مهندس شیوا مطلب زاده

Spatial segregation is one of the most important challenges in urban area, which is more noticeable in merged villages into cities. During merging, these villages mostly become a problematic and isolated neighbor of the cities. True understanding of spatial segregation is essential to control the consequences of merging in these areas. The aim of this paper is to explain the factors of spatial segregation in rural-urban areas. According to the findings, elements of spatial segregation varied at different scales and from place to place. This phenomenon was affected by two factors, including: external factors (political, management, location and time) and internal factors (sociocultural, economic and physical factors) (open coding). For better factor classification and to facilitate their analysis in future researches, after open coding, internal factors were defined at the two levels using axial coding and variable, index and metrics type items were identified and completed. The results showed, that factors could overlap, contradict or reinforce each other. The dichotomy of urban and rural systems, poor planning, poverty of residents, unemployment, lack of services, low quality of public transport and incomplete infrastructures of rural-urban areas as well as lack of urban management system are the most important factors with the most repetition. These factors should be mentioned as the prior programs to eliminate spatial segregation in different rural-urban areas.

Registration of a city in the list of the World Heritage provides an unparalleled opportunity for the development of that city. Parallel with this opportunity, there are also some challenges in the field of land use that, if not thought over properly, can lead to adverse effects and destruction of valuable world heritage. In this regard, the present study tries to futurize the land uses in Yazd through formulating and analyzing the  scenarios of land use change and pave the way for their world registration. The research method is analytical based on the scenario technique using the Mick Mac software and wizard scenario. The results show that among the 69 factors identified in eight fields of social, economic, cultural, environmental, spatial / physical, political, accessability, and functional areas, 14 variables can be considered as the most important driving factors of the land use change in the field of  world heritage registration  of Yazd. Among these factors, the existing capacities of land has the most impact on land use change and after that conservation, rules and regulations, access to services, population, distribution of functions, outreach plans, employment in the service sector, quantitative and qualitative status of tourism services, land value, water resources, security, access to the road network, and participation have had the greatest direct impact. The atmospheres which the impact of these drivers will have on  the future of land use in the world heritage area are classified into three scenarios of conservation, development, and decline.  The first scenario as the selected one, considering the principles of conservation and suggestions of the superordinate plan and observing the laws and regulations, will improve the other factors and bring a good future for the world heritage registration.