مقالات رزومه دکتر حامد چهارسوقی امین

This research was out with the aim of analyzing the context for ICT development among environmental organizations in Ilam Province. The statistical population of this research was 20,000 individuals as members of environmental organizations, of whom 376 individuals were selected using Cochran's formula and studied through proportional stratified random sampling and questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and to ensure its content validity, the panel of subject experts was used (α= 0.93). Data analysis was implemented using SPSSv22 statistical software. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that infrastructural, economic, educational, technical-advisory and supportive factors were the main fields of ICT technology development in the target sample. The results of the regression analysis also showed that infrastructural, supportive and technical-advisory factors entered the regression equation in the first to third steps, respectively, and had the greatest effect in explaining the variance of the dependent variable "technology development".

This research aims to investigate the role of the National Standard Organization on the development of the green economy. The current research was conducted using exploratory qualitative and thematic analysis method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The data obtained from the interviews conducted on 16 academic experts and executive organizations were collected in the three main stages of coding until theoretical saturation is reached. 12 organizing themes, 31 basic themes and 224 sub-categories were identified and discovered. The results of the research led to the formation of 12 topics for organizing green transportation, optimal and effective management of renewable energy resources, healthy agriculture without causing environmental damage, green construction, waste management, renewable energy, water facilities, and green organization and resources, the requirements of greening the economy, building a culture based on green education and research, environmental and risk management, market-oriented technologies. Based on these themes, the role model of the National Standard Organization in the development of the green economy was presented.

The present study aims to provide an appropriate model for handling losses in production cooperatives of Ilam province by consulting with experts in the field of cooperation and agriculture. To this aim, 24 experts in the field of agriculture and cooperation were selected based on purposive sampling. The data were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews. Then, an appropriate model was presented for handling losses in production cooperatives using grounded theory. Based on the results, this model includes the existence of deficiencies in economic, political, educational, international, infrastructural, socio-cultural, and skill dimensions; losses of companies, along with weak government support, intervening in cooperatives affairs, and strengthening the education-oriented culture of cooperative and collective activities; long inefficient organizational structure of the companies, lack of competitiveness with brokers in a volatile market, and traditional non-scientific management of companies; strengthening government-based organizational communications based on effective market-oriented training; and accelerating the process of rural and agricultural development under promoting the brand value of the companies and their revenue generation and competitiveness. Developing and implementing a model for handling losses in production cooperatives depends on the superior management of their components. The results indicated that the model for handling losses in production cooperatives can be classified into 100 mental concepts, 65 sub-categories, and 6 main categories. In addition, the results can increase the awareness of activists and researchers in the field of cooperative activities regarding the mechanisms, background, causes, interveners, and consequences of designing a model for handling losses in production cooperatives

this study was conducted with the aim to identify the educational promoter and deterrent affecting the successful management of agricultural knowledge-based companies in the west of the Iran for development in the summer of 2020; it was done qualitatively and with the method of Grounded theory. In order to identify the components From in-depth solo interviews Used with the Managing Director of knowledge-based agricultural companies in the west of the country (N = 45) Which was obtained after interviews with 21 Managing Director. The selection of Managing Director for the interview was purposeful and judgmental. Data analysis by line-by-line analysis and in the form of conventional content analysis using MAXQDA12 software Leads to the identification of 26 main components In the form of 4 categories of Educational factors In the field of marketing, Cultural, Entrepreneurship And technical-specialized as Promoter. Educational deterrent affecting the successful management of agricultural knowledge-based companies also includes 25 main components in the form of 4 categories Barriers to vocational training were central knowledge, communication and management. The main educational promoters with the highest frequency of repetition by the respondents Establishment of professional research centers to train Managing Director in conducting applied research and training on how to conduct applied research in knowledge-based agricultural companies; Two barriers to the lack of entrepreneurial skills among managing director and lack of knowledge of technologies produced in universities with the highest frequency of repetition were identified as the main obstacles.

