ali reza kaldi

Introduction :

Individuals with disabilities represent the most significant global minority and face numerous challenges in accessing equal rights, particularly the “right to the city.” This article focuses on Tehran and examines various barriers that individuals with disabilities encounter in utilizing urban spaces and services. Physical barriers, such as inadequate accessibility of pathways, social barriers like discriminatory attitudes, and economic and cultural obstacles, hinder these individuals from thoroughly enjoying their citizenship rights. By reviewing social theories, including the social model of disability and Henri Lefebvre’s concept of “right to the city,” this study emphasizes the importance of designing equitable urban spaces and involving all citizens, including individuals with disabilities, in urban decision-making. The primary objective is to highlight the need for an inclusive city where all citizens enjoy equal rights and opportunities regardless of physical ability.

This article employs a mixed-methods approach and consists of two phases: data collection and analysis.Phase 1: Qualitative data collection and analysis were conducted through in-depth interviews. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, targeting experts, scholars, and the disabled community in Tehran. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted, including 13 with experts and 14 with individuals with disabilities. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, comprising five stages: initial coding, organization of codes, review, and refinement of themes, definition, and naming of themes, and finally, compiling acomprehensive report of the analyses and the overarching narrative of the data. The reliability of the interviews was evaluated through inter-rater reliability and intra-rater agreement, indicating the credibility of the coding process.Phase 2: Quantitative data collection involved designing a questionnaire with 65 items, including 60 items to assess independent variables and five for the dependent variable, “right to the city for individuals with disabilities.” Items were rated using a 10-point Likert scale. The statistical population included 193,873 individuals with disabilities residing in Tehran in 2019, with a sample size of 384 determined using Cochran’s formula, employing stratified sampling. Professors confirmed the questionnaire’s face and content validity and the overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated at 0.75, indicating acceptable reliability. This research investigates and analyzes the perceptions of individuals with disabilities regarding their right to the city in Tehran.

Qualitative findings reveal that individuals with disabilities in Tehran encounter numerous and often interconnected barriers that adversely affect their lives. These obstacles can restrict their mobility and participation in society, leading to feelings of isolation and lack of access to essential rights and services. Although efforts by relevant institutions for individuals with disabilities in Iran are notable, they remain insufficient and fail to integrate this group into society fully. The thematic analysis of the interviews resulted in four main themes:Inclusive and Accessible City: Individuals with disabilities have the right to live independently and enjoy equal opportunities; however, various barriers, such as the lack of accessible urban spaces, hinder their participation in society. In Iran, although numerous laws aim to improve these spaces, accessibility improvements are often implemented sporadically and without cohesive planning. Issues such as the absence of escalators, wayfinding signs, and suitable pathways, along with inadequate transportation access, negatively impact the quality of life for individuals with disabilities.Dissatisfaction with the effectiveness of responsible institutions, such as municipalities, and a lack of adherence to accessibility standards lead to a decline in social trust and the participation of individuals with disabilities in social activities. This situation can result in feelings of isolation, powerlessness, and increased stress and anxiety among individuals with disabilities, significantly affecting their mental health and social well-being.Right to Space Allocation for Individuals with Disabilities: This concept encompasses control and ownership, physical share, security, vitality, and urban connections. Research findings indicate that individuals with disabilities do not have equal access to recreational and cultural opportunities compared to other citizens, which can lead to feelings of exclusion and despair. The primary reasons for this issue include the lack of compatibility of recreational spaces with the needs of individuals with disabilities, insufficient awareness of available opportunities, and high costs. Additionally, inadequate infrastructure, economic challenges such as the lack of home and vehicle ownership, and discrimination in the job market pose serious challenges for these individuals. This situation results in social isolation and a decline in their quality of life. Furthermore, the absence of security in public spaces contributes to increased stress and anxiety among individuals with disabilities, significantly diminishing their quality of life.Active Citizenship: A significant barrier to individuals with disabilities’ participation in urban activities is their exclusion from urban decision-making processes. Due to their disabilities, they miss opportunities for involvement in decisions that affect their needs and desires. Findings reveal that a lack of awareness about their rights, the absence of a participatory culture in decision-making, and existing physical, social, and cultural barriers hinder their participation. Moreover, mistrust of social structures and institutions stemming from negative experiences and ineffective actions can create additional problems.Public Transport for All: This theme addresses the need to make public transportation accessible to individuals with disabilities, focusing on the necessary modifications to metro systems, buses, and taxis. Findings indicate that physical barriers and lack of access to suitable public transportation adversely affect individuals’ quality of life, increasing their reliance on others.Overall, these findings illustrate that various barriers, particularly in urban accessibility, access to services, and participation in decision-making processes, diminish the quality of life and sense of security for individuals with disabilities, underscoring the need for serious attention and actions to address these issues and enhance their societal participation.

