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Undoubtedly, the question of proving the existence and attributes of God has consistently been a central concern for philosophers and theologians. Consequently, numerous arguments, such as the argument of motion (Arabic: حرکه), the argument of creation (Arabic: حدوث, romanized: ḥudūth), the cosmological argument, and the argument of the ontological argument (burhān-i ṣiddiqīn), have been proposed to establish the essence of a necessary being. These arguments can be categorized into two main groups: “cosmological” and “ontological”. They vary in terms of precision and strength (validity) in establishing both God’s essence and His attributes. The comprehensiveness, correctness, and value of any claim or belief depend on the validity and scope of the reasoning provided to support it. Given the variations in the scope of implication and the range of proof offered by each argument, this research undertakes a comparative analysis of the aforementioned arguments and we demonstrate that the argument of the ontological argument (Burhān-i Ṣiddiqīn), while being among the most significant and comprehensive proofs for God’s existence, possesses a broader scope of signification regarding the demonstration of Divine names and attributes compared to cosmological arguments. Thus, this argument uniquely suffices in proving both the existence of God and all His attributes, eliminating the need for additional arguments.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important economic and widely used crops in horticulture. It is a self-fertilizing and diploid plant and has 24 pairs of chromosomes (2n=2x=24). The life cycle of this plant is one year, and it is cultivated in greenhouses and fields. There are many varieties of tomatoes that differ from each other in terms of plant growth, quality, fruit shape, and other traits. Tomato fruit has a high nutritional value, consisting of minerals, vitamins, fibers, citric acid, β-Carotene and ascorbic acid. Diversity and selection are the two main pillars of any reformation program, and choosing is based on the existence of desirable diversity in the reformation materials under discussion. To produce varieties of tomatoes with high productivity, quality and resistance, breeders need evaluation of genetic diversity, identification and introduction of new genotypes. In other words, systematic study and evaluation of germplasm is of great importance for current and future agronomic and genetic improvement of the crop. Different methods are used to estimate genetic diversity and group genotypes, and the evaluation of morphological and physiological characteristics can be considered as the first step in the investigation of genetic diversity. Different genotypes of tomato differ in terms of morphological and physiological traits, and fruit yield is influenced by some of these traits. Therefore, the selection of criteria other than fruit yield, which have more stability than fruit yield, can be considered as a selection guide in the selection of desirable cultivars. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the genetic diversity and grouping of tomato genotypes (53 genotypes) based on morphological and physiological traits.

In the present study, 53 genotypes of tomato plants were investigated using a randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse conditions at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. After disinfecting and planting the seeds in the pot, sampling of the seedlings was performed. Morphological traits such as plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of the plant, number of side branches, number of leaves, root length, fresh and dry weight of the organ air, fresh and dry weight of roots, fruit number, fruit yield, and physiological traits including proline content, photosynthetic pigments (including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid), and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were measured. Furthermore, the obtained data were subjected to variance analysis, mean comparison, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, and cluster analysis using suitable software.

After analyzing the data, the results of the evaluation of variance showed that the difference of the studied genotypes in terms of all traits except proline trait was significant at the probability level of 1%. Estimation of the correlation coefficients between the studied traits showed a significant correlation between most of the studied traits and fruit yield. Further, the results of the investigation into factors showed that 6 factors explained more than 77% of the total variance, so that the contribution of the first to sixth factors was 24, 18, 14, 9, 7, and 6% of the total changes, respectively. For better interpretation, larger factor coefficients for each factor were considered significant. Because the largest factor coefficients among the coefficients of each factor indicate the attribute or attribute that plays the greatest role in those factors, the factors were named accordingly. In this way, the first factor was named the fruit yield factor, the second the photosynthesis factor, the third the phenolic factor, the fourth the root weight factor, the fifth the proline factor, and the sixth the stem diameter factor. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, it was observed that the genotypes were significantly different in terms of the measured morphological and physiological traits and they were placed in 3 different groups, each of which had 30, 19, and 4 genotypes, respectively, and the genotypes in the group Third, in terms of studied traits, they were better to other groups.

In general, based on the analysis, the genotypes were significantly different in terms of the measured traits. This article shows that there is a suitable diversity among the studied genotypes and it is possible to select based on these characteristics among the studied genotypes and the selection can be effective in their improvement programs. By estimating the phenotypic correlation coefficients, it was found that the fruit yield trait had the most positive and significant correlation with the number of fruits and the amount of photosynthetic pigments. Therefore, these traits can be considered in tomato fruit yield genetic improvement programs. Considering that the average of most of the traits studied for the genotypes belonging to the third cluster (13, 15, 45 and 46) was higher than the total average and the said genotypes were excellent in terms of developmental and physiological parameters compared with other genotypes, the top genotypes identified in this research can be considered and used in future breeding studies in this valuable plant.

