مقالات رزومه فاطمه نادریان

The aim of the current research was to identify and examine the strengths and weaknesses of legal policy making in the field of championship sports for persons with disabilities.  

This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative type, which was carried out by thematic analysis method. The statistical research community of all officials of the National Paralympic Committee, Sports Federation for the Disable persons, Blind Sports Federation, Sports management experts familiar with the sport of persons with disabilities, experts in sports law and sports champions with disabilities. Sampling was done purposefully and by snowball method. The data collection tool was a depth semi-structured interview. The data was saturated after conducting 16 interviews, but to increase the confidence factor, 3 more interviews were conducted and analyzed (n =19).

The findings showed that the legal policies made in the field of championship sports for persons with disabilities are placed in 6 areas, which include: legislative, executive, financial, media, cultural and structural areas. According to the results of the present study, it seems despite the positive results and obtaining favorable results in international and global competitions, the negative points of policies have been more than its positive points.  

Therefore, it demands that the policy makers, in different areas of policy making, pay more attention to the negative points in order to maintain and improve the status of the championship sport of persons with disabilities in the world.

The aim of the current research was to analyze the policy making situation in educational sports for persons with disabilities. This research was applied in terms of purpose and of the qualitative research type, which was conducted with the methods of content analysis and theme analysis. In the content analysis section, the rules and regulations related to educational sports were examined, and in the content analysis section, the statistical population includes the officials of the exceptional education organization, the officials of student sports and university sports, sports specialists for children with disabilities, experts in the field of sports management and sports champions with disabilities. In the content analysis section, data collection was done in document and library form, and in the thematic analysis section, were used depth semi-structured interviews to collect data. The researchers reached theoretical saturation after conducting 12 interviews, but to increase the confidence factor, 3 more interviews were conducted (n =15). The findings showed that several factors have effect on policy making in this sector, including legislative, executive, economic, social-cultural, media and structural factors. Therefore, in order to overcome the current conditions and improve the situation of educational sports for people with disabilities, the rules and regulations must be revised and the main guardian of educational sports should be identified, and capable people with disabilities should be used in the executive and management field.

Extensive changes in the business environment have made organizations always look for new ways to gain and improve competitive advantage. One of the important strategic elements in the business activities of many modern organizations is social responsibility. The aim of the current research was to investigate how to build brand equity based on social responsibility measures with the mediation of dual social identity with a multi-group analysis approach.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey type of research. The statistical population included fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis clubs, and 280 of them participated in this research. The data collection tool was Liu & et al (2019) social responsibility questionnaire, Kim & Manoli's (2020) social identity, and Wang & Tang's (2018) characteristic value. Content and form validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by asking the opinions of sports management professors, construct validity using convergent and divergent validity, and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and structural equation model and spss 26 and pls3 software were used for statistical analysis.

In this study, 201 men and 79 women; Esteghlal team participated with 169 fans, Persepolis with 111 fans Structural equation analysis showed that social responsibility has a significant effect on team identity, online identity and brand equity and the mediating role of social identity in relation to social responsibility and special value was also confirmed. In addition, in the findings related to multi-group analysis of Esteghlal and Persepolis teams, except for the social responsibility path with online identity, there was no significant difference between the paths.

According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that promoting and improving the image of the team's social responsibility in the eyes of the fans is necessary to strengthen the social identity (team identity and online social identity) and promote the special value of the sports brand. The correct attitude of high-level football managers towards social responsibility, followed by the structured and strategic planning of social responsibility and the creation of a social responsibility management system and the allocation of separate budgets for social activities in football will prepare the conditions for social actions by football.

This paper aimed to reduce the tort law of sports and youth organizations in incidents that occurred during sports activities.

This research had a qualitative approach that was carried out by the Grounded Theory. The statistical population included professors of sports management who were knowledgeable about sports law issues, official judicial experts in sports events, and the authorities of sports and youth organizations of Isfahan province. Sampling was done purposefully using the snowball method. The obtained data were analyzed and then investigated using three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. In the three stages of coding, the main and sub-categories were identified and related to each other.

The results showed that in tort law of sports and youth organizations in sports incidents, causal conditions include non-compliance with standards and non-compliance with laws and regulations, underlying conditions include lack of awareness, negligence in supervision, poor technical management, poor human resources management, and lack of liability insurance, and intervening conditions include individual factors, organizational factors, legal factors, and environmental factors. Also, to reduce the tort law of sports and youth organizations, the strategies include training, information, preventive measures, and privatization, and the implementation of these strategies would result in many financial (such as cost reductions) and non-financial (such as improving performance and organizational effectiveness) consequences.

 It is necessary that the authorities of sports and youth organizations launch some activities to reduce their tort law related to sports events, by increasing awareness of the rules and regulations of sports law and informing others, increasing the supervision of the sports facilities, infrastructure standardization, educating, and taking preventive measures.