The results of this research indicate that individuals with physical disabilities in Tehran face serious challenges that negatively affect their quality of life and social participation. The findings reveal that the lack of accessibility in urban spaces exacerbates social and spatial inequalities, particularly in public areas that should serve as venues for equality and social interaction. The unequal access to these spaces leads to violations of social justice and deprives individuals with disabilities of numerous social, economic, and cultural opportunities. This situation not only presents physical limitations but also has psychological effects, such as reduced self-esteem and increased stress.The research clearly illustrates that the lack of urban space improvements strips individuals with disabilities of power and control. From a sociological perspective, this situation highlights the structural and social inequalities faced by individuals with disabilities. When public spaces are not appropriately designed, this group is systematically excluded from participating in social life, which translates into an inability to utilize physical infrastructures and limits access to social and economic opportunities. Based on Mitchell’s theory of the struggle for space, the research analyzes how urban and social spaces are shaped and accessed through power relations and conflicting interests. Accordingly, spaces are not neutral; instead, they are arenas for social and economic struggles. In this context, individuals with disabilities encounter complex barriers that signify a type of “struggle for space.” Improving urban environments is a physical necessity and a social imperative to enhance equality and justice within society. Creating accessible urban environments can strengthen the social identity of individuals with disabilities, boost their self-confidence, and provide a platform for active social participation. The findings also offer a profound analysis of the essential challenges and needs of individuals with disabilities concerning their right to space (control and ownership, physical allocation, urban connectivity, and security). The existing issues reflect the structural and systemic inequalities within urban spaces that impact the quality of life and social participation of individuals with disabilities. These problems include the need for more suitable infrastructure, insufficient access to recreational and cultural facilities, and the absence of supportive programs in housing and vehicle markets. The lack of home and vehicle ownership, along with the associated economic challenges, exacerbates deep social and economic issues for individuals with disabilities. Their inability to purchase or rent suitable housing and the high vehicle maintenance costs contribute to difficult economic conditions. Existing discrimination in rental and labor markets, particularly regarding sustainable employment and access to financial resources, further intensifies these challenges. The findings also reveal that the lack of participation of individuals with disabilities in decision-making and execution processes is influenced by structural and individual factors. Structural factors include the absence of appropriate infrastructure, discriminatory laws, and negative attitudes toward people with disabilities. Conversely, individual factors involve a lack of trust in non-disabled individuals and authorities and insufficient awareness of their rights and capabilities. The distrust of individuals with disabilities toward institutions and authorities stems from negative experiences and discrimination in various aspects of life. This distrust can lead to misunderstandings, judgments, and social exclusion. On the other hand, the attachment of individuals with disabilities to their residence and the establishment of strong social networks can provide essential emotional and social support. However, if they cannot participate easily in their communities, they may experience feelings of isolation and exclusion, limiting their access to education, employment, and healthcare services.