The social approach of Eric Landowski's about interactive sign-semantic, which is presented in continuation of Greimas' aesthetic beliefs of guizzo , is a productive approach in literary criticism. The researchers of this study have used this approach in analyzing adaptation of the corporality sign meanings of romantic in Forough Farrokhzad’s poems which are transcendental.The interaction of the discourse partners in the process of the poet's romantic discourse creates infinite meanings by metamorphosis of the corporality signs. the source of meaning creation occurre with union of me and other.Corporeal subject and corporeal object create a dynamic and generative texture in a life experience with eachother and the surrounding world in phenomenological understanding. this is in a collection of dynamic physical signs that create a generative texture in an ecstatic text . the movement of chain of ambiguous combinations leads to a pleasant ecstasy in the union of discourse partners.the authors have investigated three poems named "Vasl". "Fathe bagh" and "Bad ma ra ba khod khahad bord" with a holistic criticism. The result of investigation was that the romantic interaction of discourse partners with physical sign-meanings has been continuous in order to achieve unity and creation of new meanings.

Marc Levy est un écrivain français contemporain et rendu célèbre dès son premier roman; Et si c’était vrai...Levy ne voit pas le monde comme un tout prédéterminé, avec les ordres stables et fixes, selon lui, à tout moment le monde qui nous entoure change, alors c’est l’instabilité qui règne sur le monde. Lorsque le lecteur commence à lire une œuvre, il entre immédiatement dans le domaine de la figurativité. En fait, c'est grâce aux figures que le monde prend sens et nous parle, et l'auteur utilise des figures, des répétitions isotopiques et des oppositions fondamentales pour produire du sens et transmettre ses idées au lecteur. Cette recherche a pour objectif l’analyse de la figurativité de Et si c’était vrai... de Marc Levy dans une perspective sémiotique d’inspiration greimassienne. L’intérêt de cette étude consiste alors à expliciter, dans la mesure du possible, certaines idées de l’auteur sous l’angle sémiotique. De plus, par ce travail, nous visons à répondre aussi à la question suivante : Comment les répétitions isotopiques et les oppositions fondamentales forment la cohérence du texte littéraire de Levy ? Cette étude explore les divers niveaux où le figuratif prend forme, s’agence et se manifeste. En appliquant les idées théoriques de Greimas concernant la figurativité, nous concluons que Marc Levy a produit du sens dans son texte littéraire en transférant certaines de ses idées telles que l'instabilité, la mobilité et la métamorphose à travers des répétitions significatives, des répétitions fondamentales et des figures objectives et abstraites axiologisées et il a ainsi créé un texte cohérent.

