فهرست مطالب abbas khodayari

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting sustainable development in mountaineering. The research method is exploratory and applied in terms of its purpose, and 150 mountaineers from the centers of the northwestern provinces of the country were selected by purposive sampling. The face and content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by a group of experts, and its constructive validity was confirmed by factor analysis based on structural equation modeling. Based on orthogonal rotational heuristic factor analysis, 34 items were categorized into eight factors that accounted for 52.44 of the variance of sustainable development. It is noteworthy that the results of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients supported the eight-factor structure of the 34-item questionnaire and confirmed its validity and reliability. The results of this study and the extractive dimensions of the tool show the factors affecting sustainable development in mountaineering sports and the results also can help mountaineers to pay more attention to some of the aspects of sustainable development in mountaineering and mountainous areas.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of financial fair play for Iranian football clubs.

The methodology of this research was qualitative and grounded theory Strategy. The statistical population of the study consisted of all managers, professors and researchers, legislators, player’s agents and coaches. Sampling was done theoretically and sampling continued until the theoretical adequacy and saturation. The data collection tools in this study were in-depth semi-structured interviews.

After analyzing and reviewing the core codes, the final 25 categories were integrated in the form of a data-based paradigm model in the form of causal, contextual, intervening, strategies and consequences, and the final research model was presented. In this model, the categories of government of Iranian clubs; weak financial knowledge of club managers; lack of strategic thinking; the weakness of the economic governance of the Federation League organization and the lack of cooperation of governing institutions for the financial independence of the football industry were considered as causal conditions. Finally, enforcing the law of fair financial play is very difficult and to some extent impossible without the cooperation of government institutions.

According to the results of the research, the most important action of these institutions is to create a suitable platform for the implementation of a fair financial game in the league.

Mountain tourism globally is considered due to its special privileges. Despite its rare nature and special mountainous attractions, Iran has not been able to gain its share of this industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the component of a model for sustainable development of mountain tourism in Iran. This is an applicable study and in terms of implementation strategy is Content Analysis. Using semi- structured interviews with 22 professors, mountain tourists, guides, managers, and experts of mountain tourism collected preliminary data. Research samples were selected by Purposeful, Snowball sampling and interviews were continued until approaching the theoretical saturation. Library studies and theoretical foundations were also used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by King and Horrocks thematic analysis process including three stages of descriptive coding, interpretive coding and integration through comprehensive themes using Excel software. The acquired findings were included 100 descriptive codes, 29 interpretive codes and 3 comprehensive themes. Reliability of the qualitative results was confirmed by examining the four decisive factors of Credibility, Transferability, Dependability and Confirmability, and the re-test reliability index at 91% indicated that the identifiers had good reliability. Based on the coding and the research results, the main influential components included infrastructure, attractiveness and sustainability. The results of this study are expected to contribute the researchers, managers, guides, local community and other stakeholders in the field of mountain tourism in order to reveal the key and important aspects for sustainable growth and development

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crisis management on the resilience of swimming Coaches. The research method is correlational which is of the structural equations type, is current-looking based on time, is applied in terms of purpose, and is field –study in terms of data-collection. The statistical population includes active Coaches in Tehran, whose number was 2000 people. In order to select a statistical sample, the city of Tehran was firstly divided into 5 geographical regions of north, center, east, west and south and 322 samples were selected of relative class type, according to the gender of trainers based on random sampling. The measurement tools of this study were two questionnaires of Zol-Hayat (2020) crisis management with 41 questions, and McManus et al. (2007) resilience with 67 questions. The results of structural equations showed that the effect of crisis management on resilience (t = 6.174 and = = 0.372) is positive and significant. Therefore, crisis managem to be able to increase response to crisis by resilience increasing.ent affects the resilience of swimming Coaches. Crisis management with a value of 0.372 in terms of importance, and with a value of 60.486 in terms of performance has shown its role on resilience as well. Therefore, the swimming federation should try to achieve maximum accuracy in predicting the crisis by using the resilience of Coaches,