Today, one of the concerns is a Quality Lifestyle. This article examines the Sociological role of Lifestyle in the Quality of Life of Citizens over 65 years of age in Bandar Mahshahr. The paper is based on the Scandinavian-American approaches and the social quality approach to quality of life and the combined view of Bourdieu's theories from the field in the theory of differentiation, and Giddens's definition of lifestyle and social construction to lifestyle, by survey method. The present article has been done by Survey Method among the Statistical Population of Citizens 65 years and older in Bandar Mahshahr city. 396 citizens aged 65 and over have been identified as a Statistical Sample using the Cochran's formula, Statistical Data were collected through Stratified Sampling and Researcher-made Questionnaire tools and finally analyzed using SPSS Statistical Software and Descriptive and Inferential Statistical tests. The results show that the Objective, Subjective and Social Quality of Life of Citizens respectively, was at the level of 61.69, 52.3 and 41.2% of the maximum potential percentage of these dimensions of Quality of Life. Research results show; the Lifestyle of Citizens is more Consumption than Productive and on the other hand is Social rather than Economic and Cultural. According to the results, Economic Lifestyle with 0.485 Total Impact, Social Lifestyle with 0.375 Total Impact, Cultural Lifestyle with 0.280 Total Impact on the one hand and Productive Lifestyle with 0.558 Total Impact and Consumption Lifestyle with 0.450 Total Impact, respectively, had the greatest impact on Quality of Life. If the Quality of Life as a whole is targeted; Respectively, there is a need for a Combination of Economic, Social and Cultural Actions and Lifestyles, which a) Triple Economic, Social and Cultural Capitals and b: comparative perception, evaluation and Subjective Perceptions of the Triple Capitals that can be Called that Subjective Capital; Which together form the four Economic, Social, Cultural and Subjective Capitals, respectively; Produce. This Quality of Life can be called Action-Oriented or Interactive Quality of Life.

This study develops a conceptual model in which "Family social capital" moderates the mechanism of the effect of "Social media abuse" on "adolescent academic performance" through (non)mediators of social well-being. That is, both the direct relationship and the mediated relationship between "Social media abuse" and "Academic performance" are conditioned by "Family social capital".A survey was conducted by distributing 980 paper-based questionnaires among tenth, and eleventh grade adolescents in Tehran in 2022. The results showed that the more severe the symptoms of social media abuse, the more the students' academic performance drops and a wide range of psychological abnormalities are created in the students. Also, the more the students' family social capital was, the less they abused social media, and the family, by focusing on their well-being, reduces the harmful effect of social media abuse on academic performance more and better.

Time and goal: 

I made my social determination. The goal is to write down where there are social and economic factors that are effective in providing a coarse crime, between two severely convicted criminals, in Zindan Hay Karman Est.

Rosh:

 Narratives (consideration) of a question related to its variables, as to the appointment of a consideration, content and ba gurdawori, the opinions of an experienced teacher, Karshnasan and specialists related (techniques of conceptualization) and Bray Barsi Payayi, as an accountant of Alfai Kronbacheh Rahdeh-e Kronbacheh 22. Dadaha mediated by Amar Tasifi and Azmounhai Amari Zarib Hempstegi Pearson-Regression and with the benefit of Nermafzar spss is a resource for segmentation and analysis of the Graft decision.

Yaftha: 

Yaftha Nashnan Midhad between his variables, close to the amount of (118/0), Bikari (290/0), the occasion of the Boden Mahal Zandji (311/0), the academic fatwa (328/0), the social sarayah (0/244), the Hamsalan area. (137/0), coarse (33/0), narcotic drug bank (732/0), a link with a straight image (fixed) with a coarse crime and the presence of a dard. There is an end between a social control and a rough gram, an inverse association and the meaning of Dared and the existence of a dard (109/0-).
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Self-care is considered the most important issue for preserving and maintaining health. The present study aimed to investigate the components of the health belief model and peer pressure on self-care behaviors in adolescents.

This was a descriptive study. The samples were selected through multistage cluster sampling among adolescents from three regions of Tehran. Data was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22.

A total of 384 individuals participated in the study [217 male (56.5%), and 167 female (43.5%)]. The mean age of the respondents was 26.03 years (SD = 5.03), and the mean self-care score was 0.46 (SD = 0.49). The results of the logistic regression analysis investigating the factors influencing youth self-care showed that with a one-point increase in perceived barriers, self-care decreased by 95% (OR=0.04, 95% Cl: 0.01-0.14, p<0.001); with one-point increase in peer pressure, self-care decreased by 0.69 (OR=0.3, 95% Cl: 0.12-0.75, p=0.010). Self-care in single individuals was 2.80 times higher than married individuals (OR=2.80, 95% Cl: 1.94 - 6.57, P= 0.018), and in students, it was 2.75 times higher than employed individuals (OR=2.75, 95% Cl: 1.10 - 6.88, P= 0.030). There was no significant relationship between self-care and other independent variables such as age, gender, educational status, perceived benefits, and perceived threat.

