a. abbasi

In light of the physical expansion of Bushehr city, this study aims to evaluate the alignment of Bushehr's growth pattern with the multicore growth model..

The research, conducted in 2024, utilized both quantitative and qualitative approaches in Bushehr. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The primary focus of the questionnaire was to assess the key factors influencing the city's expansion and its structural condition. A total of 30 urban planning experts were selected for interviews using purposive sampling, and their responses were analyzed through coding, leading to the identification of key themes for questionnaire development. The questionnaire was divided into three sections to evaluate the city’s structural status, factors influencing Bushehr’s growth, and the compatibility of its growth elements with a multicore model. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88. The data was analyzed using the grey ranking method.

Bushehr’s growth pattern aligns with the multicore model. Among the essential elements of multicore growth, the presence of residential clusters at various locations received the highest rank, while the existence of dormitory suburbs on the outskirts of the city ranked fifth, with the lowest score. Overall, the assessment indicated that the city’s multicore growth elements are in favorable condition.

Bushehr is characterized by a multicore growth pattern, with natural constraints such as the sea and marshlands on one side, and military zones on the other, contributing to the dispersion of residential cores in the northern, southwestern, and southeastern parts of the city.

Postbiotics can be used as promising tools in ensuring food safety due to their safety, clinical and technological benefits. In the present study, chemical profiles, functional characteristics and antimicrobial activities of postbiotics from Lactobacillus casei against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated.

Profiles of the chemical compounds in postbiotics were assessed using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer. Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetry were used to assess total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the postbiotics. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using three methods of DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS free radical scavenging, and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching. Antimicrobial activity of the postbiotics was assessed by investigating the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration as well as measuring diameter of the inhibitory zones in the well diffusion method. The MTT test was carried out to assess safety profiles of the postbiotics.

Results of the chromatogram analysis verified presence of ten distinct biological compounds with antimicrobial effects. The postbiotic compounds included high concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid components. Based on the results from the microdilution method, concentrations of 40 and 60 μg/ml were reported as the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration, respectively. Moreover, the minimum and maximum zones of growth inhibition with diameters of 7 ± 23 mm and 29 ± 65 mm were linked to concentrations of 5 and 100 μg/ml, respectively. Based on the results of the safety assessment, postbiotics included no adverse effects on the growth and proliferation processes of the normal KDR cell line. Only for concentrations of 120 and 140 μg/ml within the 48-h period, significant decreases in cell viability were observed.

Postbiotics with safe characteristics and impressive biological activities, including antimicrobial activity, can be used for the development of functional foods.

Evaluating and monitoring the urban physical expansion structure to understand the development process and the problem is an important step toward optimal city management. This study aimed to investigate the physical expansion pattern of Bushehr city from 1984 to 2022.

This study is carried out in two parts in Bushehr city, 2022. The physical expansion structure of Bushehr city between 1984 to2022 was studied using satellite images. The impacts of urban growth were identified using field studies and desk studies and were analyzed using a questionnaire. The initial questionnaire was revised in two steps by the 30 experts. Content validity of the questionnaire was calculated using the opinions of 30 experts. The CVR and CVI of the questionnaire were higher than 60%. Then, the questionnaire was distributed among 250 urban management and planning experts in Bushehr city. The data were analyzed using the t-test and Vicor's weighting method.

The structure of Bushehr city has 4 main nucleus. The most important effects of this multi-nucleus development are summarized in economic, social, and environmental indicators and 16 dimensions. It is needed to pay attention to the dimensions of green space deterioration and energy efficiacy improvement in the environmental indicator, unique cultutal crafts protection and social integration along with local cooperation in the social indicators, and the promotion of tourism and functions' diversity in the economic indicator in order to solve the problems of the city's multi nucleus growth and optimal urban management.

The pattern of horizontal expansion of Bushehr city was a multi-nucleus structure.

