سید تقی حیدری

Breast cancer is considered one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Cancer incidence and consequently, drug consumption can strongly influence gene expressions at the transcriptome level. Therefore, the assessment of the candidate biomarkers’ gene expression can accelerate the diagnosis process and increase the chance of treatment and remission. In this regard, the quantitative assessment of Partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) and BRCA1 Interacting Helicase 1 (BRIP1) genes expression in the breast cancer cell line under the treatment of Tamoxifen (TAM) was executed in this study.

MCF7 cells were cultured as TAM-treated and control groups. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed based on the instructions of provided kits. qPCR Hi-ROX Master Mix kit was applied to the Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q-PCR). The outputs of Q-PCR were analyzed by REST statistical software.

Outcomes derived from data analysis of BRIP1 gene expression did not show any significant difference between the gene expression of control and TAM-treated groups. The expression of PALB2 was significantly higher in the TAM-treated group compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Our findings showed a significant alteration between PALB2 gene expression in the TAM-treated breast cancer cell line and the control cell line. The quantitative assessment of mentioned genes as possible markers could be considered a non-invasive method for breast cancer in the processes of prognostic evaluations, screening, and treatment monitoring.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) directly or indirectly involved in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment process may experience severe mental consequences of the pandemic. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of HCWs in hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 503 HCWs from five hospitals in Shiraz, including one COVID-19 front-line hospital, two COVID-19 second-line hospitals, and two without COVID-19 wards. Then, to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among HCWs, the Persian versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) questionnaires were placed, respectively.

The mean age of participants was 33.94±8.26 years, and 252 (50.1%) were females. Anxiety, depression, insomnia, and moderate to high levels of PTSD were observed in 40.4%, 37.8%, 24.5%, and 71% of participants, respectively. A history of mental disorders was associated with all four outcomes (P<0.05). Females gender and living with elderly and/or children were correlated with anxiety and PTSD (P<0.05). Working at COVID-19 front- and second-line hospitals were similarly linked to higher insomnia and PTSD levels (P<0.05). Also, working in COVID-19 wards or non-clinical settings was associated with anxiety and depression (P<0.05).

Most of the HCWs in this study may experience mental difficulties. Some factors may increase their risk of experiencing these difficulties. Hence, in the crisis era, mental health monitoring and identification of groups with predisposing factors are required to provide appropriate care as quickly as feasible.

Several factors may influence oral hygiene behavior, which is essential for oral health and well-being in children. This study aimed to investigate the factors that contribute to the oral hygiene behaviors in children, especially mothers’ oral hygiene behaviors. In this cross-sectional study, data from the fifth phase of Fars Birth Cohort Study were used. Our focus was on a group of 1143 children aged 9-12 years old in the year 2021. The demographic, socio-economic variables as well as oral hygiene behaviors of children and their mothers were assessed. The score for oral hygiene behavior was determined based on self-reported practices of brushing, flossing, and mouthwash, ranged between 0 and 3. The factors related to children’s oral hygiene behavior were examined by logistic regression analysis. In this study, 345 (30.2%) of the children (50.3% females, average age 10.33±0.48 years) did not brush their teeth, 1042 (91.2%) did not use dental floss, and 1083 (94.8%) did not use mouthwash. The mean score for oral hygiene behavior in children was 0.83±0.67. Mothers had a higher mean score of 1.42±0.74 (P<0.001). Several factors were found to be significantly associated with oral hygiene behavior in children, including higher scores for mothers’ oral hygiene behavior (OR=2.18, P<0.001), living in the center of the province (OR=0.73, P=0.04), having insurance (OR=1.47, P=0.03), and having a government-employed mother (OR=0.52, P=0.025). Children with regular six-monthly or yearly visits had higher odds compared with those who visited the dentist only when a problem arose (OR=7.27, P=0.009, and OR=2.33, P=0.01, respectively). The study revealed unacceptable oral hygiene behaviors in 9-12-year-old children, and showed the gap between oral hygiene behavior in mothers and children. The mother’s role in promoting oral health and hygiene is crucial. Future research should consider mediating and confounding impacts of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral hygiene.

With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in 2019, healthcare workers were at the forefront of dealing with the disease. Medical centers were faced with limited facilities and insufficient information. A number of medical staff became infected with the disease, and some lost their lives. This study was conducted to understand the perceived impact of the pandemic on physicians working in healthcare facilities of Shiraz and Yazd Universities of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The present study was a qualitative one conducted in the teaching hospitals of Shiraz and Yazd in the southwest of Iran in 2020-2021. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants and the process continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 physicians working in hospital wards during the COVID-19 crisis. Data were analyzed using the seven-step analytical method proposed by Colaizzi.