The purpose of this study was to design an adaptive capacity model of wheat farmers in Mehran city in confronting with particulate matter and its effective factors. The statistical population included wheat farmers in Mehran city including 315 people for 14,500 hectares of wheat lands. The sample size was estimated 173 of wheat farmers using the Cochran formula which increased to 180 to enhance the accuracy of the calculation. The random sampling method was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Bootstraping technique was used to evaluate the significance of path coefficients. Educational-extension mechanism (path coefficient = 0.446 and t-value = 3.409) and agronomic mechanism (path coefficient = 0.428 and t-value = 2.470) show a significant effect on adaptation to fine dust phenomenon have given. While the effect of managerial mechanism (path coefficient = 0.153 and t-value = 1.391), technical mechanism (path coefficient = 0.118 and t-value = 0.637) in this regard was not significant. Factors such as lack or lack of awareness, education and communication and extension weakness, conducting research without considering the adaptation and needs assessment and not simplifying their results for farmers, not considering the required credit and capital, not paying attention to adaptation to the phenomenon of fine dust. As a necessity, the lack of infrastructure to pave the way for implementation of activities compatible with the phenomenon of fine dust and the disproportionate tariffs for agricultural insurance can play a significant role in the non-significance of these mechanisms. However, the structure of adaptation to the fine dust phenomenon directly and the mechanisms related to it indirectly had very significant and significant effects on the adaptability.

Agriculture and horticulture have always been risky occupations, and the development of mechanization, despite reducing the difficulties of agricultural activities and increasing production, has caused numerous occupational injuries for farmers and gardeners. Therefore, this study aimed to prioritize and analyze the effective factors on gardenerschr('39') occupational health in Ilam, Iran.

This applied research was conducted quantitatively based on a causal relationship method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all gardeners in Ilam province (n=6711). The sample size was determined at 405 people using the sampling table of Bartlett et al. and stratified random sampling method.

According to the results of factor analysis, the components affecting the gardenerschr('39') occupational health included supportive, economic, environmental and occupational, personal, professional, and educational factors. Path analysis findings using AMOS vol.23 software also showed that supportive factors had the greatest impact on gardenerschr('39') occupational health, followed by economic, environmental and occupational, personal, professional, and educational factors.

Considering the findings of the present study and the effect of supportive factors on gardenerschr('39') occupational health as the most priority factor, it can be concluded that the occupational injuries of gardeners can be significantly reduced by increasing government support through providing financial incentives, subsidies, as well as long-term and low-interest facilities to develop and increase the health and safety of gardens and greenhouses.

Present causal-correlational research was conducted with the main purpose of analyzing factors affecting reduction of agricultural occupational injuries among gardeners of Ilam province. The statistical population of this study was consisted of all gardeners in Ilam province (N= 6711). The sample size (n= 405) was determined using the Bartlett's sample size table and the samples were selected through and stratified random method with proportional assignment. Data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Running path analysis using AMOS23 statistical package proved that the variable gardeners' participation in occupational safety and health training courses (β= 0.80) had the greatest impact on reducing agricultural occupational injuries among gardeners of Ilam province. It should also be mentioned that variables horticultural education level (β= 0.69), horticultural income (β= 0.68), safety knowledge (β= 0.67), experience of horticultural activity (β= 0.64), Garden's size (β= 0.60), and gardener age (β = 0.59) were the next most powerful predictors of reducing agricultural occupational injuries, respectively.

This research aimed to investigating the role of extension education in developing thepastures insurance in view of Agricultural Insurance Fund experts, in Ilam province andwith overall framework by manner of survey research being preformed . The statisti￾cal population of this research was composed of 70 Agricultural Insurance experts inwhich by method of census and using questionnaire have been preformed. The validityof questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and to determine the reliabilityof different parts of the questionnaire Cronbachs' alpha coefficient (0.85>α>0.92) wasused. Data analyzing have done using SPSS v20. Multiple Regression analyzing results,step by step in order to examining the role of independent variable in determining de￾pendent variable of developing pasture insurance, shows that independent variables ofextension education methods and development of educational planning was determinedin first and second steps by putting it into regression equation in which close to about%38.5 of dependent variable of variance of developing pasture insurance was explainedand determined .

Ilam is a disaster-prone province in terms of road accidents. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of rescue and relief posts in reducing the number of deaths and casualties in Ilam roads. In this cross sectional study, all drivers (N=1040) on the Ilam roads (bus, cab, minibus) were studied. By using self-administrated questionnaire, about 282 persons were selected based on stratified random sampling. The validity and reliability was tested based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. (0/80). According to the findings, there is a positive and significant relationship between geographical, human, social-educational and logistical factors of rescue and relief roads posts with reducing the number of injuries and casualties in Ilam roads (0.83≤rs≤0.71; p=0.000). The results showed that equipping and modernization of rescue & relief roads posts can have a positive impact on reducing road accidents in different point of views of vehicle drivers in Ilam province.

