ali khalafi

Using novel educational methods in teaching medical sciences is very important. The SCORPIO model is one such method that can be used as an interactive educational station and a combination of other educational methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the SCORPIO model in the acquisition of knowledge and skills of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction among undergraduate nursing anesthesia students.

The present study was a randomized controlled study with a pre-test-post-test design including an intervention and a control group. The participants were undergraduate nursing anesthesia students studying in the 3rd and 5th semesters. Sixty students were selected using convenience method and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the students’ knowledge and an OSCE test to assess their skills. The intervention group attended three 2-hour training sessions where the knowledge and skills of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction was taught using the SCORPIO model. The control group, on the other hand, received the same content through conventional teaching methods including lectures and the use of manikins in three 2-hour sessions.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics (p<0.05). The mean score of students' knowledge of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction before the intervention was (1.83) 12.47 in the intervention group and (1.71) 12.63 in the control group. Also, the mean score of students' skill of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction before the intervention was (1.44) 12.07 in the intervention group and (1.43) 12.43 in the control group, which indicated no statistically significant difference according to independent t-test (p=0.71 and p=0.32, respectively). After the intervention, however, the results of the paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the knowledge and skill scores, with the students in the intervention group obtaining higher scores of knowledge and skills (p<0.001), while this was not the case in the control group (p=0.26 and p=0.64, respectively).

The SCORPIO model improves the knowledge and skills of airway management peri-anesthesia induction in undergraduate nursing anesthesia students

One of the feedback methods is visual self-evaluation, which is a type of immediate feedback provided after a task. It is at the level of self-regulation. Mastery in learning requires accurate evaluation of clinical skills, and visual self-evaluation can help learners to master the stages of skill implementation.

The present study investigated the effect of visual self-evaluation on the endotracheal intubation skill of nurse anesthesia students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

This randomized controlled study was conducted in April and May of 2023. 63 second- and third-year nurse anesthesia students were allocated to the intervention (visual self-evaluation) and control (conventional methods) groups according to the academic year, using stratified random sampling. The skill of endotracheal intubation was taught using visual self-evaluation method in the intervention group while the same skill was taught in the control group based on the conventional methods, i.e. lecture, practical training, and practice on the mannequin under the supervision of the instructor. Visual self-evaluation and conventional teaching methods were compared in terms of learning outcomes. The endotracheal intubation skill evaluation checklist developed by hart was used to evaluate endotracheal intubation skill. The students of the intervention group also completed a questionnaire to measure their satisfaction with the visual self-evaluation method.

The students with a mean age of 21.53 ± 3.65 years, participated in this study. About 73% of the participants were women. The mean scores of students in the post-test compared to the pre-test in both intervention (23.56 ± 2.68 at baseline and increased to 28.87 ± 4.80) and control (24.03 ± 2.22 at baseline and increased to 25.19 ± 2.46) groups increased significantly (P < 0.001), but the mean post-test scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001). Also, the mean satisfaction score in the intervention group was 40.79 ± 1.22 out of a maximum of 50, which indicates a very high satisfaction with the adoption of visual self-evaluation method in clinical education.

The use of visual self-evaluation not only had a significant effect on improving the clinical skill of nurse anesthesia students but also was effective in helping them learn self-regulation and achieve mastery and independence. This method is recommended as a low-cost and effective method to be used along with other educational methods.

Professionalism is defined as a set of knowledge, skills, moral values, and personal and group identity that affect the quality of providing care to patients.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Multi-Source Feedback (MSF) on the professionalism level of nurse anesthesia students.

This study was a randomized controlled trial adopting a pre-test/post-test design and involved a sample of 46 third- and fourth-year nurse anesthesia students selected using the census method (27 females and 19 males with a mean age of 20.91). They were divided equally into two groups of 23 each. Students in the intervention group received MSF during the 3-month period of their academic semester. At the end of each month, they were evaluated by 3 external evaluators, including an anesthesiologist, a nurse anesthetist, and a nurse anesthesia instructor, using a researcher-made checklist. In addition to the mentioned evaluators, the students performed self-evaluation using the Professional Self-description Form (PSDF). Based on the scores of the evaluators, the necessary feedback was given to the students online and offline. Meanwhile, the students in the control group received routine training and feedback during the internship. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures MANOVA test.

