from geopolitical point of view.

After the fragmentation of former Soviet Union, the geopolitical structure of the Caspian countries has been changed. Each country in this region has therefore special importance, concerning geopolitical aspect. Iran and Russia have geopolitical stability, because of historical background, but three newly established republics namely, Kazakestan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan adopt making relationship strategy with ultraregional powers for endurance and independence. Therefore, these countries have different views in spite of having common geopolitic conditions. Accordingly, the main question in this article is: “What are the influential factors on geopolitical changes of the Caspian countries?” It appears that new geopolitical position of the Caspian area is related to factors such as nationality, population and economy.The purpose of presentating this article is the study of geopolitical structure in the Caspian countries, especially Islamic Republic of Iran.

Today, the basic reason and foundation of crime and dispute in a country is cultural differences. It is necessary therefore, to engage the relation between culture and nationality. Nationality is an ambiguous expiation of identity of a group bigger than family, tribe and clan. Nationality is born with nation-state system which appeared in late Middle Age. However, identity roots from spatial situation and according to its principle forms small clannish region up to the great positions like empires. The basic question of this research paper is: "What kind of relationship exists between the cultural differences and nations" differences in the world? And, what is the aftermath of majority and minority in the world?Passing of time shows that nationalism as a phenomenon reinforces and begins to strengthen in the world. Therefore, the states with minority and majority cultures can control most probable internal quarrels by taking into consideration the minority's rights.The purpose of this paper is to consider the relationship between nationality and culture, and deliberating a general picture of the minority and majority's condition in the world.The significance of this matter arises from the recent knowledge of the minority of the world which causes not only the new challenges of the states but also it changes the political maps of some states.

Nowadays the Iranian national interests are deeply related to the new geopolitics of Shiism, so that Iran always desires to play a role among the world's Shia, especially in Iraq. The later world and regional changes brought about this chance for Iran. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and examine the situation of the Shii new geopolitics and to determine the regional and meta-regional threats and their consequences in the present world, especially Iran's role in this relation. It is supposed that in the present conditions, given to its specific situation, Iran may change to a regional superior power.