This paper is presented to compare various wavy leading-edge protuberances on oscillating hydrofoil performance and power efficiency. The unsteady turbulent 3D flow simulations were carried out by using the StarCCM+ software. The 3D hydrofoil with a straight at the leading-edge is a NACA0015 section with a chord of 0.24 m and an aspect ratio of 7. Four new types of hydrofoils are proposed with wavy leading-edge protuberance. The RANS equations with the realizable k–ε turbulence model are used to predict the turbulent flow around the hydrofoil under different conditions. In order to validate, a comparison of the numerical results of the forces coefficients and power efficiency of non-protuberance oscillating hydrofoil are shown in good agreement with experimental data. Then, four new profiles on the leading-edge of the hydrofoils are simulated and many results of the pressure distribution, vorticity contour, streamline velocity, and power coefficient for five hydrofoil types are presented and discussed. It is concluded that the hydrofoil of Type-M can achieve constantly higher efficiency of over 46% by employing appropriate heave and pitch amplitudes.

In this work, laboratory-scale laser isotope separation of 13C by isotope-selective multi-photon dissociation of CF2HCl gas molecules has been done. To do this, the pulses of a tunable TEA CO2 laser, which have been shortened using a plasma shutter, were focused inside the irradiation cell with fluence in 50 J/cm2. The irradiation cell was filled with 10-20 mbar of CF2HCl gas with CF2HCl:He ratio of 1:5 and 1:10. It has been shown that the abundance of 13C in C2F4 product of dissociation increases with decreasing of the gas pressure and the number of the incident pulses. In these experiments, the highest abundance of 13C isotope was obtained with CF2HCl: He ratio of 1:5 and ten mbar pressure of CF2HCl gas, irradiated by 1500 pulses with 50 J/cm2 fluences.

Most anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur when the athlete’s attention is focused on performing tasks and cognitive challenges. Dysfunction of the performance and proprioception of the knee joint in the condition of divided attention exposes a person to ACL injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of neuromuscular training with dual cognitive tasks on the performance and proprioception of futsal players with dynamic knee valgus deficits.30 futsal players with dynamic knee valgus deficit (mean age: 21.86 ± 3.27 years, weight: 68.91 ± 99.55 kg, height: 175.6 ± 6.49 cm) were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups (control=15, experimental=15). In the pre-test, performance by tuck jump test and single leg triple hop test, as well as proprioception of the knee joint by digital imaging of the goniometric method were evaluated. The experimental group participated in a neuromuscular training program with dual cognitive tasks for eight weeks. Both groups performed a pre-test prior to the training period and performed a post-test two days after the training period in the experimental group. After data collection, univariate analysis of covariance and independent t-test were used to examine the means and differences between groups at a significant level (P≤0.05).The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the Tuck jump test (P = 0.001) and Single Leg Triple Hop Test (P = 0.001) between the subjects of the two groups in the post-test, so the experimental group performance was better than the control group. There was no significant difference in proprioception of the knee (P=0.459), however, the mean error of proprioception reconstruction was further improved in the experimental group.The results of the present study showed that performing neuromuscular training with dual cognitive tasks significantly improves performance and reduces knee proprioception error. Therefore, it is possible that combining neuromuscular training with dual cognitive tasks as a new training approach can be effective to prevent ACL injury.

Environmental issues in regional and extra-regional territories have acquired a geopolitical nature. The different power of each geographical environment has provided a different position for that region. This study aimed to investigate the natural and human factors affecting the environmental development of Fars province.
This descriptive-analytical research was done in 2022-23 in Fars province. Data were collected by a questionnaire, studying the research background, and the characteristics of the region. The list of criteria affecting the environmental development was prepared by evaluating expert opinions, and Vicor, Topsis and Shannon entropy methods were used for weighting and Copeland's method was used to determine the final weight of the criteria.
Four economic, social, environmental and cultural-tourism criteria were recognized as effective factors on the environmental development of Fars province. In the economic criterion, the factors of development of mines and factories, infrastructure, welfare level, technology, employment and domestic and foreign investment, in the environmental criteria, natural resource factors, water networks, communication networks, topography, distribution of population points and lakes and wetlands, in the social criterion, the factors of awareness and information level, population structure, environmental performance, ethno-cultural characteristics and education, and in the cultural-tourism criterion, foreign tourists, national antiquities, world monuments and domestic tourists have influenced the environmental development of Fars province, respectively.
In order to achieve environmental goals, it is necessary to plan the development of human and environmental capabilities to preserve the environment for future generations. The planning of each of the desired components causes a direct and indirect effect on other components.

