دکتر سیف الله بهرامی کیا

In the present study, the solvent effect (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) of the extraction on the content of phenol, flavonoid, and the antioxidant activity of six medicinal plants, including Persian oak fruit hull (Quercus brantii), Zataria multiflora, German Matricaria chamomilla, Teucrium polium, Rosa foetida Herrm, and mountain barberry (Berberis integerrima) was investigated.

To measure phenol and flavonoid content, folin ciocaltio and aluminum chloride reagents were used, respectively, and to measure the antioxidant potential, the DPPH method was used. The content of phenol and flavonoid compounds was calculated as mg equivalent of gallic acid and catechin per gram of dry weight of the plant, respectively. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software (version 14).

According to the obtained results, the amount of phenol and flavonoid in the hydroalcoholic extract of oak fruit hull Quercus brantii, Zataria multiflora, German Matricaria chamomilla, and mountain barberry was more than the aqueous extract, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest content of phenol and flavonoid were related to the hydroalcoholic extract of oak by 310.2 ± 2.5 mg/g and 241.2 ± 1 mg/g, respectively, and the lowest amounts were related to the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla (53.1±1.1 mg/g) and the aqueous extract of acorn (23.9±1.5 mg/g), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity (IC50) was related to oak fruit-hull hydroalcoholic extract (39.1±4.4 µg/ml), and the lowest was related to the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla (315.3±3.3 µg/ml).

The findings of this study showed that the solvent used to extract plants is a significant factor in separation of phenol and flavonoid compounds as well as their antioxidant activity.

The use of herbal compounds with antioxidant properties can be used as an important strategy to reduce inflammatory diseases by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of this plant on the inhibition of albumin denaturation as well as the inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis.

In this study, methanol and hydroalcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata were prepared and total phenol and flavonoids were calculated spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts at different concentrations )25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 µg/ml) was investigated by DPPH method. In protein denaturation inhibition, 1% bovine serum albumin was added to different concentrations of the extract and after heating the percentage of inhibition for albumin denaturation was calculated. In the RBC membrane immobilization assay, to non-clot RBC, different concentrations of the extract were added and after heating the percentage of hemolysis inhibition was calculated.

The results showed that the amount of phenol and flavonoid in each extract was different and the methanolic extract of Scrophularia striata was higher. IC50 of methanolic extract of Scrophularia striata with DPPH test equals 312.4 µg/ml, anti-inflammatory protein denaturation inhibition test, 393.2 µg/ml and anti-inflammatory erythrocyte membrane immobilization test 502.52 µg/ml, which are lower than the IC50 of thirsty hydroalcoholic extract. In addition, there is a direct relationship between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and extract doses.

Coronavirus disease is a large family of viruses and subtypes of coronavirusthat range from the common cold virus to more serious illnesses such as SARS, Mers, and Covid. Symptomsof a new coronavirus that causes Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) usually begin a few daysafter a person becomes infected with the virus. But in some people, the symptoms may appear a littlelater. According to statistics and research, symptoms can include fever (in 43.8% of people at admissionand 88.7% in hospitalized), dry cough, and shortness of breath. In addition to these clinical symptoms,after exposure to the virus, a series of blood factors change, and the measurement of these factors helpsto treat and prevent the progression of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the changes in variousblood factors in coronary patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Selseleh, Lorestan.

In this study, biochemical tests of 50 coronary patients, including 30 males and 20 females rangingin age from 30 to 90 years, were performed. Factors examined included White blood cell (WBC), Redblood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocytes, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-ReactiveProtein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB).

The results showed that among the mentioned factors, the number of lymphocytes in all patientsdecreased compared to the normal range, and the amount of ESR, CRP, CK-MB, and LDH factorsincreased compared to the normal range.