As a key element in the sport-related domains, social capital is a completely known issue. As one of the most important community-oriented environments, the sport-recreation clubs have now turned into unique focal points for the facilitation of social capital. Accordingly, the study at hand was carried out first to extract and then to analyze the relationships of the factors facilitating social capital in sport-recreation clubs. This study was done using a sequential mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, a systematic review was used to collect data, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire based on the multi-criteria decision making method (in fact, the expert DEAMTEL questionnaire) was used to this end. The results of the systematic review showed that the five factors of trust, friendly environment, horizontal governance, common goals, and norms are the significant patterns of social capital facilitation. Among these factors, the horizontal governance has the strongest effect, followed by friendly environment, trust, common goals, and norms. According to the cause-effect diagram, norms and horizontal governance were shown to be causal factors and friendly environment, trust, and common goals to be non-causal factors. The extracted semantic patterns can form a distinctive conceptual model/instrument for sport-recreation clubs to help them fully enjoy social capital and the benefits related to it.

 Civil liability is one of the important legal issues that in addition to the injured party and the person causing the damage, also has a special function and importance from society's point of view. The aim of this study was to investigate the civil liability of sports clubs during the Covid 19 virus epidemic. This research was conducted qualitatively using the content analysis method. The statistical population of the study were Law and sports law experts, sports management professors familiar with sports law topics, Official experts of the judiciary in sports incidents, and coaches and club officials. Sampling was done purposefully and theoretically. The data collection tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. In this research, the researcher reached theoretical saturation after 9 interviews, but 3 more interviews were conducted to increase the reliability. MAXQDA software version 10 was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that the civil liability of sports clubs during the covid 19 virus epidemic included adherence to safety and health requirements and deterrent measures, which worked well in the first two cases, but in relation to preventive action, no specific activity has been performed. Given the findings of the research and the fact that not taking preventive activities can have legal consequences for clubs, provide the necessary knowledge and training in this area and the responsibilities that may be for coaches and club officials, seems necessary to create.

The purpose of this study was to present a meta-analysis of the studies on the antecedents and consequences of social capital in sports. This study relied on the meta-analysis method to systematically summarize the previous related studies, extract and count their themes, and bring together their findings. The statistical population of the study included articles published in scientific-promotional-research Iranian journals on social capital. The research method was quantitative meta-analysis. From among the valid studies, 34 documents were selected as the sample based on their quality, validity, and meta-analytical criteria. The selected papers were analyzed using MED CLAC software. The research instrument was meta-analysis checklist, while Cohen’s d was used to attain the overall relationship value, Cochran (Q) and heterogeneity statistics were used to determine the homogeneity and the degree of homogeneity, and Egger test was applied to determine the publication bias. According to the obtained findings, 24 antecedents and 20 consequences related to social capital in sports were identified. The diversity of independent and dependent constructs indicates that social capital is a popular and important social capital in sport studies. Therefore, attention to sport policymakers, officials, and managers seems to be necessary for the creation, maintenance, and improvement of this issue as a strategic capability.

Fatigue is one of the most important factors affecting the occurrence of  sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of functional fatigue on the  position sense of ankle joint on female futsal players. In this semi experimental study, 22 female futsal students of Isfahan  University with the mean and standard deviation of age 20 ± 1.8 years, weight 57 ± 2.40 kg, and height  161.5 ± 5.73 cm were selected as the study samples using convenient sampling technique.  Functional futsal fatigue was maked with Bangsbo modified futsal fatigue protocol. position sense of  ankle joint was measured with Isokinetic Biodex set in 15degree inversion and eversion and fatigue  with borg scale before and immediately after of doing protocol. Data was analyzed with dependent T  test and significance level of (p= 0/05). The results showed after fatigue, error rate of the players has significantly increased in the  reconstruction of the angle. Based on the information obtained from the Borg scale, the fatigue of  players in the post test (17.81±2.2) was significantly more than pretest (7±0.81). (P=0.000& Es=1.54). fatigue makes change in position sense of ankle joint.In present study used from modified futsal fatigue protocol for made fatigue in participant. The result showed after doing fatigue protocol, increased error rate of position sense. Therefore probability of injured increased.

Fatigue is one of the most important factors affecting the balance in athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of functional fatigue on static and dynamic balance on female futsal players.

In this semi experimental study, 22 female futsal students with the mean and standard deviation of age 20 ± 1.8 (y), weight 54 ± 2.40 (kg), and height 161.5 ± 5.73 (cm) were selected as the study samples using convenient sampling technique. Functional futsal fatigue was maked with Bangsbo modified semi futsal fatigue protocol. Static and dynamic balance were measured with foot scan set and fatigue with Borg scale before and immediately after of doing protocol. Data was analyzed with dependent T test and significance level of (P=0/05).

Fatigue rate (P=0/000 & ES=1/54),static balance fluctuation rate of pressure center in axes of anterior- posterior (P=0/007 & ES=0/59) and lateral- medial (P=0/014 & ES=0/68) and dynamic balance fluctuation rate of pressure center in axes of anterior- posterior (P=0/000 & ES=0/042) and lateral- medial (P=0/047 & ES= 0/016) were significantly different from pretest.

The results of present research showed functional fatigue increases the fluctuation of pressure center and consequently reduce the balance. This means that at the end of the futsal game, the chance is more likely to be injured.