This paper uses a meta-analysis to comparatively evaluate the factors related to fertility attitudes, desires, and intentions in Iranian studies. The analysis is based on 26 studies, 16 of which are about fertility desires and intentions, and 10 are about childbearing attitudes. The results suggest that several factors have negative effect on fertility desires and intentions such as: education; marriage age; number of children; social-economic participation; individualism; attitude to employment; foreign media and the internet. Age; rural living; income; religiosity; social protection; number of siblings; and life quality have positive effect on fertility desires and intentions. Among these factors, individualism (-0/296) and number of children (-0/224) have the most effect. The results also suggest that income and age difference between spouses have positive effect on childbearing attitude, whereas, cultural investment, education, social-economic status, age, and virtual networks have negative effect on childbearing attitudes, in which income (0/272) and age (0/258) have the most effect. Therefore, there are a lot of social factors which play important roles in determining childbearing in Iran and therefore, social planners need to pay attention to them.

In this paper, R is a commutative ring with a non-zero identity and M is a unital R-module. We introduce the comaximal colon ideal graph C ∗ (R) and colon submodule graph C ∗ (M); and study the interplay between the graph-theoretic properties and the corresponding algebraic structures. C ∗ (R) is a simple connected supergraph of the comaximal ideal graph C(R) with diam(C ∗ (R)) ≤ 2. Moreover, we prove that if |V(C ∗ (R)| ≥ 3, then gr(C ∗ (R)) = 3. We prove that if |Max(R)| = n, then C ∗ (R) containing a complete n-partite subgraph. Also if M is a finitely generated multiplication module, then C ∗ (R) ∼= C ∗ (M). Moreover, for Z-module Zn which n is not a prime, C ∗ (Zn) ∼= Kd(n), where d(n) is the number of all divisors of the positive integer n other than 1 and n.

To study the efficacy of Trifloxystrobin + fluopyram SC 500 (Luna® Sensation) and pyraclostrobin + boscalid WG 34.4% (Signum®) fungicides in controlling the cucumber gray mold disease, experiments were carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications under greenhouse conditions. Foliar application of experimental plots began with the onset of symptoms of disease and continued four times with an interval of 7 days. The results were expressed 7 days after the last spraying as the Disease Incidence Percent (DIP) in flowers and fruits for each plant.  Means were compared using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (P = 5%). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant difference between treatments but no interaction between fungicide treatments and locations. Mean comparison of treatments, revealed that Luna® Sensation at 0.4 and 0.5 m/L-1 along with Signum® at 1.25 and 1.5 g/L-1 showed 95, 89.8, 95, and 95 % reduction in the disease incidence on flowers respectively, compared to the water spraying control. In this study Diaconal at 3 ml/L-1 as standard fungicide showed only 44.3% efficacy on flower infections and 52.8% efficacy on fruit infections respectively. This study also revealed that, water spraying increased the disease incidence by 8.5% compared with no spraying control. Based on the results, the dose of 0.4 ml/L-1 of Luna® Sensation and 1.5 g/L-1 of Signum® fungicides are the most effective doses for foliar application at 7 day intervals for controlling the gray mold disease of cucumber under greenhouse condition.

We give a decomposition of total graphs on some finite commutative rings R = Zm, where the set of zero-divisors of R is not an ideal. In particular, we study the total graph T(􀀀(Z2npm))where p is a prime and m and n are positive integers and investigate some graph theoretical properties with some of its fundamental subgraphs.

