فهرست مطالب ali soltani

Today, the world's leading cities are focused on the concept of a smart city due to the spread of innovations that increase the quality of life. The need for sustainable development is necessary to improve economic, social and environmental conditions. Among the modes of transportation in today's cities, which are striving for sustainable development, is the tram. The experience of the tram in the past decades shows that it is not only a mode of transportation but also has a positive effect on the urban space and society. In line with the sustainable development of this research, the feasibility of the tram route has been conducted in the 8th region of the city. First, three routes leading to the selection of four prayer paths, and then according to the field impressions and information extracted from the library and documentary sources of the criteria of the Minister of Standards, a hierarchical analysis was performed and an optimal path was selected and redesigned. Finally, conclusions and basic recommendations are presented.

Optimal condition of accessibility and rapid, easy, and safe travel to health_ treatment land uses can be performed by the systematic analysis of transportation sub-systems like behavior. Developed countries are in essential need of proper transportation system for better accessibility. This paper aims to develop model, considering mode chains as well as the individual characters. This study benefits the analytic and quantitative research methods in developing mode choice model to evaluate the movement pattern of travel to health care centers in Shiraz central district (district 1). Each mode is the dependent variable whereas the socioeconomic characters are the independent variables. Filled questionnaire and geographical information system is used in collecting data. To generate the model, multinomial logit model was used that shows public transport like metro and bus are not the popular modes in access to hospitals. Movement pattern cognition in accessibility to special urban land uses, has an efficient role in urban policies and planning, which can be generalized and indigenize to healthcare travel behavior in other geographical areas. Results show that car ownership will increased the private car travel rate 8 times according to beta coefficient.. Taxi is the mode which is used in all three travels. People with lowest range of income and education use bus as their mode. Besides metro travel also has significant relation with low level of income and increase the travel rate 9 times.

Shared bicycle systems are proposed to respond to urban mobility challenges as a healthy, efficient and relatively cheap means of transportation. Although these systems are widely implemented around the world, there are still challenges for implementation. The implementation of shared bicycle projects represents an important innovation in urban public transportation. These plans have spread rapidly and now exist all over the world in cities with different economic, environmental and structural conditions. Developing strategies through which to attract new members to join the plan and retain existing members is a fundamental requirement for the success of the plan. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective criteria on citizens' acceptance and use of shared bicycles with the method of synthesis research. The unit of analysis in this research is all English-language articles published in reputable foreign journals with quantitative analyzes on the identification of these factors. By searching in various scientific databases and carefully examining the articles, finally 30 articles related to the topic were found. The seven-step model of Sandelowski and Baros was used to analyze the obtained articles. The results show that the most important criteria affecting the acceptance of shared bicycles by citizens are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, facilitating conditions, cost, service quality, infrastructure, user satisfaction, environmental concern, social effects. , mental norms and the theory of planned behavior.

Wheat ranks second among cereals in term of global production, but it has been affected by ongoing global climate changes. Drought stress is one of the important factors contributing to the reduction in wheat production. Developing drought-tolerant wheat varieties currently presents a major challenge for wheat breeders. Complex multigenic and multitrait genetic control, high genotype-environment interaction, low heritability, and challenges associated with high-throughput screening of plant traits and genes effective in drought tolerance due to the involvement of numerous traits and positive and negative correlations among them are some of the factors that have made wheat variety improvement for drought tolerance a challenging task. Selecting drought-tolerant genotypes as a cost-effective and biologically superior approach to increasing wheat production in low humidity areas has always been considered by breeders. Screening wheat genotypes to identify drought tolerance sources is essential and can be useful in selecting appropriate and desirable parents for implementing beneficial breeding programs. Local plant populations such as landraces are valuable resources for environmental stress tolerance, including drought stress. Local plant varieties are heterogeneous populations with local adaptation that provide genetic resources capable of meeting the needs imposed by new and emerging agricultural challenges under highly stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to identify wheat accessions tolerant to drought stress for use in future breeding programs.