The intervention group consistently scored higher in professionalism than the control group. Over time, the gap between the two groups increased, with the intervention group achieving significantly higher improvement (P < 0.001). In the intervention group, the mean scores obtained from all evaluators including the nurse anesthesia instructor, the nurse anesthetist, the anesthesiologist, and self-evaluation were 62.43 ± 3.86, 63.13 ± 4.67, 61.26 ± 3.94 and 80.91 ± 6.86 at baseline, which rose to 87.52 ± 6.04, 88.69 ± 6.37, 83.00 ± 7.33 and 101.82 ± 5.59, respectively (P < 0.001). Specifically, the two groups experienced an upward trend in terms of the MSF score, yet the control group displayed a slight increase, while the intervention group demonstrated a significantly steeper rise. Intergroup effect tests consistently revealed that across all evaluators, the intervention group outperformed the control group (P < 0.001).

The multi-source evaluation process had a statistically significant effect on the level of professionalism of nurse anesthesia students. It is possible to benefit from integrating this method with other evaluation methods in future studies.

The families of children with intellectual disability, especially their mothers, are under more psychological and physical disterss than the mothers of healthy children, such a situation can lead to a decrease in life satisfaction and mental health in the mothers of these children. therefore, purpose of this study was to investigating mediating role of grit in the relationship between psychological hardiness and resilience with life satisfaction and mental health among mothers of children with intellectual disability

In this research the statistical population all mothers of children with intellectual disability of Khorramabad in year of 2022-2023. The sample size was selected based on Kline (2023) formula and with subjective sampling method of 300 people. To measure the variables, satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), mental health inventory (MHI), psychological hardiness scale (PHS), resilience scale (CD-RISC) and short grit scale (GRIT–S). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated.

The findings showed that the direct paths were significant and grit in the relationship between psychological hardiness and life satisfaction (β=0.521 and sig=0.005), psychological well-being (β=0.471 and sig=0.002) and psychological helplessness (β=0.352 and sig=0.038) has a mediating and significant role. Finally, the results showed that grit in the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction (β=0.535 and sig=0.003), psychological well-being (β=0.271 and sig=0.036) and psychological helplessness (β=0.311 and sig=0.013) has a mediating and significant role. In addition, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data and analyses also revealed that 89% of the variance of life satisfaction, 77% of the variance of psychological well-being and 75% of the variance of psychological helplessness is explained by psychological hardiness and resilience with mediating role of grit.

It can be concluded that the welfare organization, in addition to providing material assistance and support to these families, should also pay attention to the problems of the mothers of these children, and with the help of psychologists and workers, mothers who are less satisfied with life and health should be taken into consideration.

Lack of clinical competence can endanger the patient’s safety and reduce the quality of providing health care services. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of formative Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) with immediate verbal and visual feedback on the clinical competence of fourth-year nurse anesthesia students. This was a single blind quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design in compliance with the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement. Fortyeightstudents were allocated to intervention (n=24) and control (n=24) groups. During the academic semester, the students of the intervention group attended 3 sessions of formative OSCE (5 stations) with immediate verbal and visual feedback. In the control group, however, the students received in-person feedback according to curricular routine. The data collection tool includedtwo sections. The first section included a questionnaire to collect demographic information such as age, sex, grade point average and marital status. In the second section, clinical competenceof students was measured by Common Clinical Assessment Tool (CCAT). The collected data were analyzed by Analysis of Covariance, paired T-test, Chi-square, and Fischer’s exact test inSPSS, version 16.
Comparing post-test scores by ANCOVA showed a significant difference between groups (P=0.001) because there was a significant positive change in the overall clinical competencescore in the intervention group after receiving formative OSCE.
This study showed that regular implementation of formative OSCEs in nurse anesthesia education fosters learning and has a positive effect on improving students’ educationalbehaviors and helps them learn more efficiently. However, it is recommended to conduct more studies with a larger number of participants to confirm this conclusion.