Four themes and eleven subthemes emerged from data analysis. The main themes included managerial weakness, burnout, distorted doctor-patient relationship, and misinfodemic.

The preparedness of the medical system and the infrastructure needed to deal with the coronavirus pandemic were not as expected. The COVID-19 crisis also highlighted the lack of information and support for physicians as a significant challenge.

 Different electrocardiographic (ECG) results, seen in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are most likely due to the combined impact of acute COVID-19 and chronic heart disease. Few studies have addressed the effects of hypoxemia, the hallmark of the pandemic disease, on ECG.

 The present study discusses the prevalence of arrhythmias and disorders of conduction system in demised and survived COVID-19 patients, using ECG and Sokolow-Lyon voltage as a sign of hypoxemia to predict mortality in the admitted patients and after discharge.

 We investigated the ECG, and other medical data of 960 COVID-19 patients admitted to Faghihi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, from August 2021 to December 2021.

 Most of the patients were male (541 or 56.4%) and older than 65 years old (462 or 48.1%). A total of 475 (49.5%) patients died. Multiple logistic regression revealed an independent association between the COVID-19 death rate and cardiovascular disease (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.96 - 4.74), QT dispersion more than 40 (OR = 5.08; 95% CI: 3.61 - 7.15), heart rate (more than 100 versus less than 60 OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.03 - 7.9), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (OR = 3.93; 95% CI: 2.63 - 5.86), poor progression (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.56 - 3.49), hypertrophy (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.81), and Sokolow-Lyon (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.64 - 5.16).

 Electrocardiographic examination of COVID-19 patients is important during admission and after discharge. Sokolow-Lyon voltage less than 10 can be regarded as an independent predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital.

The psychosocial risks and job stress have been considered as the most important factors affecting the occupational health and safety and, therefore, exerting significant impact on the health conditions of individuals, organizations, and national economy.

The present study investigated the experiences of the nurses working in COVID-19 wards of specialty hospitals in Shiraz, Iran.

Semi-structured interviews were carried out via telephone. A total of 15 participants (11 nurses and 4 active supervisors of COVID-19 wards) were included in the study. A conventional content analysis was applied.

COVID-19 ward nurses had a perception of differentiation because they had experienced difficult conditions and had higher social responsibilities. However, they managed to retain their social responsibilities despite suffering from anxiety and fear, physical and mental pressures, as well as various deficiencies. Four themes including fear and anxiety, burnout, deficiencies, and expectations were explored in this study.

Overall, COVID-19 pandemic was found to have posed several challenges for nurses as the front-line staff in Iran. Therefore, it was recommended that necessary measures and strategies should be adopted in order to address these challenges.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening disease that has spread globally and received international concern. Iran is one of the countries severely affected by this pandemic, implementing social lockdown and restrictive strategies. According to Persian medicine, restrictions like quarantine have psychological and social consequences.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and anger behaviors in Iran and compare it with Persian medicine viewpoints.

In this cross-sectional study, 739 participants were interviewed in April 2020 in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), and items on demographics, temperament, and the quarantine situation social factors. All participants completed the questionnaires willingly and were ensured of data confidentiality.

We found that 58.3% of the participants had low sleep quality. Females showed higher scores on anger and its related aspects (P < 0.05). In addition, people with lower education and income levels revealed higher anger scores (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean scores of anger and its related factors were higher in participants with low sleep quality, higher sleep latency, daytime dysfunction, and experience of using sleep medications (P < 0.05). Also, after adjustment for demographics and other social factors, the mean scores of anger and all of its aspects were higher in those with a sleep disorder, use of sleep medications, and daytime dysfunction (P < 0.05).

In conclusion, our findings illustrated that various factors, including low sleep quality, are associated with anger in individuals with the experience of home quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak. The outcome is compatible with Persian medicine evidence.

Physician burnout is a serious issue associated with physician attrition, mental and physical problems, and medical errors.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overall burnout among Interns-Residents and general physicians (GPs)-Specialists during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 Interns-Residents and 212 GPs-Specialists in university-affiliated hospitals and clinics in Shiraz, Iran. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit the samples, and the data were gathered using Maslach Burnout Inventory that was previously validated for the Persian language. We used covariance analysis and multiple logistic regression to analyze the data.

