ali mohammadi

In recent years, unfortunately, the number of road accidents and the resulting fatalities have shown a growing trend in many countries, especially in non-developed countries. In Iran, during the recent decade from March 20th, 2012, to March 20th, 2022, a total of 110,110 fatalities caused by road accidents have been reported. Regardless of any kind of justification or comparison, it is a very alarming figure for this country. Considering the need to address this issue, our study aims to assess the relative efficiency and road safety productivity in each province during the past two years (2020–2022) and prioritize the provinces. To these ends, we applied the DEA-based Malmquist indices with a double frontier approach. Based on the results, the provinces of Qom, Lorestan, Kermanshah, Qazvin, and Ardabil were respectively the top five provinces in terms of road safety efficiency, while Alborz, Semnan, Golestan, West Azerbaijan, and North Khorasan had the lowest efficiency. Besides, aggregating the results of both pessimistic and optimistic approaches indicated that the provinces of Kurdistan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Qazvin, Ardabil and Bushehr had the highest increase in the Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE) in 2022 compared to 2021, and the provinces of Golestan, East Azerbaijan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Sistan and Baluchistan, and North Khorasan had the highest decrease. Such results can be used by relevant managers/policymakers for optimal resource allocation toward preventing deaths caused by road accidents.

The purpose of the research is to identify and analyze occupational accidents among firefighters at stations covered by Tehran's 20th district.The applied research method is a mixed type that was analyzed by analyzing occupational accidents that occurred from 2018 to 2024 using JSA risk assessment worksheets and Superdecision3.2, SPSS26, and EXCEL2019 software. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire developed in the form of a risk assessment worksheet. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained from the experts and the CVR index was 0.37, and its reliability was calculated in a preliminary test (with 20 people) and Cronbach's alpha was 0.887. The statistical population of the research was 158 out of 268 firefighters, according to the Cochran formula, through the risk assessment worksheet. The sampling method was simple and the sampling size was calculated using the Morgan table, 152 people. Combining the results of risk analysis using JSA and ANP methods is a research innovation. The findings indicate that 14 unacceptable risks with a risk number greater than 12 were identified for 4 job titles. Also, the percentage of unacceptable, undesirable, and acceptable risks is 41.3, 37.3, and 22 percent, respectively. The ranking of risks in the Superdecision software was determined according to the final weights, including: A5= 0.24, A2= 0.16 and A1= 0.11. The results show that the highest probability of unacceptable risks occurring is at the operation site, and the most important control measures to reduce the risk level are: accurate scene assessment, use of personal protective equipment, and securing the scene of the accident.

The current study investigates the effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) on the agility of capital structure (CSA) by considering the role of the board’s characteristics. The data from 124 publicly listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) between 2013 and 2022 were collected, and hypotheses were tested using a multivariable regression model. Flannery & Rang's (2006) model, and Aprelia et al. (2022) model were used to evaluate CSA and ERM, respectively. The results provide evidence of the usefulness of employing ERM in adjusting capital structure toward the optimal state, and that ERM mechanisms significantly enhance this agility. Additionally, the board's independence strengthens the impact of using ERM on the CSA. Therefore, it is suggested that companies by forming and strengthening the position of the risk committee could achieve the optimal capital structure and minimize capital costs. Moreover, independent managers will increase the agility of the movement toward the optimal state.

The Total Quality Safety Management (TQSM) model is a tool used to assess the performance of occupational health and safety (OHS) management. This study evaluated the OHS management performance in two edible oil production factories using the TQSM model.

A total of 78 OHS-related evaluation criteria across four main areas of the TQSM model were assessed at the Saboos Mazand (Factory 1) and Mino Caspian (Factory 2) factories, located in Mazandaran Province, Iran. The four areas included Total Quality Management (TQM), the ISO 9001 Quality Management System guidelines, the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP), and Process Safety Management (PSM). The study population consisted of 20 individuals from each factory, including managers, supervisors, and members of the OHS Committee, all with at least one year of experience in their respective roles. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method.
Both factories had established active management systems for quality management (ISO 9001), customer satisfaction management (ISO 10002), and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) at the time of the study, reflecting the nature of the industry.