This cross-sectional study proposed a model of job calling and collected data using spiritualty calling, job calling, job crafting, job well-being and job flow questionnaires. The model was evaluated in AMOS-21 and SPSS-21 using structural equation modeling. The path coefficients of job calling toward spiritualty calling, job crafting and job flow and those of job crafting toward job well-being and job flow were positive and significant. Using the bootstrap procedure showed the indirect effects of job calling on job well-being and job flow through job crafting. Job calling should be considered in recruiting teachers given the positive effects of job calling on job crafting, job well-being and job flow of teachers and positive effects of aligned job calling with organizational objectives on organizational efficiency. Acquainting teachers with the structure and applications of job calling is also crucial.

Social anxiety is one of the most prevalent and debilitating anxiety disorders. Students with social anxiety are faced with countless problems, e.g., dropping out of school at a young age, showing avoidance behavior in social situations, and experiencing lower levels of social support and mental health. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and emotional schema therapy on rumination and anxiety sensitivity in students with social anxiety disorder (SAD).

This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design with a follow-up stage. The statistical population included the female senior high school students of Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province (Iran) in 2022–2023. Random sampling was employed to select 75 out of 120 listed students, randomly assigned to three 25-member groups (i.e., two experimental groups and a control group). The research instruments included the Rumination Response Scale (RRS), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). The ANCOVA was then used for data analysis.

According to the results, both therapies affected rumination and anxiety sensitivity in students with SAD (P-value<0.001). However, MBSR had greater effects than emotional schema therapy on anxiety sensitivity. In addition, two therapies had no significant differences regarding effects on rumination.

The MBSR and EST can alleviate rumination and anxiety in female students with social anxiety. Given the positive effects of MBSR and emotional schema therapy, it is recommended that they be used in schools, psychotherapy centers, and counseling clinics to help students with SAD.

Simulation training is currently the most widely used training method for practical skills in the field of medicine and treatment. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of personalized video feedback in endotracheal intubation skills and the satisfaction of undergraduate anesthesia students using the video feedback method.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on anesthesia students of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz in 2021. A total of 46 students were selected via convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups (intervention and control) by block method. For the intervention group, a personalized video feedback session was also implemented in addition to a one-session training on endotracheal intubation using a mannequin. To collect data, a questionnaire on students' demographic characteristics, a researcher-made checklist of tracheal intubation skills, and a researcher-made satisfaction questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 25) using statistical tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Based on the obtained results, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The mean scores of endotracheal intubation skill scores before the intervention were 54.45±7.34 and 52.38±6.06 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, demonstrating no statistically significant difference (P=0.32). After the intervention, the mean skill scores reached 65.36±5.66 and 51.90±3.9 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, illustrating a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). After the intervention, the mean scores of satisfaction with endotracheal intubation training were 117.72±11.68 and 60.57±35.28 in intervention and control groups, respectively, pointing to a statistically significant difference (P<0.001).

Considering the effectiveness of personalized video feedback intervention in the endotracheal intubation skill and satisfaction of undergraduate anesthesia students, it is suggested to implement this method in teaching the tracheal intubation skills among undergraduate anesthesia students.