Construction projects in the oil and gas sector require a heavy budget and a long construction time. As construction projects become larger and more complex, new planning methods are needed. The use of traditional planning methods for project management has not been responsive, and most projects face problems such as widespread delays, cost overruns, rework, wastage, and inadequate resource utilization. One of the challenges of oil and gas projects is the issue of delay and inadeqate resource utilization. Traditional planning techniques such as Critical Path Planning or PERT do not meet all linear projects' requirements. Planning for construction projects is often performed in a critical manner. In this way, the impact of resources and machinery is not well understood, and the uncertain nature of construction projects is not applied. In linear projects, similar activities are repeated in different positions. Pipeline construction projects require effective planning to ensure maximum utilization of resources and reduce time outage due to the constant movement of resources and machinery. Completing projects at a specified cost and time requires proper planning that the project can deliver on time. The current research introduces a framework to improve gas pipeline project planning using modern computer tools such as construction simulation. This framework aims to examine the impact of the number of resources on the project process, estimate realistic project duration, increase resource productivity, carefully evaluate construction operations, and ultimately reduce project time and cost. This framework would enable project employers and contractors to have greater flexibility in planning discussions and increase their supervisory capacity. The framework is presented in collaboration with the Iranian Gas Engineering and Development Company in the form of a case study of the Dehgolan to Miandoab gas transmission pipeline.

Mycorrhiza fungus is of special importance in organic agriculture and in relation to the coexistence of all root characteristics of the host plant is affected and also improves the water relationship in the host plant.  With application of mycorrhizal fungus, the plant absorbs soil water better and as a result, by increasing the relative moisture content of the leaves, the stomata are open for a longer time and carbon dioxide processing is done optimally, resulting in more photosynthesis, which ultimately leads to increased yield. The aim of this research in rainfed agriculture is to reduce the stresses on rainfed wheat. In rainfed wheat cultivation, the plant gets its water requirement from rainfall. In most cases, the plant water needs are not met in this way. Due to the reduction of grain yield of rain-fed barley cultivars, new achievements can be reached by investigating the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria on physiological and biochemical traits under rain-fed conditions. Considering that no research has been reported on the role of plant growth promoting bacteria on rainfed barley in the country and especially in Ilam province. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and physiological traits of rain-fed barley cultivars.
Materials and

In order to investigate the effect of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on some physiologic and biochemicaltraits of barley cultivars in rainfed conditions, a factorial field experiment was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental treatments including factor of barley cultivars (Mahali, Mahour, Khoram and Fardan) and fertilizer sources treatment including: control (without fertilizer source), 50% P fertilizer, mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Rhizophagus irregularis), mycorrhizal fungi + 50% P chemical fertilizer and 100% P chemical fertilizer.
Results and

The results of this experiment showed that the interaction between cultivar×fertilizer sources had a significant effect on the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and physiological properties. Fardan cultivar× mycorrhizal fungi +50% P chemical fertilizer increases the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (14.3 µmolmin-1 mg protein-1), gluthathion peroxidase (3.5 µmol.min-1 .mg protein-1), catalase (12.1 µmolmin-1 .mg protein-1), peroxidase (14.8 µmol.min-1 .mg protein-1), super oxid dismutas (25.4 µmol.min-1 .mg protein-1), chlorophyll a (3.5 mg.g-1 fresh weight), chlorophyll b (3.3 mg.g-1 fresh weight) and reduces malonde aldeyede (20.4 nmol.g fresh weigh leaf) and hydrogen Peroxide (0.26 mmol.g-1 FW) and Mahali cultivar× control treatment (without fertilizer sources) had the lowest activities of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and photosynthetic pigments.

The results of this study showed that in the dryland conditions of the region, physiological traits (leaf chlorophyll content) were significantly reduced in all studied barley cultivars. In this study, the maximum activity of hydrogen peroxide and malondealdeyede in the Mahali cultivar×control treatment was observed, but when inoculation was used with mycorrhizal fungus, observed an increase in physiological characteristics. Fardan cultivar×Mycorrhiza+50% P fertilizer with maximum activity of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide desmutase, catalase and peroxidase) which resulted in increased growth and yield. According to the results of this study, among the rainfed barley cultivars used, Fardan cultivar with mycorrhizal fungi +50% P fertilizer can be recommended in rainfed agriculture of the region.