A total of 512 wheat accessions from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, along with the varieties Kavir, Roshan and Mahouti as controls, were evaluated for drought stress tolerance in the research field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd, Iran. The experiment was conducted in two separate augmented designs, one of which was considered to drought stress and the other to normal irrigation conditions. Drought stress was induced by limiting the irrigation cycle. Considering that out of the total studied genetic materials, 141 accessions survived, the evaluation of traits was perfoemed on both those surviving accessions and their corresponding counterparts in the normal experiment. For data analysis, descriptive statistics including minimum, maximum, average, and coefficient of variation were calculated. Correlation coefficients were estimated and tested to study the relationship between traits. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the role of each trait and to identify the important and influencing traits on five-spike grain weight. K-means cluster analysis method was used to separate the accessions. All statistical analyzes were performed using R and SPSS softwares.

The results of descriptive statistics showed that the highest coefficient of variation under normal and drought stress conditions were attributed to five-spike grain weight (23.35%) and number of fertile tillers per plant (31.67%), respectively. Five-spike grain weight had the highest decrease in range (51.3%) under drought stress compared to normal conditions, and the highest decrease in mean was observed for number of fertile tillers per plant (59.3%) and five-spike grain weight (40.5%), respectively. A large number of accessions showed superiority over control varieties under both normal and drought stress conditions, so that 97 accessions had five-spike grain weight more than the control varieties. The accessions KC12856, KC12776, KC12783, KC12767, and KC12697 with values of 6.77, 6.75, 6.22, 5.94 and 5.86 g, respectively, had the highest five-spike grain weight under drought stress conditions. Number of spikelets per spike, number of florets per spikelet, 100-grain weight and number of grains per spike had significant and strong correlation coefficients at 1% probability level with five-spike grain weight under drought stress conditions. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis under drought stress conditions, three traits including number of grains per spike, 100-grain weight and spike length were the most effective traits on five-spike grain weight and explained 90.6% of it’s variation. The studied genetic materials were grouped into five separated clusters using K-means cluster analysis.

The results of this experiment showed the valuable potential of the studied germplasm to drought stress tolerance. Evaluating the relationships among traits revealed the significance of number of grains per spikelet, number of spikelets per spike, number of florets per spikelet, and 100-grain weight under both normal and drought stress conditions. A considerable number of accessions were superior to the control varieties under both normal and drought stress conditions, indicating the richness and valuable potential of these genetic resources for drought tolerance related traits. Therefore, it is recommended to continue screening and evaluating the wheat collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran to identify drought stress-tolerant genetic resources. Based on the results of cluster analysis, the control cultivars with different characteristics were grouped in the separate clusters, and a distinguished cluster of the studied wheat accessions with superior traits was also formed. The diverse germplasm or superior accessions identified in this study can be used to develope the genetic base in crosses or as parents in breeding programs.

Nowadays, the tourism industry is recognized as a leading sector and driving force for the development of most societies. Optimal planning and development of this sector requires sufficient knowledge and understanding of the issues and factors affecting this industry's development and its future changes. This study aims to identify the factors affecting tourism development with a structural analysis method in Khorramabad County. In terms of purpose, the present study is practical, and its nature is analytical-exploratory with future study approaches. Also, the data collection was in the form of documents and fields. The statistical population of this study was experts and specialists, and 14 people were selected by snowball sampling method. The structural analysis method and Micmac software have been used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire of experts and specialists. The results show that among the 37 identified factors, 12 key factors had a more significant impact on tourism development in Khorramabad County, which should be considered in the planning and development of the tourism industry of this county. These factors include hospitality culture, training of experts in the field of tourism, tourism development policies, and plans, participation of citizens, expansion of tours and travel agencies, advertising and marketing expansion, entrepreneurship boom and business environment in tourism, private investment, competitiveness in attracting tourists, variety of tourist attractions and places, tourism branding, the amount of the annual budget allocated by the government in the tourism.