The total scores achieved by Factory 1 and Factory 2 across the four main areas were as follows: 52.11 and 51.8 in the TQM area, 43.94 and 45.5 in the QMS-ISO 9001 area, 45.23 and 46.45 in the VPP area, and 30.22 and 30.06 in the PSM area. The overall scores obtained in the TQSM model were 171.51 for Factory 1 and 173.81 for Factory 2, corresponding to 54.97% and 55.7% of the maximum achievable score, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the mean scores across the four areas of the TQSM model for the two factories (p > 0.05).

Both factories exhibited an overall average performance level in OHS management. The evaluation criteria across the four areas of the TQSM model indicated weak to moderate conditions in the assessed subareas. Effectively using this model highlighted the organizational and operational areas requiring increased effort and focus to enhance OHS management performance in both factories.

The global warming trend has raised concerns about the state of water resources. In this study, to examine the impact of climate change on the precipitation pattern of Ilam Province, the outputs of 12 CMIP6 models were utilized. Considering the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios, precipitation variations in Ilam Province were analyzed up to the year 2050. After clustering the rain gauge stations (Cluster 1: South and East of the province, Cluster 2: North and West of the province) and evaluating the performance of CMIP6 models, the IPSL-CM6A-LR and ACCESS-CM2 models were selected as the best models for Cluster 1, while the IITM-ESM and BCC-CSM2-MR models were chosen for Cluster 2. The model outputs indicate that in the future period (2018-2027), for Cluster 1, under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the average annual precipitation will decrease by 4.1% to 303.52 mm per year. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, this reduction will be 4.7%, bringing annual precipitation to 301.56 mm per year. For Cluster 2, under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the average annual precipitation will increase by 3% and 2.8%, respectively, rising from 431.10 mm per year to 444.04 mm per year (SSP1-2.6) and 443.31 mm per year (SSP5-8.5). By selecting the best probabilistic distribution for each rain gauge station, it was found that under both climate change scenarios and different return periods, the maximum 24-hour precipitation in most cases will decrease in the future period. Therefore, this highlights the importance of developing sustainable water supply strategies for the province.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, classified into two main categories: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Mesalazine is the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, its rapid absorption in the small intestine reduces its local effects in the colon. The use of mesalazine in coated pellet form as a multi-unit drug delivery system may enhance its effectiveness compared to conventional pharmaceutical forms such as tablets. Arthritis is one of the extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD, which can be alleviated by acetaminophen. The aim of this study is to design a multi-unit oral drug delivery system (pellets) that simultaneously delivers mesalazine to the large intestine and acetaminophen to the stomach.

In this experimental study, mesalazine pellets were prepared using the extrusion-spheronization method and coated with pH-dependent polymers (Eudragit® L100 and Eudragit® S100) as well as a combination of time-dependent (Eudragit® RS) and pH-dependent polymers (Eudragit® L100). Drug release was evaluated in simulated gastrointestinal environments, and the optimal formulations were identified. Subsequently, acetaminophen was loaded onto the optimized pellets using a fluid bed coater. The drug release profile was assessed using a continuous dissolution testing method. Thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and investigate potential interactions.

Pellets coated with 40% Eudragit® RS and 60% Eudragit® L100, as well as those coated with 100% Eudragit® S100, were found to be more suitable for colon drug delivery than other formulations. Continuous dissolution testing showed that acetaminophen was released in a pH 1.2 environment within 2 hours, while mesalazine remained intact and reached the large intestine. Physicochemical tests indicated that the pellets had a smooth surface, uniform coating, and appropriate hardness, with no detectable interactions between the drugs and excipients.

This study demonstrated that the optimized formulation effectively enables the targeted delivery of acetaminophen to the stomach and mesalazine to the colon in a single dosage form.