The study results indicated that the beliefs of young individuals about health behaviors influence their self-care practices. Individuals who perceive more barriers tend to engage in less self-care. It appears that appropriate educational interventions can enhance the self-care practices of young individuals.

The institution of the family is affected by development programs; large-scale problems arise for thefamily if government interventions in family-related matters are not regulated. Attention and support of thecommunity Strengthening the family institution can be an effective factor in the success of the country'sdevelopment programs in all areas. The aim of this article is "sociological analysis of the factors affecting theimplementation of the sixth five-year development plans in the field of family institution." The research methodof the present study is a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population hasbeen experts in the field of development programs and the family. Using targeted sampling method and snowballand then the quota of 384 people was selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researchermade questionnaire and the data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics and using SPSS22software, Lisrel structural equation modeling software. In the findings section, according to Pearson test, it wasshown that there is a significant relationship between political, managerial, organizational, legal and technicalfactors with the realization of family plans. Also, using the structural equation model of managerial factors(0.78), technical factors (0.69), cultural factors (0.63), environmental factors (0.44), political factors (0.37) onthe realization of programs The family is influential.

considering that we are on the verge of drafting the 7th development plan, it is important to examine and analyze past plans in the face of family issues and evaluate the adopted approach, in order to improve the process of drafting the 7th plan as expertly as possible, therefore, in the present study, Sociological analysis of the effects of five-year development plans on the family institution; It was discussed with emphasis on its damages.

The current study method is qualitative and qualitative content analysis is used in it. The statistical population of this study consisted of official and library documents and experts. The method of selection was based on purposeful sampling and based on theoretical saturation, 11 documents related to the research topic were examined and 15 people were interviewed. The tools for collecting information are checklists and interviews. In this study, the criteria of reliability, validity, transferability and verifiability were used to evaluate the obtained results. Finally, data analysis was done using a priori coding method.

By analyzing the 1st to 6th development programs, 5 main themes of family support, childbearing, support for women heads of the household, reforming the decision-making structure of women and families, and support for vulnerable groups were identified. In terms of content, development programs have many flaws in relation to the institution of the family, and by evaluating the most important indicators of development programs, it was found that divorce is on the rise, having children and, in parallel, marriage is on the decline.

This result shows that the development programs on the family institution not only did not have a significant positive effect, but also negatively affected the family institution.

Challenges of modern urban life such as; Competition between cities and urban areas, urban sustainability, the need to seize opportunities and avoid threats in social and cultural developments, mass demographic change and environmental and social problems lead to a futuristic approach to urban planning and the use of tools Variety has become desirable to build the future.The main purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the key factors affecting urban development with a futuristic approach. Using existing studies in the field of urban development, six indicators were selected and classified. The statistical population of the study is the city of Tehran and its statistical sample is 30 experts and specialists in urban and regional planning. By studying library resources, all the factors affecting the development of Tehran were studied and after preparing a list of these factors, in interviews with experts, research findings were completed and based on them, a questionnaire was developed and the survey process began with the help of software ( MicMac) and with the interaction analysis method, data analysis and research scenarios were presented. According to the results of 4 factors of integrated urban management, economic situation, poverty and good urban governance were recognized as the first influential factors of the system. According to the scores of direct and indirect influence of 51 factors, finally the first 12 factors affecting the future of metropolitan development were selected to determine the final uncertainties and were scored according to the importance and predictability and the drivers that cause the most uncertainty. In order to present the future scenarios of Tehran development, it was determined that the three variables of integrated urban management, economic situation and poverty were selected as the most influential and uncertainty variables.