The region of Southwest Asia has been faced with new developments and dynamics in the last decades of the 21st century, and the identification of the developments created in this region promises the formation of a new order. This new order has actors who play a role in its formation. This research, with a future-oriented approach, seeks to identify the most important main factors and driving forces shaping the geometry of the modern order in the region of Southwest Asia until the horizon of 1407. The type of research is applied with a mixed exploratory approach. Its statistical community purposefully includes 17 experts in the field of national security and international relations. With library studies and conducting interviews in the form of brainstorming and brainstorming sessions, 47 main factors were counted, which were categorized in two dimensions: the former main factors shaping the order in the Southwest Asia region and the current factors shaping the new order in the Southwest Asia region. In addition, 19 driving forces shaping the geometry of the new regional order were identified in the region of Southwest Asia until the horizon of 1407. Validation of the main factors through specific tests of SPSS software (single-sample t and Kendall's coefficient of agreement) and the most effective driving forces using Micmac software and interaction analysis matrix among the 19 driving forces identified, which include the Great Deal of the Century, the Russian-Ukrainian war, The New Silk Road, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the attempt to eliminate Iran from the Zangzor Pass, and the expansion of the ideology of resistance.
With the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War, the victorious countries decided to divide this empire and annex the Ottoman possessions to their lands. This action took on an official aspect when the foreign ministers of the two colonial countries, England and France, signed an agreement known as the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which provided the political and geopolitical conditions for the division of the borders of the Ottoman Empire into several Arab countries and present-day Turkey. In this agreement, the Arab Middle East region was divided between the three countries of France, England and Russia. With the signing of this treaty, the eastern parts of Turkey joined Russia and France also colonized parts of Turkey along with areas of Syria and Lebanon. In the meantime, England acquired major parts of Iraq as well as Palestine. France and England agreed to turn their Middle Eastern possessions into numerous eminence lands (Kuehn, 2021).
With the division of the Ottoman Empire into several countries after the First World War by the victorious Western powers in the war, which led to the formation of the present-day nature of West Asia, this region has always faced many tensions and challenges, and the Western interventionist forces played a prominent role in these instabilities. As a strategic region, West Asia has always been subject to many tensions and challenges. Examining contemporary history shows that the root of these tensions should be sought in the two world wars and the developments after them. When the Western powers made fateful decisions without the presence of West Asian countries. After the victory of the Allied countries in the World War, these countries decided to divide and divide the Ottoman Empire, which was called the "sick man of Europe", in line with their interests. The Sykes-Picot Agreement, the Sour Agreement and the Balfour Declaration and the letters exchanged between McMahan and Sharif Hussein clearly reveal the goals of this colonial plan, which resulted in agreements that brought instability and insecurity to the region decades later.
During the Cold War, Southwest Asia had a special place in international relations for the United States. The rich oil reserves and the Soviet effort to penetrate into the West Asian region were the main reasons for its importance for this country. In the region of Southwest Asia, the actors were arranged in such a way that Saudi Arabia and Iran were inclined towards the Western bloc and America and Syria, Egypt and Iraq were inclined towards the Eastern bloc. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union pursued its foreign policy goals by supporting communist movements. This formed process created a conflict-seeking approach between these two superpowers, which, in addition to the rivalry between the countries of the region, turned these countries into suppliers of the goals, desires and ideals of these governments. The occurrence of the Islamic revolution in Iran and the atmosphere that prevailed in the region from this revolution created currents in the years after the revolution in the region of Southwest Asia and sometimes the world, which had many effects and consequences both for the countries of the Southwest Asia region and for the superpowers of the East and The West was looking for
In this research, with a future-oriented approach, we seek to identify and explain the main factors and effective drivers that shape the geometry of the modern order in the region of Southwest Asia until the horizon of 1407. To achieve this goal, we are seeking answers to these three questions:- Which main factors and driving forces are the main factors and previous driving forces shaping the order in the region of Southwest Asia?
- What are the main factors and current driving forces shaping the new order in Southwest Asia?
- What main factors and driving forces have played an effective role in shaping the geometry of the new order in the region of Southwest Asia until the horizon of 1407?
 
In this research, with a future-oriented approach, we sought to identify and explain three categories of driving forces: the first category, the former driving forces that shaped the order in the Southwest Asia region, which include 24 main factors that make up the driving forces; The second category is the current driving forces shaping the new order in the Southwest Asia region. In this research, in this section, we identified the number of 23 main factors that make up the driving forces. The third category is related to the driving forces that are considered as the effective driving forces shaping the geometry of the new order in the region of Southwest Asia until the horizon of 1407, which are 19 driving forces. Regarding the third category, by using Mimak futurology software and the interaction analysis matrix, the most effective driving forces were also identified, which include the six driving forces of America's Great Deal of the Century, the war between Russia and Ukraine, the establishment of the New Silk Road, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the attempt to remove Iran from Zangzor was the way to spread the ideology of resistance. Considering that driving forces and main factors are vital and important parts of the scenario writing process, the following suggestions can be made:- In relation to future researches, a research topic about future scenarios of modern order geometry in South West Asia region can be a good topic to present.
Considering the identification and determination of three categories of driving forces in this research, their application and exploitation can develop the strategic depth of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region, Latin America and North Africa.
- The findings and consequences of this research can lead to preventing wrong analysis and going in the wrong direction.