The purpose of this study is to identify and control credit risk in banks utilizing new supervisory technologies with the neural network algorithm and the random forest algorithm. This research, in terms of its nature and objective, is categorized as theoretical and applied research. Given the quantitative nature of the study and the use of data mining for customer credit scoring, this investigation is data-driven. The primary foundation of this research is the discovery of knowledge from banking databases. In this study, real customers who received credit facilities from Tejarat Bank and Saman Bank in Tehran over a one-year period, whether they returned the loans to the bank or not, were defined as the statistical population. Consequently, for sampling, all individual credit customers of the selected branches of these banks during the specified time frame were examined. Out of 500 credit customers, a simple random sampling method was employed to select those who had received loans during this period, resulting in the selection of 230 samples for this study. After collecting the previous bank customer data from the relevant database and cleaning the data, the influential variables in customer ranking were identified by reviewing previous scientific research. In the next phase, using the neural network algorithm and the random forest algorithm, and with the help of relevant software, customers were classified based on their characteristics, and their behavior was predicted. The findings indicated that the random forest algorithm was more efficient in predicting customer credit risk. Statistical test results showed that the support vector machine model had higher accuracy in predicting customer credit risk. The random forest (DT) algorithm used in this research had the highest accuracy among all models, and with feature selection, the model's accuracy increased compared to the base model, achieving the highest accuracy (81.49%) among all techniques

Uncontrolled urban developments have led to changes in the uncontrolled urban spatial structure. Therefore, informed guidance, principled organization and spatial surveillance are necessary for urban expansion. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the process of physical-physical development of Abbar city, to identify the effective factors in physical-physical development in the GIS environment and to analyze them in the geographic information system database, using the AHP model. By preparing information layers such as land availability, topography, rural points, slope, communication network, cemetery, river and entering these layers into the GIS environment and analyzing them in the geographic information system database, using the AHP model. Suitable lands for the future development of the city were identified. The results of the research showed that the master plan of the city has played a major role in the direction of the physical development of the city, and the physical development of the city is coordinated with the expansion of service uses and urban equipment, and these types of uses have a balanced spatial distribution. But it does not match the conventional standards.

Crime as a social phenomenon has always attracted the attention of governments over time and they have tried to react against it by adopting various measures, and a major part of this history has been spent on criminal trial and error and a relatively small part of it has been on adopting preventive measures against past crimes. However, the necessity of a knowledge-based approach to crime in order to find a logical and effective solution to fully confront it and also to reach the real rate of crimes has recently found its place in the framework of theoretical and practical discussions of modern criminal policy systems, adopting knowledge-based measures Against crimes, it requires the organization of its own mechanisms and facilities, which neglect or incomplete provision, they cannot realize the drawn goals. Moreover, what has been implemented so far in most governance systems due to the lack of a comprehensive knowledge-based view in this area has caused the crime rate to maintain its upward trend. The obvious manifestation of this limited view is the reliance on official criminal statistics, which is actually the report of the performance of executive bodies active in the process of implementing criminal measures; However, criminal statistics in a comprehensive and macro sense is the output of a collection of criminal events. Crime survey, as a complementary method of criminal statistics, allows us to know the criminal phenomenon and find out about the victims of crime and deal with the challenges that exist as the black number of crime. Using survey methods (victim oriented survey and survey offender-oriented) has been identified as a model at the national and international level and plays an important role in the criminal policy of countries. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was collected and analyzed using library sources, and the result shows the use of crime survey methods in politics. The crime of every country is important and it helps to implement a well-considered and efficient criminal policy, which is one of the concerns of statesmen in the implementation of security and justice. Their judicial records provide useful information, and official statistics show a very incomplete and unrealistic view of the amount of real crimes and victims in the society, and crime survey is a complementary method to reach real crime statistics.

Atmospheric conditions represent one of the most significant natural hazards for floating units. A critical issue related to these conditions is the insufficient attention given by watch officers to accurately collecting atmospheric data from the instruments on the bridge. For instance, air pressure readings are often taken without proper corrections for instrument and altitude variations and are rarely compared to long-term averages. To address this, there is a pressing need to develop and install a system on floating units that can automatically measure atmospheric parameters. This system would calculate essential parameters from the measured data, enabling informed decision-making regarding maneuvers to avoid rough seas. This research discusses the details of establishing an automatic meteorological station capable of collecting atmospheric data from the environment, storing it in a computer, and comparing the measurements with long-term averages to identify atmospheric and oceanic anomalies.

