akbar asadi

 Enterotoxemia occurs following absorption of large amounts of toxin through the intestinal wall. The causing agent of this disease is clostridium perfringens. The present study Comparison of Immune Responses Following the Administration of Enterotoxaemia Vaccine in kermani Sheep and Goats.

 Two groups consisting 30 sheep and 30 healthy goats of the same breedselected. Each of these groups was then divided into three sub groups of ten. One sub group of ten sheep and goats formed the control group, which received no vaccination in the course of the study. The second sub group received vaccination only once, and the last sub group was vaccinated twice. Blood samples were taken from these 60 animals on day 1, 15, 30, 45, 60  and 75 after vaccination, and antibody titer and duration of immunity were determined by ELISA test.

 The antibody titer during the study in the control sub group was zero. In sub group 2 sheep that received only one dose of vaccine had a mean antibody titer of 0. 428 and in goats 0. 097. In sub group 3 sheep that received two vaccinations, the mean antibody titer was 0.772 and in goats it 0. 408 was. Immunity durabity longer in sheep than in goats.

 The results showed significant differences in antibody titer and duration of immunity between animals that received booster doses compared to those that were vaccinated only once. Moreover, antibody titer approached zero much earlier in goat than that in sheeps.

A graphene-based-hybrid plasmonic waveguide (GHPW) with a unique geometric structure is designed for surface plasmon polariton guidance and modulation at the frequency area of 10 to 30 THz. The GHPW consists of a graphene layer in the middle, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) gating layer, two interior dielectric delimiter layers, and two exteriors semi-cylinder Germanium substrates symmetrically embedded on both edges of the graphene. Because of the matchless semi-cylinder structure design, the electromagnetic wave interaction with graphene ultimate subwavelength SPPs strong confinement with long propagation length. Small normalized mode area of ~10-4 and long propagation length of 10.67-28.92 μm at Fermi energy of 1.0 eV is attained for SPPs modes propagation of the GHPW in the frequency bound of 10-30 THz and semi-cylinder radius R > 450 nm, respectively. By controlling the graphene Fermi energy, it is found that the structure has a modulation depth higher than 20 % for the frequency band of 10-30 THz and arrives at the peak of approximately 100 % at a frequency greater than 28.75 THz. To benefit from the great broadband MIRpropagation and modulation efficiency, the GHPW may promise different MIR waveguides, modulators, photonic, and optoelectronic devices.

In this paper, a unique symmetric graphene-based plasmonic nano-waveguide is proposed to guiding electromagnetic waves in the mid-infrared spectrum. The geometric structure of the waveguide consists of two symmetrical cylinders arranged around a rectangular substrate with a high refractive index. The lateral surfaces of both cylinders are covered with a graphene monolayer, and the cylinders and rectangular substrate are placed in a low refractive index environment. Here, the modal model properties of surface plasmon polaritons are investigated using the finite element method. The dependence of the propagation properties of the modes on the frequency of the incident wave, the graphene Fermi energy and the dimensions of the geometric structure of the waveguide has been calculated in detail. Due to the unique structure of the designed waveguide, the propagation length of the modes is approximately 4600 nm , the normalized mode area is ~〖10〗^(-6) and the figure of merit is nearly 500. According to the simulation results, this structure has a strong confinement the light subwavelength and high performance in the mid-infrared region for use in practical applications in photonic integrated circuits.

In this paper, a high-performance graphene dielectric plasmonic waveguide in the far infrared spectrum is proposed, which is one of the components of integrated photonic and optoelectronic circuits with various applications, including communications, military, medical, etc. The proposed waveguide geometric structure is composed of a rectangular cube layer with a semi-cylindrical ridge underneath (with a high refractive index material), rectangular cube substrate with a semi-cylindrical depression (with a low refractive index material), a sheet of graphene and the substrate of material with low refractive index, that the layers and sublayers are stacked on top of each other, respectively. Here, the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) modes are stimulated at the interface of graphene and dielectric. The propagation properties of SPPs modes have been investigated using the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show that via modifying the geometrical parameters of the structure and tuning the chemical potential of the proposed graphene waveguide, a small normalized mode area ~〖10〗^(-4) and the propagation length ~〖10〗^3 μm are achieved. Therefore, it is recommended that the proposed waveguide can be used as a component of photonic devices due to relatively long propagation length and the strong confinement of light.

Escherichia coli infections in poultry have a word wide spread. Serotypies O1, O2, O8, O35, O78 Escherichia coli is involved in the development of generalized colibacillosis disease. Genes such as F17, Sfa, pap, afa, , fimH , crl , iuc, bla, yja, chu, are considered as an Escherichia coli acuity factoro. the aim of the present study were Phylogentic of Escherichia coli isolates involved in Colibacillosis and cellucitis in broiler chickens in shahrebabak(Kerman Province) by Multiplex PCR Technique 

From 117 samples of Escherichia coli (83 colibacillosis samples and 34 cellulitis samples) were isolated. These samples were examined and confirmed by biochemical methods.

Colibacillosis isolates were belonged to A (54.27%), B1 (7.22%), B2 (6.03%) and D (32.53%) phylogroups. Where as, the isolates from cellulitis cases were belonged to three main phylogroups; A (55.88%), B1 (5.88%) and D (38.24%).