The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the factors affecting the generation gap among students in the four districts of Tehran.

The study population was all the parents and teachers of students in the four cities of Tehran. The sample size was determined based on the theoretical saturation of 23 people. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview and the data analysis technique was thematic analysis.

The findings show that "the fluidity and virtualization of thinking/learning, the multiplicity of religious/educational identity references, the acquisition of group prestige and meaningfulness, the weakness of transferring the cognitive values/skills of religion, Static and conservative understanding of values, aversion to religion and weakness of religious beliefs, weakness in reconnecting oneself with family values are among the components that lead to the generation gap among the studied students.

The results of this study show that students' static understanding of values as the most important internal factor and weakness in the transmission of religious/educational values as the most important external factor lead to generation gap among them. has been Therefore, it is necessary to use the appropriate design of soft educational tools to transfer the cognitive values/skills of religion in order to reduce this gap.

Retirement is an inevitable part of a person's life in the formal economy. Undoubtedly, pension funds have an indelible effect on the course of people's lives. However, pension funds have faced major challenges in recent years that have had a profound effect on the living conditions of retirees, to the point that their poor performance, in addition to their social, cultural and psychological consequences, has diminished. Income and economic issues have led to many. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the models of the country's pension funds based on social, economic and cultural factors affecting the lives of the elderly with a sociological approach. This research has been conducted by survey method (correlation approach) and a sample of 588 people in Tehran province.Findings and results show that among the four factors, respectively, structural factor (cr = 22.743; SIG.> 0.001), process factor (cr = 14.110; SIG.> 0.001), socio-cultural factor (cr = 27.156; SIG.> 0.001) and psychological factor (cr = 43.166; SIG.> 0.001) There is a significant, direct, intense and direct relationship. On the other hand, the socio-cultural factor with a share of 1.733 is the first factor affecting the current situation of retirees. In other words, the problems of retirees are not major (structural) and legal and legislative (process) problems, but their cultural problems with two indicators of destiny (daily life) and the urgent financial need that pension funds should Especially consider the Social Security Pension Fund in their plans.

The purpose of the present research is to study the correlation between female political identity and political participation in Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the theoretical approach of Turner, Marshall, and Adams in relation to the subject of identity has been used. Also, the theory of Bart & Smith was used to explain identity frameworks and women’s activities based on gender and gender identity. The main research question explores: what is the effect of background variables such as age, education, occupation, marital state, and personal identity on women’s political participation in Iranian society? The research relies on the hypothesis that background variables are the main causes for the formation of identity and have the sufficient potential to be effective on the process of participation in election and political activity. In general, the results indicate that gender and identity gender have a positive impact on political participation in Iran.

In this article, while examining the many dimensions of social exclusion in the life of the Ghorbats of Masiri city, the center of Rostam eparchy, Fars province, the changes created as a result of the implementation of the modernization program have been studied. The research method is qualitative and based on thematic analysis, and sampling was done using a targeted method based on a theoretical approach, and the participants were selected with the snowball technique, and saturation was achieved after interviewing the 19th person. Then the data collected from the field were analyzed through data coding. A total of 210 primary codes were obtained; then, all the similar codes were categorized based on conceptual and semantic affinity and by the method of asking and comparing at a more abstract level, which resulted in 81 concepts, 48 micro categories and finally 7 broad categories. The broad (main) categories include: exclusion from material resources, exclusion from social relations, exclusion from the power hierarchy, exclusion from the dominant culture, ethnic stigma, exclusion from basic services and social changes. The studied group was excluded from the surrounding society in material and economic dimensions, social relations, dominant culture, power hierarchy, ethnic dimension and receiving basic services. Finally, ethnic exclusion was identified as the central phenomenon and the main root of people's social exclusion. Also, this study showed that in the process of modernization in Iran, this group lost their job (traditional craftsmanship).

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of social responsibility in Tehran and the main approach of this study is the integrated theory and several dimensions of social order.