Most serious adverse events in health care are related to non-technical skills failures. Anesthesiology profession, due to its vital, risky and decisive nature, is more focused on technical, physiological and medicinal aspects compared with other professions, and anesthesia experts and researchers have not paid serious attention to non-technical aspects of their work. This study examined the effect of simulation-based interprofessional education (SBIPE) in small groups on non-technical skills of anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists. This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted during April and May 2023 on anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists in the operating room of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Participants included 64 anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists who were randomly assigned into an intervention group (n=32) and a control group (n=32). The intervention group was divided into small groups to receive three hours of SBIPE. The Anesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) scale which encompasses four components of task management, team working, situation awareness, and decision-making was used to collect data. To analyze the data, independent and paired t-tests were used. In the intervention group, the mean scores of task management, team working, situation awareness and decision-making were 9.32±2.29, 7.96±2.05, 7.84±1.91 and 6.00±1.61 at baseline and increased to 12.36±2.18, 12.28±2.31, 12.28±2.19 and 10.04±1.62, respectively (P<0.001). In the control group, however, changes were significant only in the task management component (9.20±2.27 to 10.76±1.59) (P=0.004). Compared with simulation-based uniprofessional education, SBIPE was more effective in improving non-technical skills of anesthesia providers. Therefore, similar interprofessional education programs can be used to improve non-technical skills of anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists.

Students with a social anxiety disorder (SAD) face a variety of problems such as early dropout, academic failure, and avoidance of social situations. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on cognitive avoidance and emotion regulation strategies in female students with SAD through an emotional schema therapy (EST) approach. In this semi-experimental study, a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design was used. The study population included female high school students with SAD in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2023. Out of 120 students with SAD who met the inclusion criteria, 75 were randomly selected as the study participants and were then assigned to three groups of 25 (two experimental groups and one control group). Training sessions for mindfulness-based stress management and EST were conducted in eight 90-minute sessions twice a week. For data collection, the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was done using the ANCOVA test and SPSS version 23. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. In the posttest, mean±SD for cognitive avoidance, reappraisal, and suppression in the mindfulness-based stress reduction training group was 50.71±6.78, 32.87±2.65, and 14.08±5.68, respectively; suggesting a significant difference as compared with the control group (82.91±2.18, 12.53±6.75, and 20.81±2.74) (P<0.001). In addition, mean±SD for cognitive avoidance, reappraisal, and suppression in the EST group and the post-test phase was 61.52±5.71, 38.91±1.15, and 10.36±7.32, respectively; suggesting a significant difference as compared with the control group. The mindfulness-based stress management training was more effective than EST in reducing cognitive avoidance (P<0.001). By contrast, EST was more effective than mindfulness-based training in improving emotion regulation strategies (P<0.001). The study results suggested that mindfulness-based stress management training and EST can effectively reduce cognitive avoidance and improve emotion regulation strategies in students with SAD.

Distance education as a training method is used today to train nurses around the world. This study aimed to determine the impact of using the community of inquiry modelon the quality of distance learning of airway management among anesthesia nurse students. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test posttest design conducted at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected by census, and they weresecond, third, and fourth-year nurse anesthesia students (n=66). The participants were assigned to intervention and control groups (n=33 each) based on the table of random numbers. Given the three dimensions of the community of inquiry model, interventions were carried out in terms of social, teaching, and cognitive dimensions to increase social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence. Data collection tools included a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Independent T-test, paired T-test, ANCOVA, and Chi-square in SPSS software, version 16. The results showed that the promotion of each of the three elements of the community of inquiry model had a significant effect on the quality of distance learning of airway management. Moreover, the mean scores of these elements were significantly different (P˂0.001) in the intervention and control groups [teaching presence (3.742±0.453 vs. 2.573±0.241), social presence (2.245±0.488 vs. 1.434±0.297), and cognitive presence (3.421±0.569 vs. 2.369±0.223].
The community of inquiry is a practical and effective framework for the better design and implementation of distance education courses. Therefore, nursing educators and coursedesigners are strongly recommended to use this framework in nursing education.