Statistical analysis showed a specific association between the presence of crl virulence gene and Phylogrups of A and D (P<0.05) in colibacillosis isolates.
The results showed that the isolates from both diseases in broiler chickens could be assigned to various phylogenetic groups (mainly A). Also, the virulence genes profile of cellulitis E.coli is completely different from that of colibacillosis in this region

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the immune system affecting the central nervous system. The etiology of the disease is unclear, but activation of immune mechanisms against inflammation itself seems to play a role in the disease. Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal remedies in traditional medicine that can have soothing properties, promote health and prevent diseases. This study will review several reports on the effects of ginseng on MS. Ginseng is derived from a Greek word (pana kos) which means to cure all diseases. The possible route of positive effects of ginseng can be through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemostatic and biological metabolism. Ginseng's therapeutic properties have been found in a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological, cognitive, and autoimmune diseases. Ginseng is suggested to have preventive and therapeutic properties in MS. In this study we reviewed data by using Google Scholar, Science Direct and Pubmed as well as by searching key words: MS, Ginseng, Inflammatory factors and Oxidative stress, from 1990 to 2018.The modulating effects of ginseng on Th1 and TH17 cells activity and enhancing Treg activity as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ginseng can be used in the treatment of MS as immunological strategies.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for an extremely wide range of extra intestinal diseases in poultry, including Colibacillosis and Cellulitis. There is the problem of antibiotic resistance all over the world. The aim of this study is the molecular study of antibiotic resistance genes, such as: aac, aad, qnr, tet, anr, sul and determination of antibiotic susceptibility. 83 strains of E. coli of Colibacillosis cases and 34 strains of Cellulitisin cases were gotten from in poultry slaughterhouses in Shahrebabak province within 6 months in 2017. Strains of E. coli were confirmed by biochemical methods. The results of the study showed that 63.85% for the tetA gene, 62.65% for the tetB gene were positive. The abundance of genes qnrs (49.3%), qnrB (24.09%), sul1 (28.91%), dhfrv (31.32%), dhfrA (26.50%), aac (3)-1(25.66%), aadA (22.89%), floR (28.91%), sul1 (33.13%), qnrA (12.30%). None of the specimens was positive for blaoxa, blaCTX, blasHV, blaTEM, genes. In this study, it was found that all of the suppositories were resist ant to one or more antibiotics between 40% and 90%. The highest resistance to antibiotics was tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, terimetoprim. In this study, antibiotic resistance was found to be due to the presence of resistance genes. Recognition of resistance pattern and microorganisms susceptibility to antibiotics have an effective role on correct and suitable selection of antibiotic and infection control.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for wide ranges of extra-intestinal diseases in poultry including colibacillosis, cellulitis, coligranuloma and yolk sac infection. Numbers of virulence are considered important in the pathogenicity of these diseases. The aims of the present study were phylogenetic typing and virulence genes detection in Escherichia coli isolates from colibacillosis and cellulitis of broiler chickens in poultry slaughterhouses of Shahrbabak region, Kerman, Iran. A total number of eighty three E. coli isolates were taken from broiler chickens with colibacillosis and thirty four isolates were taken from carcasses with cellulitis in the industrial slaughterhouses. Biochemically confirmed E. coli isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction assay to determine phylogenetic groups and presence of pap C, sfa/focDE, iucD, afaIB-C, hlyA, fimH and crl virulence genes. Colibacillosis isolates were belonged to A (54.21%), B1 (7.22%), B2 (6.03%) and D (32.53%) phylogroups. Whereas, the isolates from cellulitis cases were belonged to three main phylogroups; A (55.88%), B1 (5.88%) and D (38.24%). Statistical analysis showed a specific association between the presence of crl virulence gene and phylogroups of A and D in colibacillosis isolates. The results showed that the isolates from both diseases in broiler chickens could be assigned to various phylogenetic groups (mainly A(. Also, the virulence genes profile of cellulitis E. coli is completely different from that of colibacillosis in this region.

Skeletal abnormalities are most often used to describe defects in the arms or legs that are associated with genes or chromosomes, or that occur due to an event that happens during pregnancy. Spider lamb syndrome (SLS) is a congenital disorder in sheep breeding that is recognized by some deformities in skeletal system especially in the limbs.A dead day-old cross-breed white lamb with deformed limbs was referred to the anatomy hall of the Veterinary Faculty of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. In the external examination, the lamb was very skinny and in the facial region, superior brachygnathia with a slight Roman nose were observed. Metacarpal and metatarsal regions were more elongated than that expected. Also Metacarpal and metatarsal bones were as long as the antebrachial and crural regions, respectively. This paper, the first report of this syndrome in Iran, described the anatomic and radiographic features of the skeletal deformities in a day-old dead Kermanian breed lamb.

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases that is especially important for its side effects on human in terms of health and economy. It appears that an important reason for the incidence of brucellosis and its consequent disabilities is lack of knowledge about its transmission routes and prevention. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the effect of training on the knowledge of Shahr-e Babak Azad University students about the prevention of brucellosis. This experimental study was conducted with 108 students assigned to the experimental and control groups by random stratified sampling from Shahr-e Babak Azad University in 2013. First, students’ knowledge of brucellosis and its prevention was assessed using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. Then a training program including two sessions of group training, questions and answers, and discussion was implemented and an educational pamphlet was distributed among the experimental group. One month later, the post-test was given. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software. Knowledge score of students before the intervention was not significantly different in the experimental and control groups, while the difference of mean score was significant after the intervention. None of the demographic variables had a significant impact on the mean score of knowledge after training. The significance level was set at P The results showed that training can improve participants’ knowledge about brucellosis prevention. Training is an appropriate and necessary method to increase health information.