Acknowledgements

This research was derived from a research project that was carried out at Sarablah Agricultural Research Station. Thanks to all the colleagues who accompanied and helped the authors during the implementation of this study.

Biofertilizers play a crucial role in soil fertility by dissolving stabilized phosphates and producing the nutrients needed for plant growth in the soil. One of the most important soil microorganisms is mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi, with their extensive hyphae network and increasing the level and speed of root uptake, increases the plant efficiency in nutrients, especially inactive elements such as phosphorus, and improves plant growth. Mycorrhiza fungi increase nutrient uptake of plants due to stimulation of root formation and subsequent increase in root level through the production of auxin and gibberellin hormones. By extending the root system, mycorrhizal fungi increase the total absorption surface of inoculated plants and thus improves crop plant access to water absorption. Considering the important and critical role of roots in crops, having sufficient information and understanding the morphological characteristics of the root system is important. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the role of the root system in the presence of mycorrhizal fungi in new barley cultivars in the Ilam region in rainfed conditions. In order to investigate the effect of inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi on the root system of barley cultivars in rainfed conditions, a factorial field experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental treatments were including barley cultivars (Mahali, Mahour, Khorram, and Fardan) and fertilizer sources treatment including control (without fertilizer), 50% P fertilizer, mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, and Rhizophagus irregularis), mycorrhizal fungi+50% P chemical fertilizer and 100% P chemical fertilizer. Root-related characteristics were measured inside the field at the pollination stage using a metal cylinder with dimensions of 30 cm in length and 2 cm in width, which had been pre-designed by hand. To measure grain yield after removing the marginal effects (50 cm from the beginning and end) were recorded for each plot. Statistical analysis of the data of this research project was done by SAS software, means were compared by Duncan’s multiple range test method, and graphs were prepared by Excel software This study showed that the interaction between cultivar× fertilizer sources was significant on the characteristics of rainfed barley roots. So that the maximum root length (76.6%), root volume (75.7%), root area (73.3%), root length density (76.8%), root tissue density (89.9%), root-specific mass (65.7%), and root surface area density (70.6%) was obtained from Fardan cultivar×mycorrhizal fungi+50% P chemical fertilizer compared to control treatment (without fertilizer source). It seems that the presence of mycorrhizal fungi has caused changes in root morphology so that the spread of mycorrhizal mycelium related to the internal tissues of the root has increased root length.  The results of this study showed that the use of mycorrhizal fungi increased root system and root morphological changes in new barley cultivars. What is clear and has been mentioned in the reports of other researchers is that the mycorrhizal fungi can gain maximum use of moisture and nutrient uptake by creating a strong rooting system in the host plant from the rhizosphere. Recent research has shown that Fardan cultivar in the presence of mycorrhiza fungi had maximum root length, root volume, root area, root length density, root tissue density, and finally, root surface area density, and when no fertilizer source was used, a large reduction in the rooting system was observed in all cultivars. Therefore, among the cultivars used, Fardan cultivar with co-consumption of mycorrhizal fungi and 50% of P fertilizer can cause the development of root system and ultimately increase grain yield in the region under dryland conditions.

Some aniline Derivatives as organic corrosion inhibitors were selected and the inhibition effects of these compounds was studied with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Some aniline derivatives containing substituted halides (except I), alkyls (methyl, isoporopyl and ter-butyl), OH, SH, NH2, OCH3 and NO2 were selected. For this purpose some electronic parameters such as EHOMO, ELUMO, the energy gap (ΔE), dipole moment (μ), electronegativity (χ), global hardness (η), the fraction of electrons transferred (ΔN) as well as the thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGᵒ ) and standard reduced potential (Eᵒ ) were calculated. In order to find optimized structures and determination of quantum chemical parameters related to corrosion, the calculations were performed by using Gaussian software with DFT/B3LYP method and 6- 311++G(d,p) basis set in the gaseous and aqueous phases. After performing the calculations, it was determined that the most appropriate position on the aniline ring is para position. The NH2 > OCH3 > OH > SH > aniline and halides < alkyls > NO2 order was obtained by comparing their inhibitory properties based on the ΔN and E° parameters. The results of the calculations of the derivatives containing methyl or methoxy groups and last experimental studies are in good agreement. Both studies show the order of inhibition for compounds as para> ortho> meta, confirming the validity of the calculations.