The Persian Gulf has created a kind of security interdependence between countries and regional players. The Persian Gulf is one of the most important regions in the world from a geostrategic and geoeconomic point of view, which can be considered as a regional security complex. In the sense that various factors have created a kind of security interdependence between countries and regional actors. Therefore, this research seeks to achieve a practical goal through the study of different theories of common security and security in Islam and the approach of culture in the Persian Gulf. Since the work of policymaking is to organize affairs and security policymaking is considered as a vital and basic necessity for governments, this research after examining the approaches, authorities and drivers of security policymaking in the Persian Gulf region aims to provide a security model based on common security. , security in Islam and the approach of culture in order to transition from national security to human security in this region, which is carried out quantitatively on experts, managers, experts, activists in the field of security in 1401.
This research aims to present a security model based on common security and a strategic culture approach in order to transition from national security to human security in the region, which was conducted quantitatively on experts, managers, experts and activists in the field of security in 1401. The research question is, what is the relationship between Iran's strategies and the approach of strategic culture and common security in the Persian Gulf? This research was conducted based on quantitative and qualitative research methods and descriptive analysis of correlation method; In this way, the research was conducted using questionnaires and interviews about the regional security system. In this research, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to develop the model. The findings of the study showed that common security has an effect on the realization pattern of Persian Gulf security. The path coefficient between two variables is 0.42, which has a significance level of 25.36, which is desirable because it is greater than 1.96, so the existence of a significant effect is confirmed. Also, the study showed that the theory of strategic culture approach has an effect on the realization pattern of Persian Gulf security. The path coefficient between the two variables is 0.68, which has a significance level of 16.745, which is desirable because it is greater than 1.96, so the existence of a significant effect is confirmed.
Since the goal of providing a security model with an emphasis on the common is security in Islam and culture, it is practical in terms of its purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of its approach, and its results are clear and objective, and its results are in meeting needs and solving problems. and its application in solving specific problems in the organization, society, etc. is. It is also small in terms of information gathering. According to the type of study, the statistical population of the research includes experts, managers, experts, activists in the field of security in 1401. The number of these people was estimated to be about 500 people. Based on Morgan's table, for a community of 500 people, the number of samples is 217 people, which was carried out on 217 people in this study. The current research is a survey data collection method, which means that the present study is a descriptive survey and is discussed and investigated by reviewing scientific sources and theories in the field of research and comparing them, conducting an interview and designing a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of the interview. In order to collect and analyze the data and information required for this research, various methods and tools have been used, which are described below according to the different needs of the research model. To collect information related to theoretical foundations, library research and study of various books and articles and scientific sites have been used. The main tool for collecting information in this research is a questionnaire, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on theoretical principles will be used to develop the questionnaire, so that the components extracted from the interviews will be evaluated, and the answers will be designed as a five-item Likert scale. In this research, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to develop the model.
The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between common security and the security of the Persian Gulf. The path coefficient of this relationship was found to be 0.717. To evaluate the significance of this effect, one should refer to the significant number of t-Value, which is 2.269, which is more than 1.96, and also the P-Value is 0.000. The findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between the approach of strategic culture and the security of the Persian Gulf. The path coefficient of this relationship was found to be 0.68. To evaluate the significance of this effect, one should refer to the significant number of t-Value, which is 2.949, which is more than 1.96, and P-Value is 0.022. Also, there is a significant connection between security in Islam and the security of the Persian Gulf. The path coefficient of this relationship was 0.529. To evaluate the significance of this effect, one should refer to the significant number of t-Value, which is 2.456, which is more than 1.96, and the P-Value is 0.000. Therefore, the desired hypothesis is confirmed at the 95% confidence level and there is a significant relationship between security in Islam and the security of the Persian Gulf.
There is a significant relationship between common security, security in Islam, the approach of strategic culture and the security of the Persian Gulf.

The existence of validity techniques and technical considerations in the text, especially the text written for the adolescent audience, reveals the necessity of critique and review of literature more than ever. In the meantime, the investigation of the unreliable narrator becomes more important in a teenage novel. Because the author intends to turn the adolescent from an audience to a well-informed critic by creating contradictions, uncertainties and suspension of text using invalid narrator. This study, using descriptiveanalytical method, investigates the causes and evidence that narrator was unreliable and effects of it on the epistemological aspect of the adolescent novel When mozhi lost by Hamidreza Shahabadi and using the existing contradictions and contradictions in the text to take a step forward to increase the critical reading abilities in adolescent readers. The result shows that from one hand, factors such as being children, the narrator's personal conflict with story characters, with content signs, such as the insufficient reporting, the contradiction between the story realities and the narrator's point of view and the narrator's confessions to lying leads to a reduction in the audience's trust towards the narrator. On the other hand, the story, which is more of the recognition and discovery of causes and factors of the story of the story, stands out in the epistemological dimension. And the unreliable narrator, with the contradictions who creates in the text, is a mean that challenges that cognition and knowledge and considers it relative.