The aim of the present work was to produce a stable nanoemulsion containing clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (PCLO) and evaluate its antimicrobial activity. The effect of the preparation technique, the type of surfactant and the ratio of surfactant to oil was evaluated to optimize the preparation formula of oil-in-water nanoemulsion. The optimized formula prepared by low energy production method containing 4% w/w PCLO and 12% w/w mixed surfactant (SDS + Tween 80) produced a clear and stable nanoemulsion for 90 days with an average particle diameter below 150 nm. The antibacterial activity of pure PCLO and its nanoemulsions (NCLO) was investigated by disk diffusion, agar well, and broth methods in 3 indicator bacteria of gastrointestinal infections, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) as well as dynamic killing time were determined in the tested bacteria. Strong antibacterial activity of PCLO and NCLO was revealed in the concentration range of 1000-2000 ppm. The killing kinetics study showed that during the first 15 minutes of exposure to NCLO at the MIC concentration, there was a rapid and extensive reduction in the amount of viable microorganisms. The presented data, considering the optimal performance of antimicrobial substances in food, cosmetics and chemical industries, can help in the rational design of nanoemulsion-based essential oil delivery systems.

This study presents the results of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of two human skeletal remains excavated from the Sagzabad site, Ghareh Teppe, Qazvin Province, Iran, dated to the second and third Iron Ages. MtDNA haplogroups were employed as a key tool to investigate the population structure, origins, and migration patterns of ancient human populations. The analysis revealed that both individuals belonged to haplogroup D4. Haplogroup D4 is a subclade of the M-derived lineages, which originated in East Asia and is characterized by three main branches, including D4. This finding represents the first documented case of skeletal remains with haplogroup D4 in the Iranian Plateau, providing new insights into maternal lineage diversity and potential historical connections between populations in this region and those of Eastern Asia (Iranian plateau).

Rodents play an important role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to humans and pets. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of helminth infections in rodents of three Provinces of Iran. A total of 92 rodents were live-trapped from the Provinces Hamadan (n=64), Golestan (n=9), and Mazandaran (n=19). The animals were humanely euthanized, and their intestinal tracts were removed and examined for helminth infections. The rodents belonged to six genera and 12 species Apodemus hyrcanus, Apodemus uralensis, Meriones libycus, Meriones persicus, Meriones tristrami,Meriones vinogradovi, Microtus paradoxus, Microtus qazvinensis, Mus musculus, Nesokia indica, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 59.78%. Nine nematode species were identified: Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Trichostrongylidae sp., Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Heligmonoides taiwanensis, Syphacia sp., Aspiculuris tetraptera, Heterakis spumosa, Mastophorus spp., and Trichuris spp. Additionally, two cestode species, Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta, Mesocestoides larvae were identified. Heligmonoides taiwanensis isolated from Meriones vinogradovi is reported here for the first time from Iran. We identified three zoonotic helminth namely H. nana, H. diminuta, and Syphacia sp. in the examined rodents, and M. persicus is an efficient reservoir and spreader of eggs of these species. The findings of this study can provide insights into future-comprehensive programs regarding control strategies of these parasites.

One of the most important sources of water loss in reservoirs is controlling reservoir efficiency indicators, water deficit, and losses through evaporation and seepage. In this study, in the first step towards formulating operational policies, the SOP model of Pishin dam located in Sistan and Baluchestan Province during the years 1390 to 1397 was developed. Subsequently, to identify optimal release values in operational policies, the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) extended to standard operational policy (SOP) and averaging method. Thus, hybrid optimization-simulation models of Generalized Reduced Gradient-Standard Operational Policy (GRG-SOP) and Generalized Reduced Gradient-Standard Operational Policy-Averaging (GRG-SOP-AVE) were developed. In this study, indicators of water losses (evaporation and seepage), deficit, and reservoir efficiency indices for the GRG-SOP, GRG-SOP-AVE policies, and current operation were estimated to identify the best operating policy. The results reveal that the operating policy derived from the GRG-SOP-AVE model leads to a reduction in the values of deficit, evaporation and seepage indicators by 35.32 MCM/yr, 10.74 MCM/yr, 0.002 MCM/yr, respectively. Additionally, the indicators of reliability, resilience, vulnerability, and flexibility have improved by 67.58%, 24.59%, 31.69%, and 11.35% respectively compared to other policies. Therefore, it is suggested to utilize the policy derived from the GRG-SOP-AVE model in other dams to reduce seepage, evaporation, and deficit indicators.

