مهران رفیعی

Statement of the Problem: 

The Peri-Urban sometimes referred to as the urban fringe can overcome the urban form and challenges of 21st century spatial planning. In industrialized or post-industrialized countries, Peri-urbn is the realm of economic, social, and spatial transformation, while in newly industrialized and most developing countries, it is often a chaotic metropolitan area that causes dispersal and uncoordinated development. Because the reflection of centrifugal forces affects the emergence of a gradual process of redistribution of population, activity and body of a city. Due to the lack of necessary conditions to guide the spatial structure in a specific and pre-planned way, it has led to the development and deployment of unplanned population and activities throughout the metropolitan area of Tehran. These issues have led to the emergence of a special spatial form in the metropolitan area of Tehran, which has resulted in the scattering of housing and activities in an aimless and unplanned manner around the metropolis of Tehran.The establishment of these areas in agricultural lands and around communication axes has led to the destruction of green spaces, gardens and lands in the region, as well as environmental areas, which, incidentally, we have to think more about preserving. In addition, the lack of service centers and spaces, as well as the imposition of heavy traffic on the communication axes of these areas, has led to dissatisfaction and will cause more pressure on residents. Of course, it is worth mentioning that with the unplanned increase of residential units in different types and under different names in these areas, without coordinated planning to create other services and facilities needed by citizens, we will see various problems even in planned cities and metropolises.

Because peri-urban areas have lower population densities than urban standards, the presence of scattered settlements, dependence on commuting vehicles, fragmented communities, and a lack of spatial oversight have resulted in these areas. Therefore, familiarity, study and explanation of the concept of less paid category in the urban planning system of Iran called Peri-urban and also explanation of modeling to study the formation of Peri-urban areas based on intelligent land use analysis is one of the main objectives of this study.

With an analytical-descriptive approach, following the research on how to implement the land use analysis model to identify peri-urban areas and related issues, using GIS analytical tools based on the LUCIS intelligent land use analysis model and other related cases are examined and analyzed. Accordingly, in order to study the development of Islamshahr city and to create buffer zones between Tehran metropolis and this city, an area of 8 km around the main core of Islamshahr city and the border of Tehran metropolitan area 18 has been considered as a study area of peri-urban study. This area, as the immediate lands within the legal boundaries of the city of Islamshahr and with the approval of the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture of Iran, is within the common territory of the metropolis of Tehran.On the other hand, the process of land use suitability modeling is an analytical process that determines the competencies and capabilities of a certain unit of land for a specific land use. In this process, first the goals and objectives are clearly stated and then the necessary classes, criteria and conditions are defined and then the land is evaluated. In this planning model, the main classes of the model include agricultural, conservation and urban uses. Each of these user classes is itself subdivided into more detailed uses.

Urban use in the study area, with the exception of limited areas in the southeastern part that have low priority and desirability for the development of urban use and the creation of peri-urban areas; The rest of the study areas, due to the high weight assigned to residential areas in the composition of the raster layers, have the ability to create urban residential areas in the form of peri-urban in the study area. Most of the existing lands in the field of industrial areas have a low value to be allocated as urban land use and the creation of peri-urban areas. Because most of these lands are poor in terms of adequate housing facilities or have difficulty in accessing the main roads.In the case of agricultural use, with the exception of areas in the southeast and spots in the southwest that have low agricultural priority and desirability; Most of the studied areas, and further north and northeast, have a high priority for agricultural development. This indicates that the border between the city of Islamshahr and the metropolis of Tehran in the northern part has the potential to deal with agriculture. This capability is positively effective in creating and developing suburban areas in the study area. In the case of protective use, the band-shaped area from northwest to southeast is very valuable for designation as a protective use, and the reason can be found in the presence of the floodway in this part of the study area. Because from the eastern side of Islamshahr, there is a floodway that poses a risk of flooding in rainy seasons and times.

The model presented in this study identifies the spatial components and land use measures and policies including land use patterns and changes major agricultural, conservation and urban land uses in peri-urban areas without wasting time and at the lowest cost and the future growing changes of these three types of land use for the area between the metropolis of Tehran and the city of Islamshahr. Thus, while this research shows that Peri-urban is an intermediate in the definition of something, its nature is not entirely clear and the result is a combination of different forces at different scales. The presentation of this modeling, indicates that they can be used and tested to predict land uses in the formation of peri-urban areas around metropolises and also be further developed by other researchers in the future.

Peri-Urbanization (sometimes referred to as the urban fringe) may be a dominant urban form and spatial planning challenges of the 21st century. In industrialized or post-industrial countries, Peri-Urban is the domain of economic, social and spatial change, while in newly industrialized and most developing countries, it is often a chaotic urban region that causes disharmony and incoherent development. In both cases, in addition to some intercity and suburban outskirts, Peri-Urban can be considered a transitional zone and play a greater role as a functional territory. Although a clear and simple definition cannot be found for these areas, there are common features wherever such areas are found. Many global challenges arise from the ways that cities grow and change, especially the emerging mega-cities in developing countries such as Iran, where massive social and environmental problems can be found in their peri-urban hinterlands.

Because these areas have relatively low population density by urban standards, scattered settlements, high dependence on transport for commuting, fragmented communities and lack of spatial governance, Explaining the concept of Peri-urbanization and the factors affecting the creation and development of these areas the goals of this research.

In this research, with an analytical-descriptive approach, a general overview of the phenomenon of urbanization in the European and global concept was conducted. The content analysis method also examines the content of the internal studies conducted by concerning Peri-urbanization. Finally, by introducing a five-dimensional framework that has been adapted from a comprehensive and integrated global study on peri-urbanization to the general study of the theoretical foundations or literature of the subject was examined. To explain a general narrative of how the Peri-Urbanization settlement took place in the present era, considering all its dimensions.

The results of this study show how political, socio-economic and physical driving forces are influential in these areas and as a result of research, a framework for distinguishing the degrees of change in the Peri-Urbanization system from the perspective of different types of links, scales; Spatial development, transformation, resilience and governance will be outlined.