The mean age of participants was 31.44 (ranged 21-62) years. Multiple logistic regression for GPs-Specialists showed that working in COVID-19 wards during June-July (OR = 13.93, P = 0.01, CI: 3.61-53.51) was associated with increased odds of overall burnout. Moreover, older age among GPs-Specialists was associated with decreased odds of overall burnout (OR = 0.94, P = 0.01, CI: 0.90-0.98). On the other hand, the odds of overall burnout among Interns-Residents was not significantly different between various periods (P = 0.94). Furthermore, age (OR = 0.24, P = 0.01, CI: 0.04-0.47) and being married (OR = 0.31, P = 0.02, CI: 0.12-0.81) were positively associated with decreased odds of overall burnout among Interns-Residents.

This study revealed that the risk of professional burnout among specialists and GPs increased over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, older physicians had a lower risk of burnout. Despite the disagreements regarding the association between burnout and the duration of exposure to patients during epidemics, the findings of this study have the potential to remind policymakers of the importance of the issue among physicians during pandemics to taking appropriate action to prevent this phenomenon.

Studying ethics teaches students to think critically about life, carefully evaluate the activities, choices, and decisions that are encountered at different stages of life, and also take a deeper look at the world. Other dimensions of education have been less investigated than moral aspects of education. The current study aims to investigate the experience of medical ethics in practice among medical students.

This is a qualitative study that investigates zone 5 of medical education in Iran. This is a conventional content analysis carried out in 2017. The participants consisted of 44 medical students from five central colleges located in the southern regions of Iran who were selected by the purposeful sampling method. The process of data collection was performed using Focus Group Discussions, and then an inductive data analysis was carried out.

Five themes and 11 subthemes emerged from the data. The themes included one-dimensional teaching methods, uselessness, negative hidden curriculum, suppression, and ignoring virtual education.

It was shown that the ethics of education in this context was in crisis because the main purposes of medical education were ignored and led to unexpected outcomes that did not follow the main purposes. Medical students were made the focal point of medical education, but they were overlooked in this context. Theoretically, medical instructors had to update their instructional methods to achieve joint interests and mutual understanding with their students. However, it was found that the health system in Iran required a practical curriculum reformation based on the requirements of medical students and the nature of the social environment. It was concluded that medical instructors should change their instructional points of view and behaviors.

One unprecedented year after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic is no longer a short-term stressor; the unremitting/chronic effects of COVID-19 disease is likely to cause impaired physical and mental health upon population and the implemented public health and social measures to limit transmission and reduce mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 expose many people to social isolation, job loss, and economic recession. This study aims to compare mental status and four mental symptoms (somatization, anxiety, depression, and social functions) between two periods during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Current study consists of two cross-sectional mental health surveys on the Iranian adult population carried out in two periods of March to April 2020 and December 2020 to February 2021 in two important Provinces of Iran (Fars and Khorasan Razavi). In the first survey, 1337 individuals participated in the study and completed the General Health Questionnaire-28, while in the second survey, 1205 participants completed the same questionnaire.

Among 1337 participants of the first survey, there were 876 (65.5%) females and 461 (34.5%) males with an average age of 37.41±10.58 years. In the second survey, there were 1205 participants with mean age of 33.79±19.57 years. The rates of females and males were 57.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Compared to the first survey, the second one showed that poor mental health condition that was 1.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.17- 1.67) times higher based on the age, sex, education, marital status, economic, alcohol, cigarette, water-pipe, and sedative (P<0.001).

Poor mental health status has increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic was a chronic stressor faced by people every day; therefore, more robust mental health-related considerations must be implemented.

When an epidemic outspreads, the society engagement seems essential to make sure of the population’s preparedness for taking individual precautions.

The primary objective of this study was to examine public’s preventive behavioral responses to protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide a description of conceptual frameworks for deeper understanding of these behaviors.

A self-administrated questionnaire was used in this online survey through social networks during March 19th to 26th, 2020 (n = 2550). A Likert scoring scale was employed to investigate barriers and drivers affecting the participants’ preventive behaviors. Using personal protective equipment and good hand hygiene practices were identified as person-based measures. Social distancing and the restriction of social and economic activities during the past two months were determined as community-based measures. Univariate logistic regression and multiple - logistic regression were used to identify and assess influencing factors.