The research method is survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population includes men and women over 18 years of age in Tehran, 600 of whom were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The results showed that the variables of responsibility in this study, including the social welfare component (4 out of 5) were obtained, which indicates the level of concern and concern of people about the problems of society, but the effectiveness score of individuals ( 2 out of 5) was obtained which was at a low level and the score of the duty scale was (2.75 out of 5) which is lower than the average level and the overall score of social responsibility of the respondents was 3.01; It was found from 5 that this figure indicates the level of moderate responsibility among the research community. Based on this, it can be said that the respondents' adherence to social ethics is moderate. In the inferential findings, social responsibility is related to gender. It does not make sense, meaning that social responsibility is not gender. But social responsibility has a significant relationship with the marital status of individuals so that married people have more responsibility.

The Feeling of relative deprivation in Iranian tribes and methods to Decrease deprivation An Investigation into the Thought of Contemporary Qashqai PoetsAbstract:This research was conducted with the aim how Reflection of the relative deprivation in the poems of contemporary poets of Qashqai. in this study, Robert Gore's theory is used only as a guide and evidence. It was also revealed that the content analysis of the poems of these poets, which not only has relative deprivation in the Qashqai people, but also the Qashqai poets, has addressed this issue in their poems. n addition, it was found that the poets' perceptions and approaches to the issue of deprivation were not the same, including: Protesting revolutionary struggle with the source of deprivation, or accepting and dealing with the phenomenon of deprivation as a natural affair, or resorting to supernatural powers and divine relief. After discovering and categorizing the categories, ways to reduce deprivation were also suggested.Keywords: Literature,Content Analysis,Contemporary Poets,Qashqai People,Relative Deprivation

In recent half-century, procedure of urbanity has been developed in Iran increasingly, as urban population of Iran in 2011 exceeded two-third of total population of the country. This growing population procedure and of course this physical growth of Tehran caused different areas of the capital face serious challenges for delivering desirable urban services (including welfare, leisure, security, safety and cultural services) to all categories and groups of people in frame of purposes of  continuous development. Therefore, in this study district 3 of Tehran was investigated according to indexes of quality of life having emphasized on the approach of city prosperity. In this investigation, documentary method was used together with note taking method (electronic note taking) to perform exploratory studies and preparation of theoretical foundations of the research. In executive process of the research, statistical data from different organizations such as Statistical Center of Iran and Tehran Municipality was collected, categorized and analyzed and finally SWOT strategic planning technique was used to detect strengths and weakness points of district 3 and also threatening factors of that district. According to analyses, it was detected that in spite of strength points such as high rate of per capita green space, appropriate educational space, quality and ease of access to public spaces and communication lines for residents, the district faces serious challenges such as high rate of crimes and various environmental and noise pollution due to presence of trans-regional usages.

One of the important and influential contexts on quality of life is gender. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of elderly men and women.

This study is a descriptive-analytical research which is based in cross-sectional order. The statistical population of this study included all elderly people over 60 years old covered by Amol city health network in the year 2017. 450 participants were selected from among the elderly people in Amol health centers. The data collection instrument was Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36). Central and dispersion indices, Friedman rank test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.

There was a significant difference between most men and women in terms of quality of life in most of the underlying variables. But in two variables, namely lack of family custodial and others (Relief Committee, Welfare, etc.) as source of income, there was no significant difference between elderly men and women. Also in all aspects of quality of life, the difference between men and women was significant.

According to the findings of this study, it can be said that the mean score of quality of life for the elderly men was average but this rate was lower than the average for the elderly women.

The present article aimed at determining the relationship between social capital and mental well- being of headquarter employees in social security organization. The method of research was survey and 291 employees during 2017 were selected in ratio stratified method through Cookeran formula. The information was gathered through researcher made questionnaire with content validity and 0.95 reliability for mental well- being and 0.91 reliability for social capital. The theoretical framework of the study was based on Philips` quality of life for mental well-being, Seligman and Diener`s happiness theory, Bourdieu`s social capital theory and Poktsone`s theory in subjective and objective dimensions. The obtained results of multiple regression and path analysis revealed that social capital indexes specify 39% of employees` mental well- being among them social trust with = β 0.4 had the most rate; after that social solidarity with = β 0.35, social commitments with = β 0.25, participation and social interactions with = β 0.185; Social awareness with = β 0.064 had the least portion in predicting employees` mental well- being.