This research has done with the aim of investigating effective factors oncitrus farmer's satisfaction regarding performance of agricultural productsinsurance fund in Ilam province and in general framework of surveyresearch. The statistical population of present paper are all citrus farmerswho have made to insure their products (n=97) which were conducted ofthe census method. Data were collected using a questionnaire that itscontent validity was confirmed by panel of experts included facultymember and agricultural products insurance fund. Also, Cronbach's Alphacoefficient was in some interval (0.92-0.96) that indicates the reliability.Data analysis has done using SPSSv22 software. Correct behavior insuranceexperts was as the main items affecting on the satisfaction of citrusfarmers. Also, results of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicatedthat ability and quickness of action of fund in paying for compensation tocitrus farmers, annual household income, times of receiving loan andBanking facilities and times of participating in educational-extensioncourses, 58.6% of variance in the dependent variable (satisfaction of citrusfarmers) have expressed.

Ilam province is one of the disaster prone areas in the country. So، this study aims to investigate factors influencing the effectiveness of rescue & relief teams in order to respond to disasters took place in the province. In this cross-correlation and applied survey، all active and volunteer rescuers and relief workers (about 728) with different relief degree were studied through Morgan and Krejcie table. About 258 persons were selected by using stratified random sampling and self-administrated questionnaire. The reliability and validity were confirmed through Cronbach''s alpha (0/87). According to the findings، there was a positive and significance relationship between rescue and relief team members’ collaboration times and their effects and duration of training with their effectiveness (p=0/000 and rs=0/676). Also، the items such as gender، marital status، place of residence، participation in rescue & relief operation، educational degree and type of group activity influence on rescue & relief teams’ effectiveness. According to the results، the following variables should be consider in the planning of rescue and relief teams such as rescue and relief teams members’ collaboration times with Red Crescent society; duration of training; members’ continuous participation in rescue and relief operation

The purpose of this study was to investigate associated factors toward the tendency of senior students of agricultural majors in Ilam province toward employment in cooperative sector. A descriptive correlational research design was used to conduct this research..The target population (N=1100) included senior students of agricultural majors in Ilam universities (Ilam university, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, and Payame - e Noor University).A stratified sampling technique was used to select the samples (n=285)for this research.The required data was collected through a questionnaire in which its face validity confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was also confirmed by implementing a pilot-test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated to establish the internal consistency of the attitudinal scale was between 0.76- 0.90. To achieve the objectives, researchers asked seniors whether or not they were interested in employment at cooperative sector. About 65 percent of the respondents showed tendency toward employment in the cooperative sector. The results of correlational analysis showed that there was a negative relationship between variables of age and obstacles hampering the development of specialized agricultural cooperatives with the variable of respondent's tendency to employment in cooperative sector. On the other hand, there was positive relationship between the variables of the amount of granting essential incentives for formation specialized agricultural cooperatives and the level of respondent's knowledge about cooperatives. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that in developing specialized agricultural cooperatives, the level of respondent's knowledge about cooperatives and the amount of granting essential incentives for formation of mentioned cooperatives, explained 54 percent of obtained changes on dependent variable of tendency to employment in cooperative sector.

The purpose of this study was to investigate tendency of the rural youth toward agricultural employment، so by prediction of their behavior of selection or non-selection of this job as a career، realistic planning can be carried out in the fields of agriculture and rural development and rural youth employment programs. This is an applied، causal-relative research type and its methodology was survey type. The statistical population of this study were all the rural youth aged between 15 to 24 years old who are living in rural areas in Ilam city (N =3562) from which using Cochran formula for sample volume determination and random sampling، a sample with probability proportionate to the size of 350 individuals was selected. To collect data from this statistical sample، closed questions questionnaire was used. To determine the content (faced) validity of the instrument، reviewed by apanel of experts. Also، to determine the questionnaire reliability، Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was calculated in frame of pilot study with 30 individual rural youth in Iyvan township which was acceptable for the present study (α = 0. 84). The results of this study showed that the overall tendencies of the rural youth are moderate. Also، based on regression analysis، the most important variables affecting on the rural youth tendencies toward employment in agricultural careers (dependent variable) are respectively as follows: their knowledge of agricultural occupation، family income from agricultural production، the level of government support for the rural youth employment in agricultural section. In total، these variables could explain 66. 5% of dependent variance of the study