 Information and communication technology has created significant developments in all aspects of individual and collective life, so that in education it has brought birth and growth of e-learning, virtual and smart school One of the principles of e-learning processes is an independent learning that requires an independent learning training. The aim of this research was to provide students with opportunities to perform more productive interactions and develop their learning skills and to learn independently. The study compares self-regulatory skills and motivation of students in regular and electronic schools in the academic year 2017-2018. The research is applied considering its goal.

The present study consisted of all 12-grade male students of natural sciences in district 4 of Qom City, consisting 1,600 students who were selected based on random sampling method. The number of students was determined based on Morgan Table and 165 people were selected in e-schools and 142 in normal schools. The research instruments are two self-regulatory skills questionnaires which are organized in two parts: motivational beliefs and self-regulated learning strategies. Cognitive strategies consisted of repetition review, expansion strategy, organization strategy and comprehension strategy. Metacognitive strategies included planning, control, monitoring and regulation strategies; and other part, motivational beliefs included self-efficacy, goal orientation, internal evaluation and test anxiety. Hermes motivation questionnaire that differentiates people who need high progress and those who have low progression needs was also used. The results of the study were analyzed by analysis of variance and t-tests.  

 Considering the first hypothesis, the value of t was equal to 0.289 and the significance level was 0.003, and thus it is concluded that the mean of the academic achievement motivation scores in e-school is higher than normal school. With respect to the second hypothesis, considering that the value of t was 0.161 and the significance level was 0.002, it can be concluded that the average scores of using the cognitive strategies of smart school are higher than normal schools. Considering the third hypothesis, since the value of t is equal to 1.247 and the significance level of 0.000 was reported, it is shown that the average scores of using the metacognitive strategies of e-school are higher than the normal school. ‌

 using electronic learning tools in schools leads to improved self - regulation skills and motivation in students. E-schools provide good opportunities for self-motivated and active learning and engagement the learning process. The results of this research is in line with the results of other studies that the use of e-learning in schools has a significant effect on metacognitive skills (planning, monitoring, control and comprehension) and cognitive strategies (repetition, review, development and comprehension) in students and plays a great role in academic motivation and academic success. Electronic schools with the acquisition of modern tools of learning technology in deepening and understanding learning resulted in improving the process of information processing, the possibility of repeating and reviewing the learning content, the development of perceptual processes and solving it from various strategies and management of time and control, and planning of learning and learning activities in students.

Oak decline has occurred along the Zagros forest from 10 year ago. In the current study, situation of tree decline of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.( of Kohmareh Sorkhi, Fars was assessed. The two affected stands by dieback in north and south aspects were identified and then two plots with variable areas were set so that 100 individual trees can be found in each plot. Moreover, two unaffected stands in the same geographical aspects were found and the same plots set as controls. Then, tree dieback severity was classified into four groups including fully health trees, sign of dieback just in upper parts of branch, dieback into the crown but less than 50% and finally dieback into the crown but more than 50%. All the oak trees within the sample plots were classified according to the four groups. Also, some tree characteristics such as origin (seed or root), coppice number, DBH, height and leaf area and dry biomass were recorded for all the trees. Also, we measured soil moisture content in all the plots. According to the results, around 11% of the trees in each affected plot belonged to the severe tree dieback group. Most of the moderate and severe dried trees were occurred in medium classes of diameter and height and their distribution follow a bell-shaped. Furthermore, soil moisture content in control plots were higher than dieback plots. Mean of leaf area and biomass of control plots were greater than those affected plots by tree dieback. Totally, there was no any significant difference in tree dieback rate between north and south aspects but it seems that moisture level is one of the key factors in tree dieback prevalence.