The principle of common but distinct responsibilities as a very subtle technique has helped governments to come together to ratify several international environmental conventions and thus enforce the rule of law and develop international environmental law. The global desire for international cooperation in the direction of environmental protection has been specified in many binding and non-binding documents of international environmental law, which can be considered as the beginning of principle 24 of the Stockholm Declaration of 1972. Equity in jurisdictions subject to English Common Law refers to a set of general rules that "governe all laws" and "all civil laws derive from it" and form the foundation of the Common Law legal system.
In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to examine the principle of joint responsibility of governments in international environmental laws and its relationship with the position of the rule of equity in Iranian law. The basic question is that the principle of joint responsibility of governments in What is the relationship between international environmental laws and the principle of fairness, the resulting result indicates that fairness is not affected by any government law" and is everything, even beyond the law. Fairness allows the courts to act as they see fit; and apply justice in accordance with natural law Sometimes in the interpretation of the law, sometimes in filling the void of the law, and sometimes instead of the law, it is one of the examples and reflection of "just principles" and it is considered part of the rights at the decision-making level, and referring to it does not require the consent of the parties to the dispute.

The present study aimed to identify the needs of senior managers in the Iranian telecommunications industry. For this purpose, the mixed research method was used. In this way, in the qualitative part of the research and in order to be aware of the activities of senior managers, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 experts, using the coding method, five main activities (leadership, strategic orientation), Future studies, organizational architecture and planning, organization and supervision) and thirty-five sub-activities were identified. In the quantitative part of the research and based on the findings of the qualitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed to identify the needs of senior managers and was performed on a sample of 172 managers who were selected by non-probability sampling method. In order to ensure the validity of the questionnaire, while using the research literature and compiling indicators based on the findings of other researchers and interviewing experts, experts were asked to comment on the content of the questionnaire. Chronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability was calculated to be 0.91, which indicated the validity of the questionnaire. The identified needs were analyzed using SPSS 24 software. To identify the appropriate method to meet the identified needs, oneway chi-square test was used. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, all identified methods have been approved to meet the needs of senior managers.

Strategic orientation, in addition to creating tangible results in the relationship between the organization and environmental variables, causes the formation of mentalities in the minds of people about the quality of the organization's relationship with environmental variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of strategic orientation variable on the expectation of customer relationship continuity with respect to the mediating role of customer relationship quality. The statistical population of the study includes managers and auditors of auditing firms of organizations listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and Securities Organization and members of the research sample were selected through random sampling. To test the research hypotheses, data were collected from a sample of two hundred and two people using a standard questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and PLS SMART software. Findings show a positive effect of strategic orientation on the quality of customer relationship and expectation of continued customer relationship. The research findings also indicate the mediating role of customer relationship quality in the relationship between strategic orientation and customer relationship expectation.

 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal disease affecting the lung, and currently there is no efficient therapy for this condition. Curcumin, as a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, could repress the pulmonary fibrosis (PF) caused by Bleomycin (BLM).

 The aim of the research was to evaluate the protective activity of a nano-formulation of curcumin administered by inhalation on BLM-induced PF in rats.

 Eighty rats were randomly divided into eight experimental groups. Group one (control) that received saline intratracheally (IT) and subjected to vehicle inhalation. Group two to eight each received a single dose of BLM (5 IU/kg, IT) along with vehicle inhalation, oral prednisolone, oral curcumin, curcumin inhalation, and nano-curcumin inhalation with the doses of 50, 100, and 200 µg/kg, respectively. In the control and other groups, BLM was injected intratracheally on the first day of the experiment. In the treatment groups, curcumin suspension was prepared in distilled water and applied through nebulization for 21 consecutive days after BLM intratracheal administration. Then the rats were euthanized, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, PDGF), hydroxyproline, and IL-10 (as a protective cytokine) were measured. Also, lung histopathological features were examined.

 The synthesized nano-formulation reduced the overall hydroxyproline content of lungs in BLM-treated rats (P < 0.002). In addition, TNF-α, TGF-β, and PDGF levels significantly increased in the lungs of BLM-instilled rats (P < 0.001). However, the nano-formulation of curcumin (200 µg/kg) significantly decreased the levels of these inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.001) and increased IL-10 level (P = 0.0144) compared with the control group.

 The nebulization of nano-curcumin is suggested as a novel approach for the treatment of PF induced by BLM in rats. Our findings revealed that the inhalation (as a safe local drug delivery system approach) of the nano-curcumin at a dose of 200 µg/kg (formulated by cyclodextrin) could effectively protect the lung against PF.