The study is to develop a quantitative model of national empowerment for training programs of lifeguards. Explorative mixed method was used. The participants were from provincial committee, specialized committees of federation, 1st life-saving instructor and 1st grade national lifeguards. 90 participants were selected as the sample using available sampling method. The researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The content-related validity was evaluated by 11 experts and its construct validity by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, partial least squares and smart PLS software. Based on the results, components including technology, equipment and job motivation are of the most impact on empowerment of lifeguard training programs with factor loads of 0/830, 0/774 and 0/721, respectively. On the other hand, monitoring and evaluation, growth and development and management are of the least impact on empowering lifeguards with factor loads of 0/315, 0/254 and 0/235, respectively. Given the importance of technology, job motivation, and equipment and facilities components, we can upgrade ICT infrastructure, provide rescue equipment and training and increase salaries as a basis for the advancement of the training programs for life-savers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between team quality and football fans'(Fans of Persepolis Club) engagement by considering the mediating role of emotional satisfaction. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive information of correlation type. To collect the required data, Persepolis football team fans (n = 220) were considered as a statistical sample and completed the electronic questionnaires voluntarily. The instrument of the present study was a questionnaire and Team Quality Questionnaire Zhang et al. (1997), Emotional Satisfaction Questionnaire Reynolds & Beatty (1999) and Engagement Questionnaire Researcher-made were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that team quality has an effect on emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans and also the relationship between emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans is positive and significant. Also, the role of positive mediation of emotional satisfaction on the relationship with team quality and fan engagement was confirmed. In general, it can be said that clubs strengthen team quality by using quality players and stars, can affect the engagement of the fans.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for the development of martial arts associations in Iran. The present study was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study included all martial arts experts and martial arts athletes (N = 500). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on the factors affecting the development of martial arts associations in Iran. In order to analyze the collected data, two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In the descriptive statistics section, using statistical tables and charts, frequency indices, frequency, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum were used. In the inferential statistics, the statistical test of exploratory factor analysis (to determine and form factors influencing the development of the community Fighting Ranking Test, and finally, structural equation analysis using SPSS and AMOS software version 23 was used. The results of the research indicate that 13 factors affecting the development of martial arts associations in Iran include management, structural factors, economic factors and marketing, manpower, development of sporting venues, talent identification and basic sport, championship development, equipment and technology, legal agents , Public development, political development, advertising and media and education. Also, the development model for the development of martial arts associations in the country was well suited and could be used by managers of these associations.

In this study, some predictions and consequences of football fans' engagement have been examined. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive information of correlation type. To collect the required data, Persepolis football team fans (n = 220) were considered as a statistical sample and completed the electronic questionnaires voluntarily. To collect data from six questionnaires; Team Quality Questionnaire Zhang et al. (1997), Communication Quality Questionnaire Nyadzayo et al. (2015), Emotional Satisfaction Questionnaire Reynolds & Beatty (1999), Perceived Value Questionnaire Daniel Sweeney (2008), Engagement Questionnaire Researcher-made, Behavioral Questionnaire Kim (2008) has been used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that team quality affects emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans, but relationship quality only affects engagement. The relationship between emotional satisfaction and fan engagement as well as the relationship between engagement and behavioral intentions was positive and significant. The role of positive mediation of emotional satisfaction on the relationship between team quality and fan engagement was confirmed. Also, Perceived value moderated the causal relationship between relationship quality and emotional satisfaction. According to the results, it is suggested that the clubs, by improving the quality of their team and relationship with the fans, create a permanent engagement for them so that they can increase their intention to re-presence and word of mouth spread.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of word of mouth in the relationship between trust and consumer buying behavior of sports products in Guilan province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of the study was consumers of sports products in Guilan province that 387 people were randomly selected based on Cochran's formula.To collect data, Kim and Park Customer Trust Questionnaire (2013), Bandapi Customer Behavior Questionnaire (2016) and Jang (2007) word of mouth were used. Structural equation modeling and Spss24 and Pls3 software were used to analyze the data and check the model fit. The results showed that customer trust has a direct positive and significant effect on word of mouth (0.55) and can also explain about 52% of customer buying behavior; Word of mouth also has a direct and positive effect on shopping behavior and explains about 42% of its changes; Finally, the effect of customer trust on buying behavior mediated by word of mouth was significant. It can be said that in an environment where consumer confidence in the company and advertising has decreased, word of mouth allows companies and products to influence customer buying behavior.