An important part of anesthesia management is opening and maintaining the patient’s airway. Failure to establish and maintain a safe airway for patients during anesthesia is a life-threatening condition. Despite advances in science and technology, difficult airway management is far from ideal. Providing a simulated environment for critical situations seems to be the best way to better educate and prevent medical errors. This study aimed to compare the effect of the FIRST2ACT (Feedback Incorporating Review and Simulation Techniques to Act on Clinical Trend) model on knowledge and practical skills of difficult airway management and respiratory accidents between the intervention and control groups. This study was a quasi-experimental intervention with before and after design. Sampling was done by census method and the participants were third and fourth-year nurse anesthesia students (n=62). The students were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=31) educated and practicing based on the FIRST2ACT model and a control group (n=31). The intervention consisted of five stages: developing core knowledge, assessment, simulation, reflective review, and performance feedback, all based on the FIRST2ACT model. Theoretical and practical skills were examined in the participants. Data collection tools included a questionnaire and a checklist. The results showed that after applying the FIRST2ACT model, the intervention group scored higher than the control group in both theoretical knowledge (17.87±1.43 vs. 12.67±1.35) and practical skills (134.28±3.21 vs. 81.58±8.55). This difference in results between the two groups was statistically significant (P˂0.001). It can be concluded that using this model was effective to improve the knowledge and practical skills of nurse anesthesia students in the field of difficult airway management and respiratory accidents during anesthesia.

New communication technologies (especially the Internet) have exciting capabilities to overcome barriers to learning and geographical access. Many higher education institutions rapidly seek to use these capabilities and facilities in learning, teaching, and research depite the related obstacles. This study evaluated the barriers of using e-learning from students’ perspectives as the primary stakeholders at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population was all Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences students in the academic year 2019-2020, from which a sample of 352 people was selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was used after validation. SPSS statistical software and descriptive and analytical statistical formulas were used to analyze the data

The results indicated that most participants were 18 to 22 years (79%), the average age of students was 21.33±2.56 years and 68.2% werefemale. The executive factors had the most contribution, and the cultural factors had the least contribution in hindering the development of e-learning at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. The arrangement of obstacles from the students' point of view was executive, strategic, technical, individual, organizational, managerial, legal, budgetary, pedagogical, and cultural factors.

From the point of view of the students of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, the essential hindering factors in electronic education was the executive obstacle, which can be removed by creating new educational facilities and approaches such as simulators. It is possible to make students more familiar and compatible with electronic education by creating suitable student support systems.

Simulation-based interprofessional education (IPE) provides the basis for the necessary competencies forinterprofessional collaboration. This study aimed to examine the effects of this educational approach on anesthesia students’attitude and teamwork. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 72 anesthesiology residents and nurse anesthesia students consisting of 36 participants in the intervention and 36 in the control group. The intervention group participated in a simulation-based interprofessional season, including three scenarios in the induction phase of anesthesia. The control group received routine education. We used the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) to measure attitude and the KidSIM Team Performance Scale to assess teamwork. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Covariance, paired T-test, Chi-square, and Fischer’s exact test in SPSS software, version 22. Comparing post-test scores by ANCOVA showed a significant difference between groups (P=0.001) because there was a significant positive change in the overall attitude score in the intervention group after receiving simulation-based IPE. Regarding the quality of teamwork, the intervention group’s scores in all three sub-scales changed significantly after intervention (P<0.05). The simulation-based IPE is recommended to promote a teamwork culture and train empowered anesthesiaprofessionals.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth mindset intervention on academic grit, academic flow and academic thriving in twelfth grade students in Minab city. The statistical population of this study is all the twelfth grade students of Minab city in 1399, 40 students were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups of 20 as a sample of the study. Both groups were subjected to pre-test, post-test and. The growing mind training program consisted of 7 two-hour sessions. The participants in the experimental group received an intervention, but the control group did not receive any intervention and only underwent pre-test, post-test and. The research instruments include the Clark Academic grit Questionnaire (2017), Yuwanto (2013) Academic flow Questionnaire, and Schreiner, Pothoven, Nelson & McIntosh (2009) Academic thriving Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance; The results showed that the growth mindset intervention has led to increased academic grit, academic flow and academic thriving in the experimental group (p < 0.05 ). Based on the results, it is suggested that a growing mind training program be taught to students.

Gallery Walk (GW) is a student-centered educational method emphasizing team-based learning. In this approach, students actively participate in the learning process while the instructor is a facilitator.

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the GW method to the lecture method in teaching the topic of general anesthesia care during the induction phase.

