a. safari

Energy management (EM) in smart distribution networks (SDN) is to schedule the power transaction between the SDN and the existing distributed energy resources (DERs) e.g., distributed generations, especially renewable resources and electrical vehicles, from an eco-technical viewpoint. Due to the dual role of electric vehicles (EVs) acting as a power source and load, they presented both challenges and opportunities in EM. The complexity of EM increases as DERs become more prevalent in SDN. Moreover, the uncertainties of renewable resources, price, and load besides the uncertainties related to the place, amount, and time of EV’s charging makes EM a more intricate field. This supports the necessity of extensive tools and approaches to manage EM in SDNs. In this respect, this paper proposes an optimum scenario-based stochastic energy management scheme for intelligent distribution networks. The proposed approach is modeled as a MINLP problem and solved in GAMS software under the DICOPT solver. The test is conducted on a 33-bus SDN with and without factoring in uncertainties.

The army of the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed its approach due to the influence of the discourse of the Islamic revolution and, according to the interpretations of the Imams of the revolution, it has become completely different from the army before the revolution, and it was even described as revolutionary by Imam Khamenei. Therefore, knowing what the Imams of the Revolution, and in other words, the main commanders of the Islamic Revolutionary Forces, have in mind for the employees of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in their intellectual system, is necessary to build and maintain the Revolutionary Army. Therefore, in this article, using the library method and the tool of scanning and analyzing the content of Imam Khamenei's menu (Zolah Al-Ali), 67 indicators of the revolutionary army in the field of knowledge were extracted and in three dimensions "benefiting from empirical knowledge and skill" ", "Equipped with scientific abilities and working knowledge (specialized field)" and "Seriousness in education and research" were categorized.

 Drought is the most important limiting factor for the yield and quality of products in the world. Fertilizer application can mitigate drought stress in plants. Most farmers prefer to use inorganic (chemical) fertilizers because of their fast impact on plant growth. The reasonable cost of inorganic fertilizers and their availability are the other reasons. However, the long-term effects of organic fertilizers on plant growth and soil fertility has been proved. The grapevines are one of the most important garden products in the world as well as in Iran. It has been reported that the application of biochar has significant effects on soil fertility as well as plant growth. Biochars have properties such as highly porous structure, high specific surface area, higher water holding capacity of the soil, the long-term stability in the soil. In addition, our previous study indicated that it could decrease the hazard of sodium in soil compared with compost. In Iran, the cultivation area of grapevines was the second grade after the pistachio cultivation area in 2019. According to statistical data on agriculture in 2019, the cultivation area of irrigated and rain-fed grapevines in Kermanshah province was 7710 and 1515 ha, respectively. According to this report, the production of irrigated and rain-fed grapevines in Kermanshah province in 2019 was 82718 and 1763 tons, respectively. The effect of application of some inorganic and organic fertilizers under drought stress on yield, water use efficiency, and some biochemical characteristics of the grapevine leaves cultivar Bidane-Ghermez has been previously studied. In this research, the effect of drought stress and the application of potassium sulfate, compost, and biochar on antioxidant activities of the grapevine leaves cultivar Bidane-Ghermez was investigated.
 
A greenhouse study with a factorial experiment based on a block of randomized completely design was conducted with fertilizer treatments including control, potassium sulfate (1250 mg kg-1), compost (5% w/w), and biochar (10% w/w) without and with drought stress conditions (80 and 40% FC, respectively) during 2017-2018. For this research, the biochar was produced from apple tree pruning under low oxygen conditions by slow pyrolysis at 400 ◦C. The compost was purchased from the municipal compost factory of Kermanshah province. To evaluate drought stress and inorganic and organic fertilizers' application on antioxidant enzymes activities, the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and total soluble protein of grapevine leaves were determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the mean of studied characteristics was compared by Duncan’s test at 5% probability level using SAS software.
the results indicated that the interaction effect of fertilizers treatments and drought stress on the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities as well as total soluble protein was significant (P<0.01). Under drought stress conditions, among fertilizers’ treatments, the activity of superoxide dismutase for potassium sulfate was significantly lower than compost and biochar treatments (P<0.01). The results also showed that the peroxidase activity for compost was significantly higher than potassium sulfate and biochar treatments (P<0.01). Besides, the highest total soluble protein amount was found for biochar treatment (P<0.01).
 