The main purpose of this research was to test the conceptual model of causal relationship between organizational silence and productivity with the mediation of job security among Iranian physical education professors of northwest Azad universities with a focus on full-time and adjunct professors ‘views. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of of the physical education professors at northwestern Azad universities. The sample size consisted of 320 professors based on Morgan table recruited through relative stratified random sampling. In the present study, Dashchi and Kamal Oglu’s questionnaire of organizational silence, the Niece et al.’s Job Security Questionnaire and Achiev’s questionnaire of productivity were used and Cronbach's alpha was 0.88, 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data by using PLS-SMART software.The results of the study showed that there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence with job security.In other words, there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence and productivity of physical education professors of Northwest Azad universities considering the mediating role of job security.Moreover, the results revealed that the views of adjunct and full-time professors of northwestern Azad universities regarding the impact of organizational silence on productivity were significantly different.

 Tourism is significant among countries and all over the world considered mountain tourism because of its advantages. Despite its rare nature and unique mountainous attractions, Iran has not been able to gain its share of this industry. This study aimed to explain the sustainable mountain tourism development model in Iran.

 This is an applicable and descriptive-analytical study. It used semi-organized interviews with 22 mountain tourism experts, and the study of library documents collected preliminary data. Then, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and validated using experts' opinions, consultation with advisors, and the views of eight experts. The reliability of this questionnaire, which had 123 items, was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (α=0.973) and distributed among the samples, including 576 mountain tourists, guides and experts of mountain tourism, and village council officials of mountainous areas by simple random sampling. Various tests, such as King and Horrocks thematic analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis used to analyze the data.

 The findings of the qualitative section include 100 descriptive codes, 29 interpretive codes, and three broad themes. The results of the quantitative team showed that the factors of sustainable development of mountain tourism are infrastructure in four sub-sectors, attractiveness in two sub-sectors including natural and artificial attractions, and sustainability factor in six sub-sectors. The Standardized Root Mean Square Residual and the Normed Fit Index showed that the research model has a desirable and acceptable fit.

Originality: 

This article has determined the primary and practical factors, the relationship between these factors, and the explanation of the sustainable development model of mountain tourism in Iran. The purpose of doing it is to expand the existing knowledge for the usage of the stakeholders in mountain tourism.

The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of Taekwondo in Iran and the presentation model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all professors and faculty members of sport management, experts and managers of the ministry, and the affiliate of the sports championship of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, leaders and experts of the Taekwondo Federation and coaches of the Taekwondo team. In the qualitative part of the research, using the method of theoretical sampling with 25 people in the community, qualitative interviews were conducted to achieve theoretical saturation. In the small part, according to the uncertain size of the research community, using a Morgan table, 277 people were selected as sample size and random sampling was performed. The instrument for measuring the research in the qualitative section was semi-structured interview. In next stage, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. To obtain the validity of the questionnaire, the formal and content validity and construct validity were used, and for reliability, it was used Cronbach's alpha. The results of the research showed that seven factors including social and cultural factors, technology factors, economic factors, political factors, sports agents, management factors and places and equipment are effective on the development of the country's tactical skills. Therefore, it is recommended to pay special attention to all the factors identified in this study to develop sport for Iran.

The importance of the issue of the club system in football and the lack of this system in the country at the moment, warns the need for attention and accuracy in this area. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the football club system in Iran. The research method was mixed method. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of professors of sports management, sports managers and professional football athletes who were interviewed by interviewing 25 of them to identify appropriate items that help to better understanding the factors affecting the club system. The population size in the qualitative section included 450 employees, which were collected by a questionnaire using the data of 250 people as a research sample. Samples in the qualitative part were selected based on purposeful sampling and in the quantitative part were selected in a cluster and random manner. Data analysis from the qualitative part in accordance with the research strategy was performed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding and in the quantitative part, causal explanation, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and Friedman test were used. The results showed that the proposed research model includes 14 central categories that have been obtained by combining about 77 basic concepts. Accordingly, the comprehensive system of club management in the sport of football as a central category based on causal managerial, financial, environmental and legal conditions. These factors overlap by 0.67 and have a positive and significant effect on the football club system in Iran. Among these, managerial factors have the greatest impact on the country's football club system and financial, environmental and legal factors are in the next priorities.