Improvement of vitamin D status can lead to cardiovascular health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of daily consumption of fortified canola oil with 1000 IU of vitamin D on serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol and lipid profile of adults in Shiraz, Iran. 

In this double-blind randomized trial, a total of 99 adults were randomly categorized to three groups of a) fortified oil (received 25 g of canola oil fortified with 1000 IU vitamin D and placebo daily), b) supplement (received 25 g of plain oil and 1000 IU of vitamin D supplement daily), and c) control (received 25 g of plain oil and placebo daily). Dietary intakes, anthropometric indices, serum concentrations of vitamin D and lipid profiles were assessed at the baseline and after 12 weeks.

Daily vitamin D supplementation significantly increased serum vitamin D concentration, compared to control group (p = 0.002). In participants with normal vitamin D status, vitamin D levels significantly increased in fortified oil and supplement groups, compared to control group (p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences were seen in lipid profile concentrations within the three groups.

Consumption of vitamin D fortified canola oil is effective in maintaining vitamin D concentrations in people with normal vitamin D status with no beneficial or detrimental effects on lipid profiles.

Anthropometric indices, especially weight, provide useful information for the care and treatment of newborn infants and can be used to identify infants at risk. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the mean weight, height and head circumference measurements of infants and some related factors. 

This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the anthropometric indices (weight, height and head circumference), demographic characteristics, and delivery data of 1484 newborns in 2016 using multi-stage sampling. Moreover, the predictors of these indices were analyzed using a linear regression model. 

The mean weight, height and head circumference of the newborn infants was 3185 ± 465 g, 49.92 ± 2.92 cm, and 34.58 ± 2.29 cm respectively, and 7% of newborns were low birth weight. The male newborns weighed 57.29 g more than females on average at birth (p <0.05). Besides, the height and head circumference of the male newborns were 0.15 and 0.10 cm larger than the female newborns respectively but the difference was not statistically significant. In addition to gender, gestational age at birth (week) and type of delivery correlated with all three anthropometric indices in multivariate analysis. 

Identifying and controlling largely adjustable risk factors can make it possible to prevent low anthropometric parameters, particularly low birth weight.

Small and powerful promoters play a key role in recombinant protein expression in different hosts including Pichia pastoris. In the present study, expression of cellulase beta endoglucanase CMC3 gene was studied under the control of the alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) and methanol oxidase (MOX) promoters, with the methanol feeding, in the yeast Pichia pastoris. To avoid the gene dosage effect, colonies harbored single copy of target constructs were screened by Real-Time PCR method. The results of enzymatic assay, zymogaphy and SDS-PAGE for the culture of single copy harboring transformants showed powerful, comparable expression of CMC3 under the control of both MOX and AOX1 promoters. High-level expression of recombinant CMC3 under control of the MOX promoter indicated that this small, new powerful promoter could be considered as a promising tool for recombinant protein production in the yeast Pichia pastoris.

Rhizobacteria that benefit plants by stimulating growth and suppressing disease are called plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which includes rhizobia. In addition to nitrogen supply, rhizobia promote the growth of plant root system and improve nutritional uptake. In this research, for isolation and identification of rhizobacteria especially rhizobia in a symbiotic relation with non-cultivated legumes, 21 plant samples from 12 non-agricultural sites of Alborz province were collected. In order to isolate bacteria, serial dilutions were prepared from nodules, rhizosphere soil and roots. Bacteria were cultured and purified on YMA medium and morphological and biochemical characteristics of isolates were studied. In total, 16 purified strains were obtained. Bacterial DNA of all strains were extracted and 16S rRNA gene was amplified with specific primers using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Strains were identified by sequences of this gene and using EzTaxon database. All isolated strains in this research belonged to 12 species. PCR reactions were also done for atpD, nodA and nifH genes by specific primers. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum-likelihood statistical method and evolutionary distances were computed by using the Tamura-Nei model. Based on the obtained results from four strains of Ensifer meliloti which were isolated in this study, only Tal31 strain showed a higher growth with the increace of NaCl from one percent to two percent (w/v), therefore this strain is probably salt tolerant. This is the first time that Rhizobium laguerreae (Tal71) and Neorhizobium alkalisoli (Krj1) were isolated from root nodules of Trifolium pretense and Colutea buhsei respectively. These findings show that the host range of rhizobial strains are broader than it was estimated before.