This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test approach involving 60 nurse anesthesia students at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2022. The data were collected through 30 four-choice questions assessing the knowledge of nurse anesthetists in the main stages of general anesthesia induction. After randomly assigning students into two homogeneous groups, an intervention group (GW) and a control group (lecture), the study investigated the effects of the two educational methods on learning outcomes and retention of general anesthesia care during the induction phase. This was done by comparing the mean scores of the students on three tests.

There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of themeanscores of the immediate posttest (GW: 22.3 ± 0.47, lecture: 20.8 ± 1.01) compared to the pretest (GW: 15.13 ± 0.87, lecture: 14.73 ± 1) (P < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant difference in themeanscores of the one-month posttest (GW: 23.37 ± 0.61, lecture: 17.33 ± 1.12) (P< 0.001) between the two groups. No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding themeanscores on the immediate posttest (P = 0.186). Unlike the lecture group, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of immediate and delayed (one-month) posttests in the GW group (P = 0.16).

The GW method not only enhances knowledge but also proves to be significantly more effective than the lecture method in retaining knowledge of general anesthesia care during the induction phase. Therefore, GW is recommended as an effective educational method for topics that require long-term retention.

The use of new educational methods for medical students is of great importance. Simulation method is one of these methods that can be used as personalized video feedback. The present study set to determine the effectiveness of personalized video feedback on the level of endotracheal intubation knowledge of anesthesiology students.

A quasi-experimental study was conducted with pre-test and post-test design and a control group which was performed on anesthesiology students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Forty-six students were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups by using the block method. A researchers-made questionnaire of demographic characteristics of students and endotracheal intubation was used for data collection. A session of personalized video feedback was performed for the intervention group in addition to a one 90-min session of endotracheal intubation trainings using a mannequin.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The mean scores of endotracheal intubation knowledge of students before the intervention were 7.82)2.56(in the experimental group and 8.48)3.89(in the control group, which were not statistically significant (P=0.51). After the intervention in the experimental group, these scores changed to 11.64 )2.17(in the experimental group and 9.62)2.59) in the control group, which was a significant difference (P<0.001). Also, the mean scores of endotracheal intubation knowledge of students in the intervention group improved from the pre-test to post-test (P<0.001), while it was not so in the control group (P=0.19).

Considering the effectiveness of personalized video feedback intervention on endotracheal intubation knowledge of anesthesiology students, it is suggested to use this method in teaching endotracheal intubation skills in anesthesia students and consider it as a part of the medical clinical education curriculum.

To investigate the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc from sulfate and EDTA-chelated sources on quantitaty and qualitaty of corn seed yields were compared. Thus, field experiment was carried at Dezful, using maize single cross 701 cultivar, in a randomized complete block design for one years. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: control, foliar spraying with chelate or sulfate of iron with a concentration of three mg.L-1, foliar application of sulfate or chelate of zinc with a concentration of mg.L-1, foliar application of combined sulfate or chelate of zinc and iron with a concentration of 1.5 mg.L-1 for each element. Results at the experiment showed that the effect of different foliar treatments on all factors, except cob weight and grain manganese concentration, were significant. The highest grain yield was 9520 kg.ha-1 and biological yield (37.73 ton.ha-1), in the combined foliar application of iron and zinc, was 13% increase, as compared to the control. There was no significant difference in grain yield between the two sources of iron chelate and iron sulfate. The highest concentration of iron grain was observed by using foliar application with ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 3 mg.L-1 and the highest concentration of zinc foliar application observed with zinc sulfate at a concentration of 3 mg.L-1. The highest percentage of protein content was observed by using foliar application of iron and zinc. The results of this study showed that foliar application of corn with iron and zinc increased seed yield and improves its quality. There were no significant difference between the two sources of sulfate and chelate applications, while in some cases the use of sulfate source showed better results.

Exchanging and sharing information within the anesthesia team is very important to maintain patient safety and requires close coordination and cooperation between team members. The aim of this study was to introduce and present a checklist before induction of anesthesia and to evaluate its effect on improving the clinical performance of the anesthesia team and the quality of patient safety.