 according to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the increase of total soluble protein of grapevine leaves under drought stress conditions by biochar application contributed to the increase of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities also increasing the bioavailability of macro-and micronutrients. Biochar application increased significantly the potassium concentration of the leaves of the grapevines. Potassium regulates water movement at the plant and also provides a higher relative water content of grapevine leaves. Moreover, potassium decreases the non-stomatal effects are also attributed to stomatal closure during drought stress conditions. Furthermore, potassium contributes to protein synthesis. Biochar application also increased the phosphorus, copper, and magnesium of the leaves of the grapevine. Higher concentration of phosphorus under drought stress conditions caused the grapevine leaves to suffer less from phosphorus deficiency. Copper exists in superoxide dismutase and is considered a key player in superoxide detoxification. Under drought stress conditions, higher manganese concentration by biochar application resulted in more protection of the cellular membrane against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). For fertilizer recommendation in order to reduce drought stress effects on some antioxidant enzymes activities of Bidane-Ghermez grapevine leaves, the application of biochar is recommended first then potassium sulfate and compost.

In the integrated electrical systems, frequency control service considering the electric vehicle (EV) aggregators could lead to time-varying delay in load frequency control (LFC) schemes. These delays influence the LFC system efficiency, and in some situations, the lack of a clear choice of a control strategy considering the time-varying delays causes power system instability. Thus, this paper illustrates different time-varying delays based on the stability of an LFC system in the EV aggregators presence. The LFC's delay-dependent stability study is executed for finding the stability region and, stability criteria is suggested using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) method and Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory. Also, Wirtinger-based improved inequality and bounding lemma are applied to compute the greatest allowable delay in the LFC system, including the EV aggregators.

Executing interruptible loads (ILs) can be significantly effective for optimal and secure operation of power systems. These ILs can aid the operators not only to increase the reliability of the power supply but also to reduce the procurement costs of the whole system. Therefore, determining the optimal location and capacity of ILs for a given incentive rate is of great interest to distribution companies. To do so, in this paper simultaneous allocation and sizing of ILs, wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic (PV) and capacitors have been done in the radial distribution network for different demand levels and subsequently the optimal value of compensation price for the ILs has been determined. Given the probabilistic nature of load, wind and solar generation as well as the price of energy at the pool, we have also proposed a stochastic model based on fuzzy decision making for modelling the technical constraints of the problem under uncertainty. The objective functions are technical constraint dissatisfaction, the total operating costs of the Distribution Company and CO2 emissions which are minimized by NSGA2. To model the uncertainties, a scenario-based method is used and then by using a scenario reduction method the number of scenarios is reduced to a certain number. The performance of the proposed method is assessed on the IEEE 33-node test feeder to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the method.

Distributed generators (DGs) facilitate minimizing a monetary objective for controlling overload or low-voltage obstacles. In conjunction with controlling such complications, a DG unit can be allocated for maximum reliability or efficiency. This study presents a new method based on a new index for locating and sizing DGs in electricity distribution systems. Stable node voltages which are known as power stability index (PSI) are considered in developing the index. An analytical method is applied in visualizing the effect of DG on losses, voltage profile, and voltage stability of the system. In this study, a new approach using co-evolutionary multi-swarm particle swarm optimization (CMPSO) algorithm is purposed for locating DGs in radial electrical distribution systems considering the uncertainty of solar power as well as load and wind power. In this paper, the optimal locations and sizes of DG units are calculated by considering the active power loss, reliability index, and PSI as objective functions. The presented algorithm is tested on 33-bus and 274-bus real distribution networks. The results of the simulation show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

 the lack of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions is one of the most important limiting factors of the growth of plants, especially fruit trees. Grapevines are one of the most important horticultural products in the world as well as in Iran. The water content of plant tissues, their growth, and the availability of different nutrients in the soil are significantly reduced under water stress conditions. Therefore, the successful production of the plant under water stress conditions depends on the management of plant nutrition. By application of organic and chemical fertilizers, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil can be improved. Besides, it can reduce the adverse effects of drought stress conditions.    