Rapid fluctuations in the Caspian Sea's water level play an important role in determining the extent of erosion hazards, adverse environmental consequences, degradation and drying of coastal areas, wetlands and coastal bays, and the loss of economic resources and the destruction of maritime industries.The effects of climate change on the Caspian Sea have led many scientists to pursue research and scientific topics related to climate change in order to achieve their goals. These studies are performed to determine temperature, evaporation, salinity, pressure, density, wind direction, wind speed and other related phenomena. In this study, we intend to investigate the climatic factors affecting the water level of the Caspian Sea using ECMWF data.The data were received by the ECMWF and the Ports Authority. In this study, using ECMWF data from 1992 to 2022, which includes the amount of precipitation on the Caspian Sea, the rate of evaporation from it and the average temperature of the Caspian Sea, the factors affecting water level fluctuations in the Caspian Sea were investigated. Reliable library sources were used to determine the inflow of rivers into the Caspian Sea. Using ProUCL software, the data trends of precipitation, evaporation, temperature, and river water flow from 1992 to 2022 were drawn. Using the same software, the Mann-Kendall trend test was used to determine the trend of the data. Caspian Sea fluctuation data was received from Ports Organization.The graph of the precipitation trend in the whole area of the Caspian Sea showed that in the period from 1992 to 2022, the precipitation decreased by 90 cubic kilometers. According to the Mann-Kendall test and considering that the p-value of 0.0009 was obtained, it can be said that this decreasing trend is significant with a confidence level of 99%.The diagram of the evaporation trend in the entire area of the Caspian Sea showed that in the period from 1992 to 2022, evaporation increased by 103 cubic kilometers. According to the Mann-Kendall test and considering that the p-value of 0.0001 was obtained, it can be said that this decreasing trend is significant with a confidence level of 99%.As a general result, evaporation has an increasing trend while precipitation has a decreasing trend. In the next section, in order to investigate the main cause of the increase in evaporation, the sea level temperature trend chart is analyzed.Sea surface temperature as one of the main criteria in heat exchange and an indicator in assessing the potential for evaporation from the water surface, which is one of the main components of output in the Caspian water balance, in studying the trend of water level changes and assessing the causes of fluctuations in the Caspian Placed. The rising temperature of the Caspian Sea, especially in recent years, has been a factor in reducing the water level. The graph of sea surface temperature changes in the whole area of the Caspian Sea showed that the average temperature has increased by 1.1 degrees Celsius in the period from 1992 to 2022. According to the Mann-Kendall test and considering that the p-value of 0.0000 was obtained, it can be said that this increasing trend is significant with a confidence level of 99%.The average annual inflow of Volga water into the Caspian Sea is about 240 billion cubic meters, and the annual estimate of the total inflow of the rivers leading to the Caspian is 300 billion cubic meters. From other important rivers such as Kura, Ural, Etrak, Sefidroud, Haraz, a total of 34 billion cubic meters of water enters the Caspian Sea. The recent decrease in water level is while the amount of water entering the Volga River, as the supplier of most of the river water to this sea, has decreased by about 22% in 2019, which can be considered as one of the effective reasons for the decrease in the recent water level.The main reason for the increase in sea level temperature is the increase in greenhouse gases, which prevents the release of ground radiation. Therefore, the trend of increasing temperature, which is directly related to increasing water evaporation, in Nowshahr station and the entire Caspian Sea area is one of the effective factors in increasing the water level fluctuations of the Caspian Sea, which has reduced the water level of this sea.The water flow of the Volga River shows a decreasing trend due to the decreasing trend of precipitation. As a general result, climate change is reducing precipitation, increasing temperature and increasing evaporation, and ultimately lowering the surface of the Caspian Sea, a trend that will continue for years to come.