The study results indicated that 2426 (95.1%) of the participants intended to restrict their social and economic activities, and 1968 (72.2%), 1637 (64.2%), and 2492 (97.7%) persons intended to observe social distancing, use personal protective equipment, and have good hand hygiene, respectively. The most important barriers for preventive behaviors were the lack of risk perception, economic and financial barriers, lack of access, and cultural barriers, respectively. The perceived benefit was among the most significant driver. Intention for person-based measures was less affected by demographic and economic characteristics in comparison with community-based measures.

Considering the substantial impact of preventive behaviors onmanaging COVID-19 epidemic, this study findings have remarkable implications for governments tomanage future communications as well as interventions during this ongoing outbreak and subsequent national risk events.

Pedestrians are road users vulnerable to traffic injuries and fatalities. This study aimed to develop and validate a pedestrian behavior questionnaire to be used in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, the initial questionnaire was designed based on the evaluation of previous studies conducted world-wide or in Iran. The initial pack included 127 items. After the assuring the face validity of the questionnaire, 27 experts’ opinions in the field of traffic was obtained for assessing/improving the content validity. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, the test-retest method and internal consistency assessment were used. To evaluate the structural validity, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the principal component and the Varimax rotation was applied.

After completing the face validity and after summarizing the experts’ suggestions, 12 questions were deleted. By calculating the content validity ratio and coefficient, 20 and 17 were removed. Also, the average content validity coefficient regarding relevancy, clarity and overall average were 0.86, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.84. In the last stage and according to the results of the factor analysis, five factors violations, distraction, positive behaviors (group1), positive behaviors (group2) and Aggressive behaviors) were identified from the 29-items questionnaire, which explained 98% of the total variance.

Considering the necessity of using a verified and validated tool for planning and evaluating effective interventions for pedestrians is inevitable. The tool designed in the study was found to be valid and reliable for use to measure pedestrian’s behavior and planning to modify high-risk behaviors and enhance safe pedestrian behaviors.

The function of healthcare workers, particularly nursing staff, in taking care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, cannot be overemphasized. As the pandem- ic lasts, burnout among the nursing staff needs to be considered as an important challenge. This was aimed to assess the nurses’ burnout and factors affecting this variable.

In this cross-sectional study, Maslach Burnout Inventory was completed by 261 nurses in Shiraz hospitals (Iran) in April 2020. This questionnaire addresses different aspects, including emotional exhaustion, personal achievement, and depersonalization, to determine the intensity of perceived burnout among nurses during the outbreak.

Our data demon- strated that the nurses’ burnout in Shiraz hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic was high (64.6%). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were observed in 63.6 and 53.3 percent of the participants, respectively. Moreover, the rate of successful personal achievement among these nurses was >97%. Work experience <10 years (P=0.016), hospital ward (P=0.044), the number of deaths observed by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.001), and the total number of shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.006) had a positive correlation with emotional exhaustion.

Workload and stress resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak seem to be one of the major causes of emotional exhaustion in nurses. The emotional exhaus- tion among nurses must be considered in epidemics, such as COVID-19.

To investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score and driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers in Iran.

This multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 1747 motorcyclists in three cities of Iran. We used a random sampling method in this study and gathered data using two standard questionnaires. Data were presented using descriptive statistics, also t-test, and ANOVA used for analysis.

The mean age of participants was 27.41±8.80 years. ADHD scores of the participants ranged from 0 to 87, with a mean score 31±15.86. All risky driving behaviors (RDBs) were significantly associated with a higher mean of ADHD score. For example, driving with illegal speed (p<0.001), not wearing a crash helmet (p=0.016), driving while exhausting (p<0.001), talking with other passengers (p<0.001), being fined by the police in the past year (p=0.028), and maneuvering while driving (p<0.001) were related to a higher mean of ADHD score.

All RDBs were significantly associated with the ADHD score among motorcyclists in Iran. In this regard, health care providers should inform people with ADHD about the negative consequences associated with driving and ADHD. Public health policymakers should consider management of ADHD through a comprehensive approach to improve driving performance and competencies among motorcyclists in order to decrease RDBs and traffic accidents.

We conducted a triple phase project for motorcycle helmets advocacy in Darab, a city in southwest Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the project on decreasing the hazards of motorcycle accidents. Using a questionnaire,data for ICU admission rates, hospital costs for patients who required ICU admission, rate of helmet usage, mortality and the duration of ICU care for patients admitted to Darab hospital due to motorcycle accidents in Winter 2015 (before conducting the project) and Winter 2016 (after conducting the project) were gathered and compared. This feature was also separately done for patients younger than 17 years. The rate of wearing helmets increased significantly in winter 2016 (from 3.4 % to 33%). Also ICU admission rate due to head trauma was significantly decreased after the project was done (from 14.5 % to 4%). However, hospital costs for patients required ICU admission were increased in winter 2016. This increase, though not significant, seems to be due to an increase in health service expenses in the year 2016 as compared with the year 2015. The mortality rate was not significantly changed between the two mentioned years results. For patients younger than 17 years, no ICU admissions were needed in winter 2016. Even a short period of intervention can have positive effects on increasing the safety of motorcycle drivers.