This quasi-experimental study was a post-test with a control group. The statistical sample of the study included anesthesia teams in four educational centers of Ahvaz, including anesthesiologists and experts who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (n = 50) and control (n = 50). After applying the designed checklist before induction of anesthesia in the intervention group, data collection was performed by the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire completed by the participants themselves.

The results showed that the mean score of safety attitude in the intervention group (4.01) was significantly higher than the control group (3.91) (P=0.012). 80.2% of the respondents in the intervention group stated that using the checklist was easy, while only 19.8% of them considered using the checklist to be time consuming. The majority agreed that the use of checklists improved operating room safety, communication and prevented errors in the operating rooms (80.2%, 84.8% and 78.6%).

The use of checklist intervention leads to improved team clinical performance and safety of the operating room environment and can play a valuable role in promoting patient health and greater productivity of anesthesia staff.

Since several decades ago, many attempts have been made to increase crop production. Use of chemical fertilizers is one of these strategies that have increased crop production and fertilizers management is a necessary strategy for achieving sustainable agriculture. Current study was done to soil application, use in irrigation water, and foliar application of Fe and Zn on grain yield and their absorption in maize of Dezful city. A split plot experiment was conducted with the main factor in randomized complete block design to study various application methods of iron and zinc chelates on SC701 hybrid maize, and the extent of which they can be absorbed by plant in two years. The main plot treatment was fertilizer application methods (FAM) including soil application (SA), foliar application (FA) and use in irrigation water (IW). The subplot treatment was type of fertilizer used (TFU) including iron chelate (IC), zinc chelate (ZC), and control treatments (CT). Traits like plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, number of grains per row, plant iron and zinc contents, and grain protein percentage were measured in the experimental and control treatments. According result of ANOVA for Main factor FAM indicated that there were significant differences only on plant height at a probability level of 99%. For the subplot factor TFU except for grain raw protein content, had significant effects on plant height with probability level of 95% and on 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and plant iron and zinc contents with probability level of 99%. The highest iron content in the plant was obtained in the treatment SA, IC in the first and second year 30.25 and 38 mg.kg-1 respectively and the highest amount of zinc, in the SA, ZC in the second year was 33.25 mg.kg-1, 1000-grain weight FA, IC was 385 g and grain yield in the treatment of FA, ZC was obtained 5.22 kg.ha-1. The highest effect of fertilization was in the treatment FA, ZC amount of 163.33 compared to the control in the second year. The results showed that the addition of iron and zinc fertilizer in the soil due to time consuming, is absorbed at the end of plant growth time, which in turn will not increase the 1000-seed weight and grain yield.

Mechanical ventilation in chronic patients is associated with major risks and complications. Therefore, rapid and safe weaning from mechanical ventilation is of great importance.

The present study aimed to explain the communication strategies with chronic patients weaning from mechanical ventilation from the perspective of the intensive care unit (ICU) staff.

In this descriptive qualitative study, the participants included 12 ICU nurses, three nurse managers, and three patients, who were selected via purposive and maximum variation sampling from hospitals of Ahvaz in southwest of Iran. To collect the data, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews using open questions. The recorded interviews were then transcribed and analyzed via conventional content analysis in MAXQDA.

 The two main themes identified in this study were [1] the time spent with the patient and [2] the soothing umbrella that indicated the importance of communication with the patients during the weaning process and the significance of nurses’ use of communication strategies.

Communication strategies can lead to a better understanding of the patients and management of the weaning process. On the other hand, loss of communication skills can hinder the process of weaning. Therefore, improved communication skills and active bedside presence are recommended.