Considering that the present study was performed at the beginning of the corona disease andthe number of hospitalized people as well as hospital facilities was low, it is better to study the populationin relation to a much larger population and also perform more complementary tests to conclude toconclude and evaluate the relevant parameters and the relationship between the parameters.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, concentration, and pH on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles produced by Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomilla, and Quercus brantii. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by green synthesis by extracts of Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomilla،, and oak, which act as reducing agents. The reaction of the extract with silver nitrate and the change in color of the resulting solution indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles in the concentration, pH, and temperature. Also, the analysis of the solution with spectrophotometry at wavelengths 380-430 showed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. For the preparation of nanoparticles by the mentioned plants, the best ratio of silver nitrate to the extract, for oak flour, Zataria multiflora, and Matricaria chamomilla is 6 to 3 and for Oak Fruit Hull (Jaft) 6 to 1.5, The best temperature for Oak Fruit Hull, flour and Matricaria chamomilla is 60 0C and for Zataria multiflora is room temperature, The best pH for Oak Fruit Hull and flour was pH =7, and for Zataria multiflora and Matricaria chamomilla was pH = 9. The results obtained from this study showed that Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomilla, and Quercus brantii. can be used to produce nanoparticles and use them in medicine and pharmacy.

The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) function is to hydrolyze the acetylcholine (ACh). This enzyme is irreversibly inhibited by the organophosphate compounds of insecticides and nerve gases. This inhibition by the ACh accumulation in the cholinergic synapses leads to the overstimulation and cholinergic crisis in the synaptic cleft. This study was aimed at reactivating the inhibited cholinesterase (ChE) by the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. hydroalcoholic extract. The effects of Ch. morifolium hydroalcoholic extract were evaluated on the activity and ChE reactivation by the Elman staining method. The erythrocyte AChE and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were the enzyme sources in this study. The antioxidant activity, identification of functional groups, and determination of compounds in the extract were determined by DPPH, FTIR, and GC/MS methods, respectively. The results showed that the reactivation rate of inhibited BChE (the amount of losing activity in the enzyme inhibited = up to 91.95% ± 0.17) was obtained 49.16% ± 0.24 in the 1 mg.ml-1 of chrysanthemum extract treatment. In this experiment, the AChE enzyme was inhibited up to 30.77% ± 0.45 by paraoxon, which the 1 mg.ml-1 of chrysanthemum extract restored it and eliminated the paraoxon toxicity. The IC50 in the chrysanthemum hydroalcoholic extract for scavenging the DPPH free radicals was calculated 483.67 ± 3 μg.ml-1. The results of FTIR and GC/MS also showed that the extract of this plant is rich in the phenolic compounds containing the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which probably play a key role in the antioxidant activity of this plant extract. The findings of this study showed that the chrysanthemum hydroalcoholic extract had very high antioxidant properties due to its phenolic compounds and could be recommended as an antidote to the organophosphate toxins such as paraoxon.

 Recently, there has been growing efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanism of amyloid formation and investigating effective compounds for inhibiting of amyloid structures. Investigation of the fibrillation process through its induction and inhibition using specific compounds such as aromatic derivatives provide useful information for stabilizing the protein structure. In the present study, the in vitro anti-amyloidogenic and destabilizing effects of Salvia officinalis were investigated using bovine insulin as a model protein.

 To induce fibrillation, the bovine pancreatic insulin was incubated for 10 days in 50 mM glycine buffer at pH = 2.2 at 57° C. Amyloid formation was examined using CR absorption spectroscopy, ANS and THT fluorescence and Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) methods. Then, the effect of different concentrations of Salvia officinalis extract (ratios of 0.1, 1, and 5 extracts to 1 protein) on inhibition of fibrillation and destabilization of pre-formed insulin fibrils was investigated.

 Results indicated a significant decrease in the accumulation of amyloid fibrils in drug-incubated samples compared to control. It also found that Salvia officinalis extract in all concentrations, especially in the 1: 1 ratio of drug to protein, has a strong inhibitory effect on fibrillation and defibrillation of insulin protein.

The results of this study showed that by purification and isolation of effective compounds of Salvia officinalis and its effect on amyloid fibrils, this plant could probably be used to treat amyloid diseases.