 To evaluate the effect of compost, biochar, and potassium sulfate application on dry matter, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoid contents, as well as the concentration of macro-and micronutrients of leaves of grapevines ‘Bidane-Ghermez’ under two drought stress conditions, this experiment, was conducted in the research greenhouse during 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and four replications. The first factor, without drought stress conditions (80% field capacity (FC)), and drought stress conditions (40% FC), and fertilizer treatments included potassium sulfate (1.25 g.kg-1), compost (5 % w/w), and biochar (10% w/w).
  

 The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the interaction effect of drought stress ×fertilizers application was not significant for dry matter, and RWC (P>0.05). Also, the results of ANOVA indicated that the simple effect of drought stress conditions was not significant for dry matter but the simple effect of fertilizer application was significant for leaf dry matter (P<0.01). Without drought stress conditions, there were no significant differences in leaf dry matter between different fertilizer treatments. However, under drought stress conditions, the highest dry matter of grapevine leaves was observed in biochar, compost, and potassium sulfate, respectively. Also, there were no significant differences in leaf dry matter of grapevine between biochar treatment under drought stress conditions and all fertilizer treatments without drought stress conditions. The simple effect of drought stress conditions was significant for leaf dry matter (P<0.05). The results of ANOVA revealed that the interaction effect of drought stress ×fertilizer application was not significant for chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoid contents of grapevine leaves. However, the simple effects of drought stress conditions and fertilizer application were significant for chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoid contents of grapevine leaves (P<0.01). Relative water, chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents of grapevine leaves were not significantly different among fertilizers treatments. The increase of chlorophyll a/b ratio compared with control was changed in order biochar>potassium sulfate>compost. Moreover, the interaction effect of drought stress ×fertilizer application was significant for nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), ferrous (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) concentrations of grapevine leaves (P<0.01). The ANOVA indicated that the simple effects of drought stress conditions and fertilizer application had a significant effect (P<0.01) on macro- and micro-elements concentrations of grapevine leaves. By application of biochar, the concentration of P, K, Mg, and Cu of grapevine leaves significantly were higher than compost and potassium sulfate applications. This consequently resulted in higher chlorophyll a/b ratio and dry matter of grapevine leaves in biochar treatment for control under drought stress conditions.

 Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the application of fertilizers reduced drought stress effects on biochemical characteristics and dry matter of grapevine leaves. According to the results, at first the application of biochar is recommended, then potassium sulfate and compost. Our previous results indicated that by application of compost, the available sodium (Na) of soil was increased 8.53 and 60.52 % for potassium sulfate and compost treatments compared to control, respectively. While, by application of biochar, the available Na of soil reduced 3.73 % in comparison with control. This finding is so important regarding the Na effects on soil structure, the toxicity of Na for plants as well as the interaction between Na and K. Considering K is a critical element to regulate the water content of plant tissue and reduces the hazards of water stress conditions, the higher concentration of Na prevents K uptake from the soil solution by plant.

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an infectious viral disease of chickens. The effective protection of chickens against many different infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants is not achieved unless the circulating genotypes in the region are identified and the cross-protection of the potential of vaccines in use is assessed.

In a monitoring program of IBVs, a new genotype was identified in the north of Iran, 2019. This work was conducted to isolate and characterize this new IBV genotype.

Tracheal tissues were collected from chickens showing signs of respiratory involvement. Specimens were homogenized and inoculated to the allantoic fluid of embryonated specific pathogen-free (SPF) eggs. Infectious bronchitis virus was detected using real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The hypervariable region of the IBV S1 gene was amplified for sequencing.

Positive samples were phylogenetically analyzed, and both positive isolates were clustered with Q1 IBV strains.