Futurism as an emerging discipline has received a great deal of attention in recent decades from governments, academia, and businesses, and the achievements of futurists are now very important in the decision-making of governments, institutions, and private companies.The present study, by studying the resources of domestic and foreign libraries, examined all the factors affecting the development of Tehran and after preparing a list of these factors, in interviews with experts, the research findings were completed and based on them a questionnaire was developed and the process The poll begins. Finally, using software (MicMac) and interaction analysis method, data were analyzed and research scenarios were presented. According to the research findings, according to the results of Mick Mac, four factors of integrated urban management, economic situation, poverty and good urban governance were identified as the first four factors influencing the system. According to the score of direct and indirect influence of 51 factors, finally the first 12 factors affecting the future of Tehran metropolis development were selected to determine the final uncertainties and were scored according to the importance and predictability. And the drivers that had the most uncertainty in the future development of Tehran in order to present future scenarios of Tehran development were identified that the three variables of integrated urban management, economic status and poverty were selected as the most influential variables and uncertainty.

In the age of central knowledge, the most valuable asset of leading organizations is work culture; and the most important way to achieve their success is managing and implementing it correctly and efficiently. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate consequences of work weakness culture in the productivity of university staff. Accordingly, the statistical population of the study consists of employees of Sabzevar universities. This number is 433 people, out of whom 205 people formed the study based on Morgan table. The research method is descriptive-correlational. In this study, two questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale have been used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by sociologists and supervisors and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that work culture has a positive and significant relationship with each of the components of employees' productivity. Among the components of work culture, organizational factors, with a correlation coefficient of 0.754, have the strongest and economic factors, with a correlation coefficient of 0.484, have the weakest relationship with work culture, and among the components of employee productivity, dimension participation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.580, was the strongest and organizational commitment dimension, with a correlation coefficient of 0.557, had the weakest relationship with employee productivity. Therefore, in general, work culture has an effective role in staff development and productivity and can increase productivity together with quality in university staff.

The development of a desirable organizational work culture in successful organizations depends on the ability and creativity of individuals to actively participate in the proper management of the work culture. The purpose of this research is to study the sociological study of organizational work culture and its effects on the productivity of administrative staff of public universities in Sabzevar. The research method is based on a scientific approach and survey type and a questionnaire is used to collect information. The statistical sample is calculated based on the Cochran formula and the Morgan table of 205 people. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of work culture with each of the components of employee productivity. Among the components of the work culture, organizational dimension, with the correlation coefficient of 0.754, the strongest and economic demension, with a correlation coefficient of 0.448, had the weakest relation with the work culture. Among the components of employee productivity, the partnership demension, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.855, and the strongest organizational commitment, with a correlation coefficient of 0.557, had the weakest relationship with employee productivity. Also, based on the beta coefficient of regression, the total demensions of work culture explain 68 percent of the variance in employee productivity.

This article examines the Sociological role of Quality of Life in the Lifestyle of Citizens over 65 years of age in Bandar Mahshahr. The present article has been done by Survey Method among the Citizens 65 years and older. A total of 396 citizens were selected as Statistical Samples with Cochran's Formula, Statistical Data were collected through Stratified Sampling and Questionnaire tools and finally analyzed using SPSS Statistical Software and Descriptive and Inferential Statistical tests. Research results show; However, according to Descriptive statistics, the Objective Quality, Subjective Quality and Social Quality has been the highest among citizens aged 65 and over in the region, respectively; But the Social Quality, the Subjective Quality, the Objective Quality, respectively, with the greatest overall impact, have had the greatest impact on Lifestyle, which can be concluded that the Lifestyle of older citizens is more influenced by Social and Subjective dimensions of Quality of Life It. Also, to realize the Lifestyle in the general sense, a combination of the Social Quality, consisting of Social Capital or other convertible Capital, Subjective Quality, respectively, of Mental Capital or other convertible Capital, respectively. The three Capitals form its Social, Cultural and Economic Capitals; And Objective Quality, consisting of Cultural, Economic and other convertible Capitals, respectively, leads to Social, Cultural and Economic Production and Consumption Actions in Social Fields that realize the Lifestyle.