The main objective of the present research is to investigate effective educational and extension methods in managing the wheat waste reduction by wheat farmers of Ilam province during drought conditions. This research was an applied type research and survey, descriptive correlation methods was used. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all wheat farmers of Ilam province (N=45000) and 165 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. The data were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire and its reliability was measured by using Cronbach Alpha (0.95). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between attending extension and educational classes, manager's attention to damaged wheat farmers view point toward drought conditions in recent years, presenting appropriate solutions to reduce wheat waste in drought conditions and dependent variable. According to multiple regression analysis, 39 percent of the changes in dependent variable were explained by two variables of manager's attention to damaged wheat farmers point of view toward drought conditions in recent years and attending extension and educational classes.

This study has investigated wheat farmer's attitude toward extension performance of advisory services corporats through a survey research applying descriptive and correlative method. A questionnaire was used to collect data and dada were analyzed using SPSS/Win16. Face validity of the questionnaire was achieved by a panel of experts in the field of agricultural extension and education. A pilot test was conducted to determinereliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for the questionnaire (α= 0.86). The statistical population for this study consisted of 2773 wheat farmers. By a cluster sampling method, 322 farmers were selected as research sample. Results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between variables, such as work records in agriculture, rate of income, rate of contact with farm specialists, rate of participation in extension and educational courses, level of education, relation between extension courses with educational needs, wheat farmers satisfaction of extension and educational courses from the perspective of wheat farmers toward extension performance of advisory services corporats. According to multiple regression analysis; level of education, work records in agriculture, wheat farmers satisfaction of extension and educational courses, rate of wheat production, rate of income and rate of contact with farm specialists explained 33 percentage of the perspective of wheat farmers toward extension performance of c advisory services companies.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness wheat self sufficiency plan from the point of view of agricultural advisor specialists in Ilam province. Descriptive-correlation method was used in this study. The sample population of the study was 135 advisors who participated in the plan within 2001-2006. The instrument (questionnaires) validity was confirmed and corrected based on opinion of a panel of experts. A reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach's alpha coefficient value was measured to be 0.89. The result of Spearman correlations test show that there was a positive relationship between dependent variable and contacts of advisors with farmers, using educational tools, the attitude of advisors regarding plan, advisors contacts with educational centers, using different educational methods by advisors, the number of farmers under coverage of advisors, technical support of department of agriculture, the amount of land under advisor’s supervision, knowledge about plan’s problems and obstacles as independent variables.

Ilam was considered as a disaster-prone province of the country. Therefore، this research aimed to study people''s attitude towards current disasters. This applicable and descriptive research was surveyed young people of Ilam province age 15-29 (N=209893). About 360 persons were selected by stratified sampling from various townships. Using researcher-made questionnaire، the research validity and reliability were confirmed by Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient 0/80%. Programs and services of Red Crescent society weren''t successful in responders'' attitude improvement. So، the programs should be reviewed and revised. In order to increase and improve people''s attitude some practical solutions should be submitted.

The research was descriptive-analytic and was performed with a relative - causal method. The population of this study were rice-field women, over 25 years old, who are living in Sangachin and Abkenar villages - located in Chaharfarizeh County - and Lijareky Hasanroud and Talebabad villages - located in Lijareky Hasanroud county. In this research, 275 people were randomly selected with systematic sampling method. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient by SPSS and it calculated as 0.80. The descriptive findings of study showed that the highest of field-rice women participation was in weeding and generally, they are observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. The analytical finding showed that there was significant difference (P<%1) between the mean of observing sustainability criteria in agriculture, regarding the research's villages, level of education, kind of ownership to rice-field and kind of used seed. Also, there was positive correlation (p=%99) between age, years of experience in rice-field, the amount of rice production, rice-field size, the amount of social participation and rice-field annual income with observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. But there exists negative correlation (p=%99) between the amount of rice-field participation and number of household members with observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. The amount of rice production and rice-field annual income as independent variables had the main role in explaining dependent variable.