This is the first report of the Q1 outbreak in Iran. More investigations are needed to find the role of Q1 IBV in the respiratory disease complex of chickens.

The aim of this study was to predict coronavirus anxiety based on coping strategies and stress tolerance in working mothers. The design of the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all working mothers in Shiraz in 1399. Data were collected using the Simmons and Gaher (2005) Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, Andler and Parker (1991) coping strategies, and the coronavirus anxiety of Alipour et al. (1398). After collecting and extracting the data, participants' scores were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis by SPSS-24 statistical software. The results of correlation coefficient showed that coronary anxiety has a negative correlation with problem-oriented coping strategy and distress tolerance and a positive correlation with emotion-centered coping strategy and avoidance. The results of multivariate regression showed that problem-oriented coping strategies with a beta coefficient of -0.12 were able to negatively coronary anxiety virus and emotion coping strategies with a beta coefficient of 0.14 and avoidance coping strategies with a beta coefficient of 0.13 were able to correct coronary anxiety. Predict positively in working mothers. The results also showed that the tolerance subscale with a beta coefficient of -0.13, the absorption subscale with a beta coefficient of -0.11, the evaluation subscale with a beta coefficient of -0.16 and the adjustment subscale with a beta coefficient of -0.29 were able to cause anxiety. Predict corona negatively in working mothers. Whereas coping strategies and stress tolerance can be good predictors of coronary heart disease anxiety; Corona's anxiety can be reduced by examining problem-oriented coping strategies and increasing anxiety tolerance.

Previous studies have indicated that vitamin D3 deficiency is common in mentally disabled. This study aimed to determine Vitamin D3deficiency among mentally disabled patients city of Kashmar. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 72 mentally disabled people (10-60 years old) who were in a rehabilitation center in Kashmar city were selected through a census. Sampling was done by a researcher for subjects who had inclusion criteria. Serum levels of D3  were measured using HPLC method. The vitamin D3 deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level ≤ 12 ng/ml. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. 47.2% patients were classified as deficient in Vitamin D3. Age and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level was significantly correlated. 65 percent of disabled from age 20 to 39 years were severe and moderate deficient in Vitamin D3. The physicians, responsible for the treatment of patients with multiple complex developmental disorder, incorporate Vitamin D3   supplementation in their practice. In addition, screening for vitamin D3 deficiency should be integrated in the health assessment of patients with mental disorders.

Scoliosis is the most common type of spinal deformity. A universal and standard method for evaluating scoliosis is Cobb angle measurement, but several studies have shown that there is intra- and inter- observer variation in measuring cobb angle manually. Develop a computer- assisted system to decrease operator-dependent errors in Cobb angle measurement. The spinal cord in the given x-ray image of the spine is highlighted using contract-stretching technique. The overall structural curvature of the spine is determined by a semi-automatic algorithm aided by the operator. Once the morphologic curve of the spine is determined, in the last step the cobb-angle is estimated by calculating the angle between two normal lines to the spinal curve at the inflection points of the curve. Evaluation results of the developed algorithms using 14 radiographs of patients ( 4 - 40 years old) with cobb angle ranges from 34 - 82 degrees, revealed that the developed algorithm accurately estimated cobb angle. Statistical analysis showed that average angle values estimated using the developed method and that provided by experts are statistically equal. The correlation coefficient between the angle values estimated using the developed algorithm and those provided by the expert is 0.81. Compared with previous algorithms, the developed system is easy to use, less operator-dependent, accurate, and reliable. The obtained results are promising and show that the developed computer-based system could be used to quantify scoliosis by measuring Cobb angle.

