فهرست مطالب ali kamrani

Meniere's disease is an inner ear disorder not associated with central brain structure involvement. Although the ECochG test has been commonly used to diagnose Meniere's disease recently, it has not demonstrated high sensitivity. Therefore, it is recommended that other complementary tests alongside the ECochG test be used to diagnose Meniere's disease. The SVV test has gained popularity recently for this reason, and in this study, it was decided to use the SVV test in both static and dynamic modes, along with the ECochG test, as a tool for diagnosing Meniere's disease and evaluating its diagnostic features. The study was conducted on 53 patients with confirmed unilateral Meniere's disease and a normal group. Means were calculated with a 95% confidence interval for the groups, and the corresponding graphs were plotted. Independent t-tests were used to examine the difference in SVV results between the normal and Meniere's groups. The ROC curve was then used to determine the cutoff point and calculate. After investigating the cutoff point for the three SVV conditions (tilted towards the lesion), a cutoff point of 2.1 degrees with a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 0.7 was identified as the best condition for distinguishing the Meniere's group from the healthy group. Finally, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the SVV test has relatively low sensitivity for diagnosing Meniere's disease. Therefore, more than relying solely on its results to identify Meniere's disease is required, and it is suggested that other measures alongside the ECochG and SVV tests be included in future studies for further investigation.

The aim was to assess prevalence of tinnitus, hyperacusis, hearing and balance problems among patients recovered from COVID-19 infection. Self-reported ear and hearing symptoms were compared in three groups comprising: confirmed COVID-19, possible COVID-19, and non-COVID-19. 1649 participants completed the survey in this cross-sectional study. The mean age was 34 years and 65% were female. Participants with confirmed and possible COVID-19 were asked if after their infection (compared to the past) they experienced hearing loss, ringing or whistling noises, fullness or blockage in their ears, loudness of the sounds that are normal to other people bother them more (an indication of hyperacusis), dizziness, giddiness, or imbalance.  Among participants with confirmed COVID-19, 16% reported that compared to the past their hearing has decreased, 21.5% noticed tinnitus, 22.5% aural fullness, 26.1% hyperacusis and 17.3% balance problems. Regression models showed that compared to the non-COVID-19 group, participants with confirmed COVID-19 had odds ratios (ORs) of significantly greater than 1 in predicting presence of self-reported symptoms of hearing loss, tinnitus, aural fullness, hyperacusis and balance problems, OR=1.96 (p=0.001), OR=1.63 (p=0.003), OR=1.8 (p<0.001), OR=2.2 (p<0.001), and OR=2.99 (p<0.001), respectively. There seem to be higher prevalence of self-report symptoms of ear-related problems among individuals with confirmed COVID-19 infection compared to a non-COVID-19 group during the pandemic.

The present study investigates the role of psychological patterns and the duration of smartphone and laptop use on neck pain.

The statistical population of this correlational study included all students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad-Iran, in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two-hundred forty-two students were selected by the multi-stage cluster method. The data were gathered through NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Nordic Neck Pain Scale, and a researcher-made questionnaire to check smartphone and laptop usage hours. Information and data were analyzed using the structural equation model.

The results showed that personality traits and their dimensions (such as flexibility, neuroticism, introversion/extroversion, work conscientiousness, and agreeableness), psychological stress and its subscales (anxiety, depression, and stress), and the duration of using smartphone and laptop could not have a significant effect on neck pain (P> 0.05) (Power AGFI> 0.90, Power RMSEA> 0.90).

Based on the findings, psychological patterns and the duration of smartphone and laptop use have no significant effects on neck pain, and it is necessary to use more accurate tools to investigate in a wider and deeper way.

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a rare bone defect in the petrous part of the temporal bone. In this syndrome, a third window is created between the middle cranial fossa and the bony labyrinth of the inner ear which can lead to stimulation of the vestibular system by sound. Patients usually have symptoms such as vertigo, imbalance, autophony, pulsatile tinnitus, and aural fullness. The clinical symptoms of this disease vary from person to person.

The Case: 

This study reports a case of a rare bilateral SSCD in a 39-year-old woman with imbalance and autophony problems. The audiological findings showed a bilateral mild conductive hearing loss at low frequencies with symptoms of vertigo and torsional nystagmus. The SSCD was diagnosed by computed tomography. Then, the patient underwent bone repair surgery. Auditory and balance tests were performed again after the surgery to evaluate the extent of recovery.

The SSCD can be diagnosed by using the mentioned test battery. By choosing the appropriate treatment methods and following up of the outcomes, most of the problems of patients with SSCD can be solved.

Previous studies on the factors affecting the generation and spread of crime in society have shown that social, economic, family, and personal characteristics and abilities are among the factors influencing the emergence of crime. According to these findings, the present study was conducted to improve the skills of kindergarten children with a developmental crime prevention perspective, using social skills training, thinking, and teaching the basic concepts of coding. 

In this study, 32 children were selected among the kindergartens in Mashhad city by a convenient sampling method in 2020. Training presented by kindergarten teachers who participated in the necessary workshops. Gresham and Elliott Social Skills Rating System and Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions were used for evaluation. Data analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, with SPSS version 23. 

The results showed, planning (w= -2.88, P= 0.002), inhibition (w= -2.73, P= 0.005) and shift (w= -2.61, P= 0.008) from executive functions and as well as cooperation (w= -2.20, P= 0.03) from social skills have been improved, no other significant changes or improvements were found. 

Intervention in kindergarten age using social skills, thinking and coding can improve the cooperation of social skills and planning, inhibition, and shift from executive functions. Finally based on available resources these skills can reduce the economic and personal context of crime.

Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to conduct research in various fields related to this issue, and participation as one of the main health factors according to World Health Organization, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety caused by COVID-19 and participation during the social distancing among Iranian population.

In this cross sectional-correlation study, 108 participants completed health anxiety and participation questionnaires. Data analyzed through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman ranking correlation test, and SPSS v24 software.

The findings showed that men showed more participation during the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing. Greater fear of getting infected by COVID-19 and general health concerns resulted in lower participation of individuals (r= 0.194, P< 0.05). The higher general health concern due to COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more restrictions on people's lives (r= 0.121, P< 0.05).

The findings of the present study indicated the role of gender in people's participation during social distancing and also the role of health anxiety due to the COVID-19 outbreak on participation and restrictions on people's participation. The relationship between participation and health constraints and anxiety can be used as an outline for guiding and designing smart distancing policies.