Choosing the appropriate concept for the engine components and systems is one of the essential issues that influence directly on the cost and functional characteristics of the product. For selecting the right concept for an engine component, it is necessary to take different contradictory factors into account.  Parameters like functional aspects, durability, cost of production and assembly issues are commonly of interest for selecting the best concepts. In this research, concept evaluation and choosing the best concept for an engine component was investigated using multi-criteria decision-making techniques. The purpose of this study is to investigate the problem of selecting the appropriate cam bearing frame concept from available four concepts based on 10 measurement indicators. For this purpose, this research is intended to use the DEMATLE-ANP-TOPSIS compilation method for modeling and solving the problem. At the beginning, using the DEMATEL method, the relationship between multi criteria is determined and afterwards ANP method determined the weight of the criteria. Finally, the TOPSIS method was used to rank the options. The results, for the selected case indicated that the two-piece ladder frame (concept 4) is the preferred option.

The efficiency of the Islamic political system is one of the most important issues in the present-day Islamic, or rather human society. Regarding the fact that the political system of Islam has come under attack, the explanation of monotheistic foundations and its politico-social capacities is deemed necessary in the realm of research and investigation. The aim of this research is to provide an answer to the question, “What effect does the belief in the Unity of Legal Lordliness and Unity of the Deity have on the efficiency of the political system of Islam? Drawing upon the library-analytic method, the article seeks to cast light on the effect the Unity of the Legal Lordliness and Unity of Deity may have on the efficiency of the Islamic political system. To have a belief in these two forms of unity or monotheism in certain respects such as increase in piety, morality, and spirituality, securing sufficient livelihood, accountability-based freedom, all-embracing justice and independence – which are taken to be the standards of the efficiency of the political system -- pave the way to make the political system efficient. Nonbelief in and noncommitment to these two forms of unity as mentioned above reduces the efficiency of the political system to some considerable extent, though one may have a belief in other grades of monotheism (unity) such as Unity of the Divine Essence and Attributes.

Many kinds of marine diesel engines may not be used before or during the period of maintenance, boat overhaul, cold season, etc. Because some parts of an engine or its accessories are not corrosion resistant and during the preservation period, when the engine is no smeared with oil or any protective substance, it is required for the diesel engine to pass a process to ensure its good health. This paper presents a root cause analysis of corrosion in a marine diesel engine liner after years of preservation. So at first, methods of engine and component protection are presented in preservation process. Then, by presenting a diesel engine liner corroded during the preservation process, the effect of careless and inappropriate preservation is assessed. Results show that not complete discharge of cooling fluid from the space between liner and cylinder block and also ambient humidity entrance into engine compartment due to tearing of aluminum protective foil are the main reasons of atmospheric corrosion in this marine diesel engine liner.

In this paper, flow and heat transfer of nanofluid through a converging or diverging channel with porous medium is investigated. The fluid constantly flows under the effect of magnetic field through the channel. The diverging/converging fluid motion is modeled using the momentum and energy equations. The influence of some parameters such as opening channel angle, Reynolds number and Darcy’s number when the nanofluid flows through the non-parallel plates are studied. It is seen that high Reynolds number enhances the fluid viscosity while decreases velocity. Similarly, heat transfer reduces at high Darcy’s number owing to decreased flow consequently internal friction reduces. The obtained results in comparison with the similar studies in the literatures show satisfactory agreement.

This work investigated the transfer factor of radionuclides from clay loam soil to sesame and cowpea plants.

Twenty samples from the plant and twenty samples from its soil were collected from five different locations (farms). Gamma-ray spectrometry was used to determine the activity concentration for the samples. In addition, the soil physicochemical characteristics such as pH value, the amount of organic content and texture of soil were investigated by pH meter, Walkley-Black and particle size distribution (Pipette) methods, respectively.

The average activity concentrations, respectively, of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 12.75, 10.20 and 131.75 Bq kg-1 for the clay loam soil, 5.20, 4.15 and 171.00 Bq kg-1 for sesame and 6.70, 5.60 and 182.90 Bq kg-1 for cowpea. The transfer factor from soil to sesame and cowpea was discussed. The average values of transfer factor were 0.51, 0.53 and 1.36 (for cowpea) and 0.42, 0.43 and 1.33 (for sesame), respectively for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The results showed that the transfer factor in cowpea is much greater than that in sesame. As a result of the ingestion of the radionuclides from the plants, the average annual dose was lower than the 290 μSv y-1 world average.

Accordingly, the radiological risk due to the intake of the natural radionuclides in these plants was immaterial.