With attention to high potential in sediment delivery of semi-arid and semi-humid regions, in this study was prepared sediment-discharge equation for Poldoab Shazand station (Markazi province) with semi-arid climate and Tireh Dorud station (Lorestan province) with semi-humid climate. Then with applying the MVUE, Smearing, QMLE, FAO and β compared the correction amounts of equations for two regions. According to results, the most number of Nash-Sutcliffe criteria was related to FAO with 0.558 in the Poldoab Shazand station and 0.715 in the Tireh Dorud station. Also correction coefficients in the Tireh Dorud station was around 1.7 equal then to Poldoab Shazand station. Due to the high variation of coefficients a and b of equations two stations, as well as an inverse relationship between the two coefficients, it is needed in preparation of sediment rating equation that moreover river flows variable, other parameters related to precipitation specifications and physical properties of watershed can be applied.

In this paper we use the Laest Squares Collocation (LSC) method for the «Geoid Determination» and the «Earth Gravity Field Modeling» in the Coastal Pars region in southern Iran. The LSC is one of the Earth Gravity Field Modeling methods which does not need regularization، opposite to the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP) solutions، such as Stokes. Also، unlike statistical methods، the LSC has the ability to account for the systematic effects in the data (trend)، it predicts quantities between the data points (interpolation)، and estimates the quantity at the data point (filtering). The main advantage of LCS methods is their capability of incorporating heterogeneous data، for which gravimetric or geometric data can be used as inputs of the target function. In the first Section، we briefly introduce the LSC. In Section 2، we describe fundamentals of the LSC in a geometric space، and the way it connects the statistical concept of the covariance function and error least squares constrain in order to reproduce the kernel function in the Hilbert space which leads to the «Least Squares Collocation». Furthermore، the Wiener-Kolmogrov formula (Equation 7) is introduced as a solution for the LSC. Further in Section 2، we explain our approach to use the LSC with random errors to adapt its theory to the noisy data (Equation 28). In Section 3، the concept of «True Covariance Function» (Equation 12)، and the procedure of estimating its «Empirical Covariance Function» (Equation 34) based on two essential assumptions: «Non Stationarity» and «Ergodicity»، are described. We divide the covariance function into global and local subclasses and individually explain their structures. Also، we describe the covariance function modeling in the LSC by fitting an analytical covariance model (derived from a true covariance function) to an empirical covariance function (obtained from local gravity data) (Equation 63). We demonstrate that an analytical covariance model can be generated by determining the covariance model parameters using the least squares inverse (Equation 65). In Section 4، we use gravity anomaly data for determining Geoid by applying the LSC. Tscherning''s algorithm (Figure 5) is used for the purpose of implementing the LSC theory. As in the collocation theory، the function that was used in the Hilbert space must be harmonic، In our observational space (a sphere that represents the Earth)، we assume that there is no mass above the Geoid surface. In order to guarantee this، the «Remove-Compute-Restore» method is used. Based on the field operation conducted the Department of Geophysics، (Exploration Directorate of National Iranian Oil Company، 2004) in our case study، the value of the topographic density has estimated about 2. 3. Finally in the Section 5، we evaluate the results with 15 GPS/Leveling control points in the region and the root mean squared (RMS) value of 0. 052544 meters is achieved. In another experiment we use the LSC for determination of the geoid، using the same data، but having topographic density of 2. 67. The achieved RMS in this experiment is 0. 06695 meters. Comparing these two experiments indicates that، in the Coastal Pars region، the topographic density value (2. 3) determined by the Department of Geophysics، (Exploration Directorate of National Iranian Oil Company، 2004)، provides a better estimation compared to the global value (2. 67). The Section is wrapped by further analysis between the Geoid results of the LSC and Geoid derived from the Earth Gravity Model released (EGM1) 1996 and the EGM 2008 Geopotential models in the region. Our analysis demonstrates that the Geoids obtained from the EGM''s models have about 20 centimeters shift compared to those obtained by the LSC.

Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in gravimetric satellites continuously measure valuable information about 3D satellite position. However، the velocity of satellites، which has important applications in the satellite geodesy such as gravity field recovery، cannot be directly measured. These data are used in the energy integral method or other methods based on the Earth gravity field motion equation to determine the velocity or acceleration of satellite. In this study، the velocity vector is computed using the numerical differentiation and the Kalman filtering for the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin satellites. The Numerical results show that the Kalman filtering yields more accurate results than numerical differentiation when they are compared with the intersatellite range-rate measurements. In the wake of the New Gravity Satellite era due to the launch of ChAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP)، GRACE and GOCE، processing methods of enormously large orbit data has become the focus of the geodetic interest. The input data are different from earlier times as they contain some millions of continuous position data per satellite per year. The huge number of data arises from continuous observation from these satellites to the GPS system. This can be done due to the much higher altitude of the GPS satellites (20،000 km) compared to that of the gravity satellites (between 250 and 500 km). The latter is often referred to as Low Earth Orbiter، i. e. LEO. The GPS-LEO constellation as described above in technical terms is called High-Low Satellite to Satellite Tracking (High-Low SST). Thus some million position-data of the LEOs are the basis of the global gravity field determination techniques. The concept behind the Solutions is that satellites are in free-fall in the gravity field of the Earth. After modeling and removing all further force sources (e. g. gravitation of the Sun and the Moon and other planets، direct and indirect tides، surface forces (atmospheric drag، solar radiation pressure)) the remaining orbit is a trajectory in space، which is governed purely by the gravity field of the Earth. Therefore، the task is only to determine the force behind the motion. Conservation laws can be applied for satellites successfully. The Newton’s equation of law states the conservation of forces in a closed system. Applying it for a satellite requires information of the acceleration along the orbit. In this article the velocity vector is derived as a part of the unknown vector in Kalman filter algorithm. Kalman filter is a well-known mathematical tool، which gives the answer to the most frequent engineering question: how can we get the best estimate of the system state from the noisy measurements? The Kalman filter is a data processing algorithm that estimates the state of a system from noisy measurements using least-squares. It gives the optimal system state estimate together with a measure of how precise is the state estimate compared to true state. The Kalman filter performs optimal solution for a linear process with uncorrelated، white، zero mean Gaussian process and measurement disturbances. The Kalman filter is a “one-step back recursive filter”، meaning that there is no need to store past measurements for the purpose of computing the present time. We assume that the discrete random kinematic process to be estimated can be modeled with two main Kalman filter equations: Process equation Measurement equation Where x is the system state vector، A is the state transition matrix and W is the process noise. From this discrete time linear formation of the Kalman filter، the discrete time nonlinear formation of the Extended Kalman Filter is based. For the state space model for the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)، the above linear equations are replaced by one nonlinear function: In this study، the velocity vector is computed using numerical differentiation and the Kalman filtering for the GRACE twin satellites. The numerical analysis shows that the Extended Kalman filtering yields the optimal solution. The comparison is performed based on the intersatellite range-rate measurements.

Estimating accurate bathymetry has many applications in science and engineering. although ship borne sounding are precise method to create bathymetry chart but this method is time confusing and extensive، hence in many oceans region especially in the deeper region don’t exist sufficient data. For this reasons the use of methods that are cost-effective in terms of time and cost are taken into consideration. Satellite altimetry، for over three decades، measures sea level anomaly. For some time، scientists have used these data to measure the gravity field parameters such as gravity، geoid undulations and component of deflection of vertical. Subsurface structures in a region affect in the gravity anomaly. One of the main sources of gravity on sea is seafloor topography. Smith and Sandwell proved that in the wave domain gravity anomaly are most correlated with the seafloor topography in the wavelength range from 15 to 160 km. in this paper we will try to estimate seafloor topography in Oman sea first we filter gravity anomaly and then downward continue them to the mean depth and finally by using Weiner optimization method and ship track line gravity data estimate seafloor topography. It is shown that when we combine gravity data and ship borne track our result improve 7 m with comparisons to shipborne track only.