Influencing the ideas of others has considerable interest for supplier and service organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of E-word of mouth on Businesses Performance of eSports with mediating of consumer purchasing behavior. The study was descriptive-correlational research. The research population included all customer of E-sport business of Karaj, obtained through random- cluster sampling with appropriate allocation. According to PASS, 340 people were selected as the final sample. To collect data, two standard questionnaires, i.e. Kim’s purchase behavior (2008) and Mamoun Businesses questionnaire (2011) were used. Validity of the form and the content of the questionnaire were confirmed by 10 professors and experts in sports management. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.92. Structural equation modeling was used in inferential statistics. The results showed that E-word of mouth (β = 0/49, p <0/05) and consumer purchase behaviour (β = 0/56, p <0/05) have significant effect on BP. According to the results of the research, managers of eSports can be recommended toprovide services to clients showing their best performance so that existing customers attract new clients by word-of-mouth advertising in the city.

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of psychological empowerment on the attracting donors with the mediating role of creativity of the sports managers. The present work was a descriptivecorrelational study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this work was the managers and deputies of the sports organizations including the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province, heads and public relations officials of sports federations, and managers and sports officials of Tehran Education Organization, who included 266 people. The results of the structural equations showed that the effect of psychological empowerment on creativity, the effect of creativity on the attracting donors, and the effect of psychological empowerment on the attracting donors were positive and significant. The results obtained also showed that psychological empowerment had an effect on the attracting donors by mediating the creativity of the sports managers. It is suggested that the relevant managers employ creative and innovative manpower in order to promote creativity in the organization.

Promoting the culture of endowment and expanding endowments requires broad social participation of individuals and is formed on the basis of awareness. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between psychological empowerment and creativity of sports managers in attracting donors.

The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was the managers and deputies of sports organizations (General Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran province, public relations officials of sports federations, managers and sports officials of the Education Organization) of Tehran province in the number of 266 people in 2020. The study sample consisted of 157 people and were selected by stratified random sampling according to Morgan Krejcie &'s table. The instruments used in the study included demographic information, "Scale of Psychological Empowerment of Employees in Sports Organizations of the National Olympic Committee of Iran", "Scale of Factors Affecting the Recruitment of Charities" and the “Scale of Effective Factors on Attracting Charities and Acquaintances in the Field of Sports “ and the “Creative Potential and Practiced Creative Scale”. Content validity was assessed by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's coefficient. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 26 and PLS. 3 software.

The values of t-statistic are positive for the relationship between empowerment and donor attraction, empowerment with creativity and creativity with donor attraction and are significant at 99% confidence level. Also, the values of standard coefficients of empowerment path on attracting donors, empowerment on creativity and creativity on attracting donors were reported positively.

Psychological empowerment and creativity of sports managers had a positive and significant correlation with attracting donors as well as psychological empowerment with creativity. It is suggested that by implementing appropriate mechanisms such as participation in the development of organizational goals, performance feedback system and strengthening creative activities to promote creativity and psychological empowerment of sports managers to provide a basis for attracting more donors in this area.