Although Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) has good antimicrobial properties like other EOs, it cannot be used in food systems and commercial products due to its high volatility and low water solubility, and its bioactive compounds can be easily degraded under the influence of environmental factors. In this case, their nanoemulsification may be an efficient and practical approach to overcome this problem. In addition, such delivery systems can improve the stability, bioactivity and quality properties of antimicrobial EOs in food systems. The optimized formulation, prepared using a low energy production method, containing 4% w/w ZEO and 12% w/w mixed surfactant (SDS+Tween 80), produced a transparent and stable nanoemulsion for 90 days with a mean particle diameter of 120.1 nm. The antibacterial activity of pure ZEO (PZEO) and its nanoemulsions (ZEON) against the tested strain was evaluated using solid diffusion, vapour phase and broth assays. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacteriostatic concentration (MBC), dynamic time-kill, anti-biofilm activity and morphological changes in Salmonella were determined. The strong antibacterial activity of PZEO and ZEON was demonstrated with MIC values of 2000 ppm and 4000 ppm, respectively. The killing kinetics study showed that there was a rapid and widespread decrease in CFU during the first 15 min of exposure to ZEON at MIC concentration. In addition, ZEON had significant anti-biofilm activity , reducing  82% of the one-day-old biofilm of S. typhimurium at the MIC concentration. The SEM micrographs taken at MIC showed significant morphological damage in the ZEON treated bacterial cells and no viability. The data presented, taking into account the optimal performance of antimicrobials against foodborne pathogens, can help in the rational design of delivery systems based on nanoemulsion of essential oils in the food industry.

One of the most important problems caused by industrial and service development in Ray city is the production of a high volume of wastewater that its non-systematic discharge to the environment can lead to contamination of surface water and groundwater resources or by using it in agricultural uses Soil contamination. Therefore, in this research, the industrial and service centers of the waste water producer in Ray city were identified to provide a solution to improve the status.

To this end, wastewater contamination centers in the Ray city were identified and the chemical and biological properties of wastewater of these centers including pH, COD, BOD and Total Coliform were evaluated based on the average two-year period (1395-1394) and the spatial distribution map of concentration The wastewater pollutants associated with these centers in the Ray city were prepared using the GIS software and the IDW zoning method.

In this study, 17 main waste water   producers were identified, including seven livestock and a waste disposal center and a vegetable oil factory in Ray city.

The results show that the effective strategy   to improve the situation, equipping the pollutant units with the wastewater treatment system, and improving the wastewater treatment system in units that have a purification system, as well as reducing water consumption in the production process, which leads to a reduction in the amount of wastewater produced. And monitoring of responsible organizations in this field.

given the prevalence of available data for only these two parameters in many parts of the country, various scenarios involving these parameters were studied. The best scenario for predicting relative humidity was obtained using the XGBoost model. To assess the accuracy of the model, the Bajgah region in Fars Province was chosen as a case study, and the accuracy of different scenarios was compared using data from the past 30 years (1993 to 2023). In this regard, missing data were estimated using the KNN Imputer model. The correlation between mean relative humidity of one to ten days before and the target variable (predicted  relative humidity on day t) was calculated using Pearson correlation. Based on the results indicating the insignificance of data from the fourth day and earlier, data from one to three days before were utilized.

Finally, by comparing the results based on six statistical criteria (RMSE, MAE, MARE, MXARE, NSE, and R2), it was determined the scenario based on relative humidity and the maximum and minimum temperatures of the preceding 3 days provides the best estimation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of managers' adverse moral bias on the divergence of investor behavior. Additionally, it examined the mediating roles of the comparability of financial information and the readability of financial reporting in either mitigating or exacerbating the relationship between managers' adverse moral bias and the divergence of investor opinions.

The present study is a causal correlation study, and its statistical population consists of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. A total of 134 companies were selected as the research sample through systematic exclusion from 2013 to 2014 and were subsequently examined. To calculate the divergence in investor behavior, we utilized the unexpected trading volume index, following the research conducted by Silvia and Cerqueira (2021) and Salehi et al. (2023). Moral bias was assessed using two factors: dishonesty, represented by earnings smoothing, and management error, indicated by fraud in financial statements.

The findings from testing the research hypotheses indicate that earnings smoothing and fraud in financial statements have a direct and significant relationship with the divergence of investor behavior. Additionally, the comparability of financial statements influences the positive relationship between management dishonesty and earnings smoothing, affecting how investors perceive the intrinsic value of stocks when making investment decisions. The readability of financial statements also moderates the positive relationship between management inaccuracies and errors in fraudulent financial reporting, influencing how investors assess the intrinsic value of stocks when making investment decisions.