One of the family's harms in the present society is dissatisfaction with marital life, reduced intimacy and emotional distance between couples, which leads to emotional divorce. Social capital as one of the important sociological variables has an effective role in the study of social harms, so the present study aimed to investigate the effect of social capital dimensions (structural and cognitive within, outside and outside the group) on emotional divorce.

This research is a quantitative and survey method whose statistical population is all married women aged 18-48 years old living in Tonekabon city and the sample size is 386 people who have been selected by quota sampling method. Data were collected using a reflective questionnaire extracted from previous research.

The results showed that some different dimensions of social capital such as (intragroup structure, cognitive group and extragroup) with 99% confidence level have a negative impact on emotional divorce and other dimensions of social capital (structural and cognitive group) with 99% confidence has a positive effect on women's emotional divorce. Also, extra-group structural capital has not had a significant effect on emotional divorce.

According to the results, different dimensions of structural and cognitive social capital (intra-group, extra-group and extra-group) have a different effect on emotional divorce, so more attention should be paid to the potential of social capital in changing the incompatibility of families.

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the causes of the intergenerational gap and the conflict between students' discourse and the value system of society. The research method is mixed. The statistical population was students and parents of the second secondary school (high school) in Tehran. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 385 people. The tool for collecting data in the quantitative part was a questionnaire. The findings show that between the variables of gender, educational level, ethnicity, field of study, economic/social base (0.22), cultural consumption (0.31), material consumption (0.35), leisure time (0.31) ), the amount of use of internal mass media (0.36), the amount of use of virtual networks (0.41), educational space (0.32) and family values (0.45) have a positive and significant relationship. . However, there is a negative and significant relationship between the variables of religious belief (-0.34), religious emotions (-0.26), and religious rituals (-0.30). No significant relationship was observed between the variables of educational background and field of study with intergenerational distance. The regression analysis of the data also shows that the independent variables can explain 0.423 of the changes in the dependent variable. The results of this study show that students face many challenges in identifying and linking themselves with society's values; Therefore, when they cannot face the identity responses to relieve their inner turmoil, they gradually distance themselves from the dominant values and face a gap.

ntroduction: This basic theory study is a qualitative study of the phenomenon of prostitution and the prevalence of illegitimate relationships and sexual promiscuity in society that has led to the phenomenon of "collapse" and examines the causal conditions, intervening conditions, contexts, strategies and strategy consequences. Used, pays.

Initially, using a semi-structured interview technique, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 women who were imprisoned in the central court of Tehran for illicit relationships, prostitution or setting up brothels, through purposeful sampling with maximum diversity. done. After the tenth interview, conceptual saturation was achieved. To be sure, the interview continued until the tenth person. The data are categorized using the Strauss-Corbin paradigm model and then plotted.

The results showed that illegitimate relationships, sexual perversion, inclination towards bad friends, naivety and material hardships are among the causes of women committing prostitution. Divorce of parents, deep childhood injuries, poverty and inappropriate family environment are among the intervening factors of this social crime, which leads to strategies such as avoidance of school, benevolence, perversion for survival, trying to compensate and imitate the deviation.

The present article examines the sociological concept of quality of life and its realization priorities. The research has used the Delphi Method by collecting and analyzing 30 questionnaires among professors, elites and informants using a heterogeneous method in two panels. The research results show that the quality of life is a complex, multidimensional, borderless and updating structure should be evaluated comprehensively and away from reductionism. Delphi results and 54 concepts for achieving quality of life showed that under the variables of income and employment, health, education, environment, leisure, housing, living facilities as a category of objective quality, social security, social communication, social support, social respect, freedom, social trust, social justice as social quality and life satisfaction as subjective quality can be categorized. The results also showed that the priority of achieving the dimensions of quality of life for citizens, from the average of 10 points, were identified as objective dimensions with 8.78, subjective with 8.5 and social with 8.14 points, respectively.