Forest’s ecosystem is one of the most important carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Remote sensing technology provides robust techniques to estimate biomass and solve challenges in forest resource assessment. The present study explored the potential of Sentinel-2 bands to estimate biomass and comparatively analyzed of red-edge band based and broadband derived vegetation indices. Broadband indices include normalized difference vegetation index, modified simple ratio and atmospherically resistant VI. Whereas, red-edge band indices include two red-edge normalized difference vegetation index and sentinel-2 red-edge position. Results showed that red-edge band derived spectral indices have performed better than the Broadband indices. The coefficient of correlation for normalized difference vegetation index, modified simple ratio and atmospherically resistant-VI was 0.51, 0.44 and 0.31 respectively, On the other hand, red-edge band indices showed higher correlation of R2 0.62, 0.64 and 0.55, respectively. Similarly, in stepwise regression red-edge normalized difference vegetation index (using band 6) was selected in final model (as overall R2 of the model was 0.60) while all other indices were removed because they have non-significant relationship with the biomass. Accuracy assessment shown the red-edge index has highest R2 (0.64) and least error of (31.29 t/ha) and therefore the study concluded that narrowband indices performed better to estimate biomass and thus final model contained only red-edge index to predict biomass over the study area. The study suggests that more in-depth research should be conducted to explore further properties of red-edge indices for vegetation parameters prediction.

This study was conducted to determine the presence and molecular identify of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba in unimproved hot springs.

From Jul to Aug 2017, 54 water samples were collected from hot springs in different parts of the Guilan Province, North Iran. For the isolation of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba approximately 500 ml of the water samples were filtered through a cellulose nitrate membrane with a pore size of 0.45 μm. The filter was transferred onto non-nutrient agar plates seeded with Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) as a food source. The morphological key of page was used to identify free‐living amoebae (FLA) using an inverted microscope, PCR amplification targeting specific genes for each genus and sequencing determined frequent species and genotypes base on NCBI database.

Fifteen of the 54 samples were positive by culture and/or PCR for Acanthamoeba and other FLA from unimproved hot springs. By sequencing the positive isolates, the strains were shown to belong to Acanthamoeba castellanii (12 case isolates belonged to T4 genotype), 4 cases of V. vermiformis, and 3 cases of N. australiensis, 2 cases of N. pagei and 1 cases of N. gruberi.

Although FLA-mediated illnesses are not as high as in environmental distribution, but because of a poor prognosis, more investigations about FLA distribution in hot springs is critical. Hot spring may enhance exposure of the amoebae in individuals. Hence, more attention to unimproved hot springs is needed to prevent free-living amoebae mediated diseases.

This study is aimed at evaluating seismic responses of a bridge pier isolated by high damping rubber bearing (HDRBs), subjected to intra-plate and inter-plate earthquake ground motion records. In this regard, a conventional bilinear model and two elasto-visco-plasticity-based rheology models (the original rheology model [36] and an improved rheology model proposed in the current study) of HDRBs have been utilized in this study. In the first part of the paper, the adequacy of the two elasto-visco-plasticity-based rheology models has been checked in predicting the mechanical behaviour of the HDRBs, subjected to sinusoidal loadings. The numerical results of the HDRBs have shown that the improved rheology model can predict the mechanical behaviour of the bearings in a quite better way in comparison to the original rheology model, particularly at higher shear strain levels of the bearings. In the second part, seismic response analysis of a 3-DOF bridge superstructure–pier–foundation (s–p–f) system has been evaluated. In the end, nonlinear dynamic analysis using a standard direct time integration approach has been carried out. The seismic responses of the s–p–f system considered in the current study are the pier and deck displacements, the shear force of the bridge pier, the shear strain of the bearing and the total hysteretic energy of the bearings. The analytical results have shown that the rheology modeling of HDRBs has a significant effect on seismic responses of bridge pier.

 Percutaneous kidney biopsy has been established as a safe, reliable and minimally invasive method for diagnosing abnormalities. This study aims to describe the author’s experience with biopsy of the kidney and to compare the results between sitting and prone position in terms of the safety and relevant complications.

Patients were divided into two groups: prone and sitting position based on the clinician’s and patient’s preferences for the biopsy. Followed by kidney biopsy, its relevant complications were analyzed in both groups. Then, data and the mean number of obtained glomeruli in each group were compared.

Apart from sweating, presumably due to the prone position, no significant differences were found regarding the side effects including dizziness, seizure, nausea, and vomiting between the two groups. The number of obtained glomeruli was not significantly different between prone and sitting position.

In comparison with the prone position, kidney biopsy at sitting position is a good choice of procedure at least for patients who could not tolerate prone position. We recommend sitting position for kidney biopsy owing to the lower side effect and more comfortable experience for many patients. However, clinician may probably become a bit uncomfortable with this position.