A lack of transparency in information can hinder the decision-making processes of shareholders and analysts in the capital market, leading to divergent opinions among investors. Additionally, the comparability of financial statements can mitigate the impact of earnings smoothing on the divergence of investors' opinions. Additionally, the readability of financial report information moderates the relationship between fraud and the divergence of investors' opinions.

The importance of organizational resilience in relief organizations and especially firefighting organizations as the first responders in the face of fire and accidents, the quality of services and organizational resilience in evaluating citizens' safety services is an important and effective issue in these organizations. The purpose of this research is to increase the resilience and reduce the flammability of the Tehran organization by identifying the indicators that affect resilience.
Material and

The nature of this research is of a scientific research type and the method of this study is applied based on library studies as well as field methods such as preparing a researcher questionnaire. In this regard, a mathematical decision-making model and statistical calculations have been used. Questionnaire questions were extracted from this research using theoretical bases, experts' opinions and using NFPA standards in different steps and distributed and completed among 150 employees of Tehran fire department in the second 6 months of 1400, and then by analyzing the data using Criteria were identified and prioritized using ANP method and EXCEL, SPSS22 and Super Decisions software.

According to the research findings, the highest priority among 3 criteria, 7 sub-criteria and 30 indicators, including: intra-organizational resilience (D) with a weight of 0.6601, downward resilience (D1) with a weight of 0.8019 and team skill (e12) with a weight of 0.6418 and the lowest priority is, respectively, extra-organizational resilience (B) with a weight of 0.0889, personnel skill (E1) with a weight of 0.0911, and the index of low-risk places (b14) with a weight of 0.0457.

The research results show that to increase organizational resilience and reduce vulnerability, intra-organizational resilience (criterion) and downward resilience (sub-criterion) and finally team skill (indicator) should be prioritized in the organization's policies and goals.

The purpose of this research is to measure carbon monoxide in Tehran's Beyhaghi Terminal and modeling the release of this pollutant under various scenarios.

In the first step; 2 scenarios were imagined for this research. One of them is to examine the emission model of carbon monoxide pollutant under current conditions; and the other was to examine the emission model under management conditions and to apply emission reduction strategies. NIOSH method number 6604 was used for sampling. Measurements were made in 2021-2022 and in 3 points sampling was done once a month during the year, three days a month and 3 times a day, and the sampling was done at different times of the day, i.e. morning, noon and evening, according to the increase and decrease of vehicle traffic. And for the purpose of modeling, Austal view, version 7 software was used.

In both scenarios, the distribution of carbon monoxide pollutant (8 hours) shows that the highest concentration of the pollutant is at the origin and terminal location. The pollutant spreads in all directions and the farthest zone of pollutant penetration will be on the eastern side of the terminal at a distance of 1000 meters. Since the amount of pollutant for Beyhaghi terminal is less than domestic and foreign standards, it can be said that the status of this pollutant will not exceed the standard. Of course, the air quality under the second scenario is better than the first scenario, so that after 8 hours, the pollutant concentration does not exceed 4 ppm in any range. Of course, this range will also penetrate less than 300 meters in all directions, with the exception of the eastern direction, which extends to about 600 meters.

Considering that in the first scenario, the amount of carbon monoxide pollution is within the approved standards, but due to the presence of other pollutants and the possibility of synergy between them, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the quality of the environment by using management strategies. For this reason, the second scenario indicates a further reduction of this pollutant. Reducing the stopping time of cars, not turning on the lights and using exhaust absorbent filters help to reduce the emission of carbon monoxide pollutant.

In this study, our aim is to investigate the complications caused by COVID-19 disease in the period of 1 month and 3 months after infection and recovery in patients aged 20 to 80 admitted to the special care department of Shariati Hospital in Tehran.

The information of the patients in this research was collected between 1 and 3 months after discharge non-randomly and from among the samples that are available (consecutive), through phone calls and a prospective questionnaire including questions about complications such as fatigue, body pain, joint pain, anorexia, disorders, sleep, headache, depression, dizziness, palpitations, chest pain, cough, diabetes, skin disease, obesity, imbalance, neuropathy, neurological and mental problems, and other cases are collected.

In this study, what was observed was those 4 complications of nausea and vomiting, diabetes, depression, and hypothyroidism were significantly related to hospitalization of COVID-19 patients in the hospital's special care department. The frequency of other complications was also investigated in this study.