This qualitative research aims to formulate a model for sustainable development of mountaineering in the country using systematic grounded theory. For this purpose, an open interview with 18 professors of sports management and mountaineering experts with experience and history of long ascents, a collection of basic themes recycled during the coding process, from which categories were extracted. In the axial coding phase, the relations among these categories were determined in the form of coding paradigm as below: mountain nature management and strengthening of social values, axial phenomenon: environmental, economic and socio-cultural sustainability, strategy factors include: training, teamwork, experience sharing, environmental attitude and cost management, background factors include: education, respect for nature, cooperation, commitment and responsibility, interfering conditions, including: tolerating the opinions of others, respecting the customs of the natives and observing the principles and rules of mountaineering, and consequences, including: preservation of nature and indigenous culture, employment were determined in the form of coding paradigm. Then and in selective coding phase, all the components of coding paradigm were described and the theory was formulated and presented. Considering the category of sustainable development and mountaineering, which has gained a lot of fans at the moment, and this increase in approach will have different consequences, Therefore, the mountaineering federation and the mountaineering delegations of the provinces should have a review and a well-planned for the scientific management of this socio-sports activity.

The purpose of this study was to identifying the contextual factors influencing the empowerment of physical education teachers. The present study is practical in terms of intention, strategically descriptive and in terms of data collection method is a survey research that has been conducted in the field. Statistical community are professors, academics and education executives who were directly or indirectly related to physical education issues and had unique expertise and information in the field of sports management, physical education and empowerment courses. Also, physical education teachers of East Azerbaijan province are statistical samples, where in the section of experts were chosen with theoretical saturation method and in the section of physical education teachers, they were selected in the form of relative cluster from different regions and areas of East Azerbaijan province Education using Krejcie and Morgan table. Questionnaire and interview tools were used to collect information. Cronbach's alpha index was used to ensure the content and the structure validity of professors and experts in sports management and factor analysis. Data analysis was performed by using Smart PLS software and structural equation modeling method. The results of structural modeling while fitting the model showed that cultural factors, communication, technology and economic factors are the contextual factors affecting the empowerment of physical education teachers and among them, technology and communication have the greatest impact on the empowerment of physical education teachers.

The purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of this study was descriptive causal, which was conducted by survey method. Participants in this study included 306 owners, managers, marketing managers, and sales managers of sports production units in Tehran city. For data collection, four questionnaires were used to get the specific data which were the Strategic Alliance (r=0.88), Competitive Advantage (r=0.88), Organizational Conflict Resources (r=0.89), and Human Resource Flexibility (r=0.86). After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, these questionnaires were distributed among the participants. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that strategic alliance significantly has a direct effect on the two components of human resource flexibility (0.27) and sources of organizational conflict (0.34). Moreover, organizational conflict resources significantly have a negative effect on human resource flexibility (-0.47). Furthermore, human resource flexibility has the greatest impact on competitive advantage (0.62). This coefficient is the sum of the indirect effects of strategic alliance and sources of organizational conflict, as well as the direct effect of human resource flexibility on competitive advantage. The following conclusion can be drawn from the present study that the management of the different companies of sports production enters the trade unions with full confidence, to take into account the issues within the organization, such as cost-effectiveness and time, which create a competitive advantage. Consequently, they can turn a competitive advantage from an impermanence competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage.

In times of crisis, a specific action plan to promote more resilient and sustainable sports can be considered a model for participatory governance in crisis management. The research purpose was to investigate participatory governance of coronavirus crisis management in small and medium sports businesses. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part included faculty members and university lecturers, managers and experts in the field of sports and in the quantitative part included faculty members and sports managers. In the qualitative part, 15 people were needed and in the quantitative part, between 5 and 10 subjects were needed for each question, so 320 people formed a statistical sample. The data collection tool in the qualitative section was semi-structured interview that the results of interviews were designed in the form of a questionnaire with 7 main factors. For content validity, expert’s opinion and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and combined reliability indicators, Cronbach's alpha, divergent and convergent validation and structural equation modeling were used by SPSS23 and PLS2 software. The fit index of model was reported 0.47 and results confirmed 7 main factors: Systematic approach, compensatory strategy, e-government, NGOs, policy-making of dealing with crisis, crisis governance and media support. Establishing a headquarter of returning to sports under the participatory governance of crisis management and using experienced researchers, managers, and knowledgeable experts are among the practical suggestions of research that can help resilience of sports businesses and reducing the effects of the crisis on them.