Motivating is one of the biggest concerns of current managers. So, the purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some antecedents of job motivation (satisfaction with performance appraisal, satisfaction with pay, organizational justice and self-monitoring). The method of this study is a descriptive correlational design. The sample consisted of 225 employees of Maroon Petroleum Industry Company who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The participants completed satisfaction with performance appraisal (Meyer & Smith, 2000), satisfaction with pay (Smith et al., 1969), organizational justice (Colquitt, 2001), self-monitoring (Lennox & Wolfe, 1984), and job motivation (Robinson, 2004) questionnaires. Fitness of the proposed model was examined by structural equation modeling (SEM), using AMOS-22 and SPSS-22 software packages. Results indicated that the proposed model fit the data properly. Better fit and more significant results obtained by omitting 1 non-significant path. Findings also showed that all direct paths except satisfaction with pay to job motivation, were significant.

New quinazoline derivatives were prepared by one pot reaction of anthranilic acid, acetic anhydride and primary amines, under ultrasonic irradiation. As a result, Ultrasonic irradiation has led to affordable, clean synthesis of a variety of target compounds in much higher yields, than traditional methods. This method has numerous advantages: such as higher yields, shorter reactions time, and easier work-up. Several structural classes among these compounds were identified to have vasorelaxant activity. In this respect, all of the newly synthesized quinazolinone derivatives displayed vasorelaxant properties on the isolated thoracic rat aorta. The IC50 of compounds 2a (-6.00 ± 0.55), 2g (-7.31 ± 0.94), 2n (-7.15 ± 0.81) and 2p (-7.77 ± 0.31) was comparable to that seen in the Acetylcholine (-7.13 ± 0.14). The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral studies, elemental analysis, and melting point.

The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some antecedents and outcomes of marital satisfaction and love. The statistical population included all married employees of four districts of Education Organization in Ahvaz City. From this population 420 employees selected by multistage random sampling method. Instrument included Marital Satisfaction (Blum & Mehrabian, 1991), Love (Hatfield & Rapson, 1993), Gender Role Attitudes (Kaufman, 2000), Perceived Beauty (researcher-made), Value Congruency (researcher-made), Personality (Taylor & Johnson, 1966), Marital Intimacy Needs (Bagarozzi, 2001), Satisfaction with Life (Diener et al., 1985) and Job Satisfaction (Judge and Bono, 2000). The proposed model analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) and using SPSS-22 and AMOS-22 software packages. Results indicated that the proposed model fitted the data relatively proper. Better fit and more meaningful results were obtained by omitting 4 non-significant paths (perceived beauty and traditional gender role attitudes to love, egalitarian gender role attitudes to marital satisfaction and love) and correlating the errors of 3 paths (job satisfaction and satisfaction with life, recreational intimacy and general intimacy, recreational intimacy and love). Findings also confirmed the meditating role of intimacy in the relationships of perceived beauty, congruence of value system, gender role attitudes, contrary of fundamental personality traits, similarity of central personality traits with marital satisfaction and love. According to the findings, considering both marital satisfaction and love variables in couple therapy recommended to counselors and psychologist.

Combustion of fossil fuels contributes to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. To deal with this issue, the government of Iran has appointed the oil refineries to upgrade their installations and produce high quality fuels. Thus, this study investigated the status of SO2 emissions in Iran and the capability of
advanced technologies to control SO2 emissions. The status of SO2 emissions was reviewed and discussed through national online reports. Meanwhile, the environmental impacts of sulfur recovery and tail gas treatment (TGT) plant (STP) were assessed by applying rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) for implementation and nonimplementation alternatives in Tabriz Oil Refinery Company (TORC). SO2 emissions have been increased by 2.1 times during 2004-2014 in Iran. Power plants and transportation play a significant role in this regard and overall contribute 82% of emissions. Among the other fossil fuels, fuel oil and gasoil account for 95% of SO2 emissions. Based on the environmental
impact assessments (EIAs), sulfur recovery management and enhancing sulfur removal efficiency from flue gas up to 99.9% are two main positive environmental aspects of STP project that would enable TORC to prevent 87 600 tons of SO2 emissions, annually. Nevertheless, flue gas and sour gas streams which have been determined as probable pollution sources of process, should be managed through proper monitoring framework. The increasing trend of SO2 emissions and significant role of fuel oil and gasoil has required Iranian oil refineries to enhance the quality of fuels by employing clean and cost-effective technologies