: This study aims to explore the relationship between syntactic and lexical complexity and also the relationship between different aspects of lexical complexity. To this end, speech monologs of 35 Iranian high-intermediate learners of English on three different tasks (i.e. argumentation, description, and narration) were analyzed for correlations between one measure of syntactic complexity (mean number of clauses per Analysis of Speech Unit) and two measures of lexical complexity (diversity and sophistication). Spearman’s rho was used to calculate correlations between the average scores for syntactic and lexical complexity obtained from the three tasks and also for each of the three tasks individually. The results showed that the average scores for lexical diversity and lexical sophistication correlated positively, but the correlation was found only for the narration task. Also, the average scores for syntactic complexity did not correlate significantly with any of the average scores for the two measures of lexical complexity. However, the pattern of results differed across the three tasks. In the argumentation task, syntactic complexity correlated significantly only with lexical diversity. Syntactic complexity did not correlate significantly with any of the two measures of lexical complexity in the description task. In the case of the narrative task, there was a significant correlation between syntactic complexity and both measures of lexical complexity. The results are discussed in light of Levelt’s (1989) speaking model

Mining is among the oldest industries. It is the primary source of raw materials for most of the sectors. Little is known about the complex inter-sectoral carbon linkages of the mining industry. In this work, we estimate the inter- and intra-sectoral carbon linkage impacts of the mining sector across ten major economies by applying an input-output model, and the hypothetical extraction method and its modified version. The hypothetical extraction method removes an industrial block from an economic system, and afterwards, it makes a comparison between the before and after removal values. China with 195.47 Mt has the highest mining emissions, followed by USA, India, and Canada with 110.99 Mt, 108.79 Mt, and 76.92 Mt, respectively. The India’s mining sector with 26.33 t/104</sup> $ is the most carbon-intensive, followed by Japan and Canada with 6.84 t/104</sup> $ and 5.22 t/104</sup> $, respectively. China’s carbon emissions with -11.56% and -11.28%, respectively, have been affected the most by the total extraction of mining sector and forward carbon linkages, while for the backward carbon linkage, Canada with -1.33% has been affected the most. Canada has the highest mixed and internal emissions of 0.42 Mt and 47.88 Mt, respectively. However, China has the highest net-backward and net-forward emissions of 16.91 Mt and 189.22 Mt, respectively. For all nations, the mining sector is a net exporter of emissions to other industries. Based on the numerical findings, in this work, we discuss the mitigation measures for both the direct and indirect mining emissions.

Strategic planning is an appropriate strategy for improving hospitals’ performance and increasing managers’ responsiveness and accountability. Iranian hospitals were requested to have mandatory strategic plans due to the accreditation requrements since 2012. As a result, they faced several challenges in formulating and implementing strategic plans. Hence, this study aimed to identify the perquisites of hospital strategic planning.

This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 47 managers of teaching, private, military, social security and charity hospitals in 2016. Hospitals were selected purposefully from Tehran province hospitals. Content thematic analysis was used for data analysis using inductive approach.  

Justifying the need for strategic planning, using an appropriate strategic planning model, training hospital managers and employees on strategic planning process, providing necessary resources, promoting a collaborative and innovative culture, providing incentives for formulating and implementing strategic plans and managers’ and employees’ commitment and involvement are the main prerequisites of strategic planning in hospitals.

Hospitals managers must commit the strategic planning prerequisites prior to formulating and implementing strategic plans. Otherwise, they will encounter several serious challenges.

Participatory democracy is considered as one of the democratic models of developed countries applicable to small local administrative contexts such as cities through the instrument of local or municipal referendum. In the Italian legal system these processes and tools exist, and the study of scientific foundations, rules and practices of all kinds of local and municipal referendums can be a good example for the scientific community and the developing legal system of Iran, which has so far been deprived of this instrument. The importance of the research is due to the possibility that the correct description of participatory democracy and municipal referendums in Italy can be an example for the Iranian system, given that answer the question that can municipal referendums raise popular participation about governance and can they help to stabilize democracy and decentralization or not, it’s a help to discuss methods for strengthen democracy in Iran. Finally, it will be demonstrated that participatory democracy, and in particular municipal referendums, will in some way guarantee legal development, popular participation, consolidation of the democratic system and decentralization in Italy, and developing countries such as Iran, providing strengths and weaknesses points are recognized, can benefit from this model and can promoting their governance components.