The aim of this study is to design a model for the effect of sport participation motivations on productivity of employees of public universities of Tehran with the mediation role of job crafting. The research is a Quantitative study, of descriptive correlation type. The statistical population consists of the employees of public universities of Tehran. Sample size determination in structural equations (n = 538) was selected by probability sampling by proportional stratified sampling.The research instrument for questionnaires were Hersey, & Goldsmith Productivity Questionnaire (1980), Slemp and Vella-Brodrick job crafting questionnaire (2013) and a researchermade questionnaire of employees sport participation motivation .Face validity was checked with experts’ advices. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for Structural validity.The reliability of all the questionnaires with Cronbach's alpha was above 0.70.The result showed that, 46% of the total effect of sport participation motivation on productivity was explained by the mediator variable of job crafting. The GOF fit with 0.307, indicates a moderate fit.According to positive effects of variables of sport participation motivations and job crafting on productivity, it is suggested for organizational leaders to emphasize on the role of these two variables to increase employee’s productivity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Physical and Subjective Factors on Re-Presence of Clients of Tehran E-sport Bussines with mediating of E- Word of mouth. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-correlational data analysis method. The statistical population of the study was all people using E-sport clubs in the Tehran city who regularly exercised in these clubs for at least one year. According to the research objectives and based on PASS statistical software, the population size was 384 people who were selected through stratified random sampling. The data gathering tool in this study were E- Word of mouth questionnaire of Gholipour et al (2018), Lim (2006) Re-Attendance Questionnaire, and physical- subjective of Falahi et al. (2014). The results showed that the physical- subjective factors related to E-sport clubs have a direct impact on the intention of clients to be present again through the moderating role of the E- word of mouth advertising. In addition, E- word-of-mouth advertising has an impact on the intention of customers to be present again.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of change management and the use of information technology on performance of the Iranian Football Premier League judges and developing of the model. The method of this research was descriptive correlational. The statistical population consisted of 200 judges who worked in the first level of football in Iran in 2017 The sample was equal to the population (census sampling method). The readiness for change Questionnaire, the acceptance of information technology (A researcher made questionnaire) and the sheet of monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the judges were used to collect data. Multivariate regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the results and provide a template using SPSS and Amos software. The significance level was considered as p

The aim of this study was to design a model for developing swimming sports in Iran. The research method was a combination of exploratory research (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part of professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of the Swimming Federation and the expert coaches of the national swimming team and in a small part including the Swimming Federation (10 people), provincial delegations (128 people), swimming coaches (3390 people). The statistical sample in the qualitative section 30 members of the qualitative population was targeted and in the quantitative section for each question between 5 and 10 people were required, 346 people were considered by stratified random method. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the questions and structural equations were used to fit the model using SPSS software version 23 and PLS version 2. The results of structural equation modeling showed that economic, social and cultural, political, technological and sports factors, each of which is macro, medium and micro, are effective in the development of swimming in Iran. The results of the research can be useful for managers and decision makers in the field of swimming in Iran to achieve success in the international arena.

The purpose of present study is to design modernization model of olympic sport. The research methodology is qualitative-quantitative mixed with an exploratory approach. The statistical population in qualitative section includes faculty members of universities and managers with at least ten years of experience in sport management, and in quantitative section includes members of strategic council, headquarter senior staff, mid-level managers of ministry of sport and youth, federation and board leaders and Olympic sports committees. In the qualitative section, 12 people and in the quantative section, 5 to 10 subjects were required for each question, so 297 people formed the statistical sample. Data collection tool was semi-structured interview in qualitative section, and the results of this interview were designed in a questionnaire with 5 main factors and 12 sub-factors which was used in quantitative section. In this study, the expert opinion and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were used for content validity, and two mixed indices of reliability and Cronbach's alpha, and divergent and convergent validity indices (Ave) and structural equation modeling of SPSS 23 and PLS 2 software were used to determine the model reliability. The model fitness was reported as GOF = 0.61 and the results of study confirmed final model in the five key factors of organizational structure, human resources, technology development, financial management and international relations. Therefore, development of modernism in management is suggested as it leads to the growth and advancement of these organizations in domestic and international arenas.