Exercise training represents a successful and powerful strategy to prevent future cardiovascular disease. However, Studies have shown that acute exercise can increase serum concentrations of cardiac biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a session wrestling match with beta-alanine supplementation on some indicators of heart damage in elite wrestlers. 16 wrestlers as subjects (two men in each weight) were selected and purposefully they were divided into control and experimental groups. Supplement group consumption 1000 mg beta-alanine for 4 hours before the protocol. The training program includes a course of the match was simulated, the wrestler held four wrestling match at intervals of half-hour. The amount of 8 ml blood samples from the brachial vein before, immediately after and one hour after the exercise program were collected. Data were analyzed with using of t test and analysis of variance with repeated measures at α<0.05. The results showed that a session of wrestling match with beta-alanine supplementation had no significant effect on troponin I and troponin T (P=0.05). a session of wrestling match with beta-alanine supplementation were significantly increased CKmb and LDH (P=0.000). It seems indicators damage the heart (cardiac troponin I and T) to follow the intense activity and beta-alanine supplementation does not change in athletes with high fitness.

NLRP-3 Inflammasome is considered an indicator of chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which can result in secretion of IL-1β from adipose tissue. Despite numerous investigations on the underlying activation mechanisms of NLRP-3 in pathogenesis of T2DM, less attention has been paid to the impact of exercise on NLRP-3. Male stereptpzosin-induces diabetic rats (n=40) were randomly assigned to five groups (n=8): diabetic+ low intensity  endurance training (DL), diabetic+ moderate intensity endurance training (DM), diabetic+ high intensity endurance training (DH), non-diabetic with no training(CON), and diabetic with no training(D). Eight weeks of running (four sessions per week) with different intensities were completed. Western blotting method was used to measure NLRP3.  ELISA technique was used to assess serum levels of insulin and glucose. Results showed that expression of NLRP-3 protein were significantly lower in endurance DM (P<0.05) and endurance DH (P<0.05) groups against DL group. Caspase-1 expression was significantly lower in DL (P=0.001), DM (P<0.05), and DH (P<0.05) compared with D group. However, no significant different was found between the training groups. Serum insulin level was significantly lower in endurance DH group compared with endurance DL group (P<0.05).In comparison with D group, significant reduction of serum glucose was observed in endurance DL group (P<0.05), endurance DM (P<0.05), and endurance DH (P<0.05). It appears that training with high and moderate intensities induced positive modulation in NLRP-3 expression as well as improved glycemic factors levels.

This study, "Surveyeffects of historical films on the academic achievement of students in history lesson "  the third area of Qom was in fifth grade.The main purpose of it was to determine the efficacy of screening on their academic achievement is compared to the lecture.The population is students in the fifth grade.The number of them 1200 in 93-92 year .60 students were selected by multistage sampling method.The method of research, , quasi-experimental on 2 groups was tested.The reliability of the test, the test-retest method was used. The Rate of it is 85 percent.To answer the questions,of t- test was used.Surveyeffects of historical films have had an impact on student achievement.

A two-dimensional nanolayered polyoxomolybdate, [4,4´-H2bipy] [Mo7O22].H2O (1), where 4,4´-bipy = 4,4´-bipyridine, was prepared and characterized by FT-IR and atomic absorption spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic performance of 1 was assessed in the epoxidation of some olefins employing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and acetonitrile as solvent. Compound 1 showed moderate to excellent activity and selectivity towards the epoxidation of the olefins. Thermal, structural and catalytic stability of 1 as well as its reusability were examined. The effect of the catalyst amount and the nature of solvent on the activity of 1 were also investigated.