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the relationships risky driving behaviors (RDBs) have with the big five personality factors, sensation seeking and driving anger.

The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Psychinfo, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. All original studies were retrieved that assessed the relationships RDBs had with the big five personality factors, sensation seeking, and driving anger. Heterogeneity between studies was examined using the Cochran Q statistic and I2 tests. After applying Fisher’s r-to-z transformation, the correlation coefficients (r) were summarized from each study and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.

Overall, 22 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which included 11211 participants. The results showed that RDBs had a significant negative relationship with agreeableness (r -0.27; 95% CI, -0.36, -0.19; P less than 0.0001), but significant positive relationships with neuroticism (r 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.29; P=0.584), sensation seeking (r 0.28; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.33; P less than 0.0001) and driving anger (r 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.64; P=0.002). Conversely, RDBs were not significantly related to extraversion (r -0.01; 95% CI, -0.08, 0.05; P=0.705), conscientiousness (r -0.05; 95% CI, -0.21, 0.12; P=0.584), or openness (r -0.06; 95% CI, -0.12, 0.00; P=0.065).

Therefore, it appears that individuals most likely to engage in risky driving behaviors would be low in agreeableness, but high in neuroticism, sensation seeking and driving anger.

Healthcare systems have an intrinsic responsibility to meet medial and non-medical expectations of people.
The aim of this study was to investigate the Iranian health system responsiveness in the city of Jahrom.
This study comprised of 600 patients from 6 health centers in Jahrom County. Data were gathered via a standard self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate data.
Responsiveness of Jahrom health system was reported to be higher than average (3.32 ± 0.41). Being female, being from low income families, and patients on inpatient services were factors directly associated with higher rate of good responsiveness (P The Iranian health evolution plan is expected to have potential to promote responsiveness and quality of healthcare services, an area deserving more investigations.

Sleep Quality Disorder (SQD) plays a major role in road accidents. So, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of SQD among occupational drivers using systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran.
All Persian and English articles between January, 2000 and October, 2015 which had reported the SQD prevalence in Iranian drivers by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with cross-sectional design, after the quality evaluation process and achieving the required score, were selected. The heterogenic index of the studies was distinguished by using Cochran (Q) and I2 tests. Based on heterogeneity results, a random effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence of SQD. Meta-regression was also used to investigate the heterogeneity of suspected factors.
In total, 936 articles were found from national and international databases. Ten articles entered to meta-analysis process, ultimately. Since heterogeneity index suggested that there is a considerable heterogeneity among the results of primary studies (I-squared = 98.8%, Q= 754.1, p Our in conclusion, our study demonstrated that more than half of Iranian drivers have SQD. Identifying the drivers with SQD by periodic examinations and providing advice and health care among occupational drivers could be appropriate solutions for decreasing the accident risks.

Preterm delivery is defined as delivery between the 20th and 37th week of pregnancy that affects 7% to 11% of all pregnancies and continues to be the primary cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide.. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and reliability of cervical length (CL) measurement by transperineal and transvaginal ultrasonography (TPUS and TVUS, respectively) in the second trimester..Patients and This cross-sectional study included 196 pregnant women at 18th to 24th weeks of gestation who were referred to Zeinabieh and Hafez hospitals, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. CL was measured by TVUS and TPUS and the measurements between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation were used to predict preterm delivery.. Preterm delivery was recorded in 16 pregnant women (8.2%). A statistically significant difference in mean of measured CL by TVUS and TPUS was found between preterm and term delivery groups (TVUS, 33.5 ± 4.1 mm in term and 21.8 ± 6.0 mm in preterm delivery, P < 0.001; and TPUS, 34.2 ± 4.6 mm in term and 22.6 ± 5.0 mm in preterm delivery). Areas under the receptor operative characteristic curves were 0.973 and 0.978 for the TVUS and TPUS, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the TVUS and TPUS at a cutoff point of ≤ 28 mm with sensitivity of 93.75% and specificity of 92.74%.. TPUS can be an appropriate alternative for predicting preterm delivery with a comparable accuracy to TVUS..