Practical Applications of bathymetry from ancient times until now، has attracted the attention of scientists to methods that compute it. Bathymetry with ship، despite high accuracy is very costly and time confusing and in the deep regions is impractical even. Hence، the use of indirect methods to predict bathymetry is taken into consideration. Satellite altimetry measure sea level anomaly over 30 years. With retracking methods and new satellite missions such as Cryo_sat، density and accuracy of satellite altimetry data has increased. In geodesy can convert this data to gravity field components such as geoid undulations، free air gravity anomaly، deflection of vertical and etc. on the other hand the internal sources of earth has an important effect on the gravity field components. One of the main this sources in sea is seafloor topography. An inverse can be made by parker relationship between seafloor topography and gravity anomaly data in the frequency domain. On the other hand، iterative least square collocation can be used as an effectively mathematical model to solve inverse problem. In this paper we use the gravity data derived from satellite altimetry and estimate bathymetry in Oman sea area using iterative least square collocation. And compare our result with ETOPO1 bathymetry model and some ship borne depth data in the area of study. Standard deviation between difference of ETOPO1 and ship borne depth data is 121. 4m while this for our computed model is 117. 87m. this is show that our model has better precision in this area compared with ETOPO1.

Modeling of gravity field has many application in geosciences such as geodesy، geophysics، and oceanography and tectonic. Marine Gravity observations due to factor such as oscillation and accelerations of ship، also mechanical errors that are greater in water have low precision. Satellite altimetry provide detailed information about geoid changes and its slope changes over the oceans. in geodesy we can convert geoid and its slope (deflection of vertical component)، to gravity anomaly using spectral analysis methods. There are two integral equation to estimate gravity anomaly from geoid and deflection of vertical، stokes integral and vening meinesz integral. In this paper method of marine gravity anomaly deriving from satellite altimetry are introduced and then using satellite altimetry data estimate marine gravity anomaly over Oman Sea that is a Deep region. Then for control precision of methods، use marine gravity anomaly points that have corrected and collected by national geophysical data center (NGDC). our result show that in gravity anomaly estimation from satellite altimetry using Deflections of vertical as observation and spectral kind of vening meinesz integral as method have a RMS of 4. 2 mgal in comparison with shipborne data، while the using geoid as observation and spectral kind of stokes integral as method، have 4. 38 mgal in comparison with shipborne data. This indicate spectral kind of vening meinesz integral have advantage in comparison with spectral kind of stokes integral.

Control of radioactive emissions from nuclear power plants, particularly radioactive iodine compounds before discharge to the environment is important.

In this study, methyl Iodide vapour adsorbtion capacity was evaluated on the basis of the activated carbon and TEDA (tri ethylene di amine), and HMTA (Hexa methylen tetra amine) impregnated activated carbon bed.

The amounts of chemisorption and physical adsorption of methyl iodide were measured in different humidity levels (0 & 65%) for base and HMTA,TEDA-impregnated activated carbons. The physical adsorption of methyl iodide in the presence of water vapor was low. The significant amount of chemisorption even in high humidity conditions confirmed the effectiveness of TEDA-impregnation for trapping methyl iodide permanently.

Statement of Problems:

 The aim of impression is accurate registration of the ridge, teeth and surronding tissues. Condensation silicones are impression materials used frequently in fixed prosthesis. These materials have different brand names that makes their selection not easy by the dentists.

This study was designed to investigate the accuracy of two condensation silicone Impression materials, speedex and Irasil, in putty- wash technique.

In this quazi- experimental study, we designed a laboratory model with 2 metalic dies. One of them had an undercut and was similar to the molar teeth and the other had no undercut and was similar to the premolar teeth. These dies had 3 degrees convergence in walls and were round in cross section. Then impressions were taken with Irasil and Speedex impression materials and the stone models were prepared. Five dimensions of 30 models were measured and compared with laboratory model by the use of T-test.

These two.impression materials had a statistically significant effect on the die height without underecut but on other dimensions they had not any statistical significant effect. Die height without undercut was increased with speedex impressions but decreased with Irasil impressions. Die diameter without undercut and the distance between dies were increased with speedex and Irasil impressions.  The die diameter beneath the undercut was increased with speedex but decreased with Irasil impressions. The die height above the undercut was decreased in Irasil and speedex impressions.

The usage of Irasil compared n to speedex impression material has a higher effect in only one dimension (die height above undercut) but in other dimensions speedex is better than Irasil.