صادق کریمی مقدم

“Isnad-Matn of The Imam Sadiq`s (as) Prayer of Rajabiyyah: An Analytical Study” One of the prayers of the month of Rajab is the Imam Sadiq`s (as) Prayer of Rajabiyyah which begins with the phrase "O who I hope him", Hence, it is also known by the same phrase. In this article, the various narrations of this prayer, the etiquette and times of its recitation, the cause of its issuance and the meanings of its words and phrases have been examined. Finally, it was shown that this Prayer of Rajabiyyah, in addition to some Isnad`s defects, weakness of some of its narrators and differences in it`s narrations, can be compensated by the existence of several Isnads for the Prayer, the mendings of some it`s Isnads, citation of great narrators of Hadith such as Kulaini, Kashshi and Sayyid Ibn Tawus in their works, as well as its higher meanings, possibles the utterance of this prayer from the infallible Imam. Therefore, the prayer in question is valid and could was issued by the Imam.

Following the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him and His Household) as a model for Muslims is a presumption mentioned by the Holy Quran. Hence, his Sira, which is interpreted as Tradition, can be a guide in many individual and social actions of Muslims. In the meantime, the Prophets (pbuh) manners in the city of Medina and how he treated the dissidents of Islam, such as the People of the Book, can be considered as a proper method, the headline of Islamic political and moral character. In this article, first, by reviewing historical sources, the Prophet's behavior in the face of Jews and Christians was dealt with, then with new research approaches to apply those examples based on the hypothesis of peace and tolerance discourse in the Prophets Sira in His treatment with the People of the Book was discussed, and it was concluded that his discourse can be considered based on compromise and tolerance in dealing with the People of the Book.

The issue of the origin of Hadith Isnad and its dating over past century has been an important topic among Muslim scholars and Western hadith scholars. In this regard, both categories are often based on citations of Muhammad ibn Sirin(110 AH.), in which the initiation of Isnad for the hadith was considered as a result of a riot, has given different dates. Hadith Scholars, considered the intrigue to be the murder of the third caliph in 35 AH., and the time when Isnad began to be used in the early part of the first century AH., but some Western scholars have cnsidered the origin of Isnad as related to the events of the early second century AH. In the meantime, G.H.A. Juynboll, a Hadith scholar from the Netherlands, considered the origin of the use of Isnad in the seventies since the first century, considering the rebellion of Abd-allah ibn Zubayr against the Umayyads during the years of 63-73 AH. as the first act known as Fitna. In this essay, through criticizing the views of Juynboll by reviewing traditions and authoritative reports in ancient hadith and historical sources, the rebellion of Ibn Zubayr against the Umayyads was considered as the first riot. In addition, it became clear that the purpose of Ibn Sirin from riot with the period of the al-Mukhtar Thaqafi`s (66-67 AH.) uprising was more consistent in Kufa; therefore, the historical and systematic origins of Isnad could be regarded as related to this period.