According to the conducted study as well as previous studies, what is clear is that the frequency of complications caused by COVID-19 in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after discharge is high, and more studies should be done in order to reduce these complications.

Heavy rain falls in dray seasons with extreme water flow is one of the important factors in very intense damage to urban areas and agricultural lands of the arid and semi-arid plateaus and highlands. In semi-arid areas such as the southern flank of Alborz Mountain, neglecting the effect of geomorphologic features, (e.g. river truck channel depth, slope, sinuosity, river flood plain width and slope), illegal construction on the river legal boundary, as well as the effect of present-day climate change (change in annual rainfall precipitation and patterns, especially in El Niño conditions), cause environmental hazards such as extreme floods in urban areas. Imamzadeh Davood village is a religious-tourist place in the southern flank of central Alborz. In this research, we investigated the 28th July 2022 Imamzadeh Davood extreme flood controlling factors and their effect on low-stream village (Imamzadeh Davood). We aimed to provide scientific and practical solutions to decrease and prevent the destructive effect of future potential floods.The unusual extreme flood occurred after heavy and sudden rainfall in July (usually the area does not receive any precipitation in this month), causing a large volume of high-density mud flow with highly destructive power in the upper catchment. The large volume of the flood overflowed from the main truck channel and destroyed the buildings on the illegally occupied floodplain of the river.  The overflowed water transported a large amount of mud to the north and south courtyards and the lower floors (place of Tomb) of Imamzadeh. As a result, the flood killed more than 10 people, more than 20 people were injured, and several people were lost. The tomb, building, and pilgrims around the river were also damaged.The investigation of satellite images before and after the flood, and consideration of the geological and structural characteristics of the area based on fieldwork indicate that the funnel shape of the catchment, the narrow river truck channel, the low vegetation cover of the catchment, the exposure of low-consolidated tuff and pyroclastic sediments with high erodible in the large part of the catchment, intense illegal construction on the legal boundary of river, as well as unusual extreme summer rainfall under the effect of Indian monsoon-related tropical cyclone are the main controlling factors ofImamzadeh Davood 2022 flood with large mud-flow discharge.

Niosomes are biodegradable and biocompatible carriers that have a hydrophilic head and a lipophilic tail and can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. By nanotechnology and curcumin-loaded nano-niosomes, it is possible to exploit the diverse anticancer properties of curcumin via targeted delivery to the desired tissue.

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of curcumin-loaded niosome nanoparticles (CM-NP) and free curcumin (CM) on apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathway in A549 lung cancer cell line.

The A549 cells were first exposed to CM-NP and CM. Then, the apoptosis, intracellular ROS, and STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways were evaluated using commercial kits.

Exposure to CM-NP significantly increased the early and late apoptotic A549 cells compared to CM (P<0.001). Based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values, the CM-NP caused a significant increase in ROS production compared to CM (P<0.001). In addition, exposure to CM and CM-NP led to a significant decrease in the expression levels of STAT3 and NF-κB compared to non-exposed cells (P<0.001). The expression levels of NF-κB and STAT3 in A549 cells exposed to CM-NP were significantly lower than those in the CM group (P<0.05).

The curcumin nano-niosomes induces apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells more than the free form of curcumin, in an oxidative stress-dependent manner and by increasing intracellular ROS and by STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways. These results demonstrate the potential of the curcumin nano-niosomes as a promising method for lung cancer treatment.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the impact of the auditor's expertise in the industry on the relationship between the behavioral and ethical tendencies of management and the divergence of investors' opinions.

A multivariate linear regression model was used to test the research hypotheses. To calculate the divergence of investors' behavior, according to the research of Silva and Cerquera (2021) and Salehi et al. Managers' behavioral biases have been measured by the two factors of real profit management and managers' overconfidence, as well as ethical biases by the two factors of dishonesty (profit smoothing) and management error (fraud in financial statements).

 The results of the research hypotheses test showed that fraud in financial statements, real profit management, profit smoothing and management overconfidence have a direct and significant relationship with the divergence of investors' opinions.

The current research provided evidence that shows that the behavioral and ethical tendencies of managers have a direct and significant impact on the divergence of investors' opinions and increases this factor, and the auditor's expertise can reduce these effects.