The function of small towns and their development depend on various factors that should be considered in their planning. This shows the necessity and importance of futurism in the function of small towns in the settlement system. The main purpose of this research is to foresight the functions of small towns in the urban system of  Fars central area up to 2031. This study tries to identify the key factors affecting the functioning of small towns in the urban system of the Fars central area and to draw possible scenarios for the next 10 years, predicting the overall trend. This research is practical in purpose, a combination of documentary and survey methods in terms of data collection, analytical in terms of method, and futuristic in terms of time. According to the nature of the research, structural analysis and scenario analysis methods were used in MICMAC and Scenario Wizard software. The results showed that 15 key factors affect the functioning of small towns in the study area. These 15 factors lead to 45 possible futures based on scenario analysis. After analyzing the possible situations, 12 scenarios with the highest compatibility were extracted, among which the future status of small towns in the urban system of the Fars central area in most scenarios will continue the current situation with a favorable trend.

Small towns are considered important components of any urban system; therefore, studying the function and role of these towns in regional planning and development is essential. The intermediary function of these towns between urban and rural settlements and their provision of services at the local level have made them strategic elements in the balanced development of an urban system. The urban system of Fars province has been faced with two phenomena in the last few decades: a sharp increase in the number of small towns and the phenomenon of urban primacy. Considering the great connection between the small towns of the central district of Fars province and the metropolis of Shiraz and the mutual functional effects, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the functioning of the small towns in this area to improve its urban system. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in purpose. Documentary studies and research background as well as experts' opinions were used to identify and extract the factors affecting the functioning of these cities. Finally, 37 factors in economic, infrastructure, social, management and planning, and environmental dimensions were identified using environmental scanning and localization, and then a questionnaire in the form of a 37x37 matrix was prepared and completed by 17 experts. The collected data were analyzed using the cross impacts analysis method as one of the future study methods and utilizing the MICMAC software. The results show that the identified factors are effective in the functioning of small towns in this region in an unstable situation. Among the 37 factors identified, 15 of them, which are mainly economic, are key to the future of small towns' functioning in the urban system of the studied area.

Soil salinity, as one of the most important environmental stresses, is a serious threat to agricultural production. Currently, more than 20% of the agricultural lands, which includes 954 million hectares of the world's lands, is affected by soil salinity. Salinity is expanding daily and it is predicted that by 2050, more than 50% of the world's arable lands will be saline. The decrease in yield due to salinity stress in wheat is considerable and worrying, so that a 50% decrease in yield of durum wheat due to salinity of rainfed lands, and an 88% decrease in yield of bread wheat under irrigation with high salinity and and a 70% decrease in yield of bread wheat in sodic soils has been reported. The high levels of salt in soils and irrigation waters are worrying factors for agriculture, therefore it is necessary to develop the effective strategies to improve yield through salinity stress tolerance. The present study was carried out due to the importance of genetic accessions as sources of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses including salinity, and the existence of considerable genetic diversity in wheat germplasm to salinity stress tolerance. The objective of this experiment is to investigate the diversity of genetic accessions of bread wheat collection of Iran's National Plant Gene Bank, to compare the accessions with the tolerant control varieties, and to identify the new genetic resources for salinity tolerance.

To identify the genetic resources of salinity tolerance in wheat germplasm, 512 accessions from the bread wheat collection of the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran along with salinity tolerant varieties, Kavir, Roshan and Mahoti as controls, were investigated in two different augmented designs under normal and salinity stress conditions. The normal experiment was carried out at the research field of Yazd Research Center and the salt experiment was done at saline lands of Ardekan Research Station. The studied traits included spike length, spike density, 100-grain weight, number of tillers, plant height, number of spikelets per spike, number of florets per spikelet, number of grains per spike, days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period and grain weight of five spikes,  which were recorded according to the international description. To perform data statistical analyses, descriptive statistical indices were first calculated and then the studied accessions were grouped using K-means cluster analysis. Discriminant function analysis based on principal components was used to investigate the differentiation between the groups resulting from cluster analysis. Statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS and R softwares.
 
 
Research

The results showed that grain weight of five spikes (with a minimum of 4.15 and a maximum of 12.26 g in normal conditions and a minimum of 2.19 and a maximum of 9.78 g in stress conditions) and the number of spikes (with a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 8 in normal conditions and a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 7 in stress conditions) had the highest coefficients of variation, while days to heading (with a minimum-maximum of 130-163 days and 126-168 days in normal and salinity stress conditions, respectively) and days to maturity (with a minimum-maximum of 173-189 days and 168-196 days in normal and salinity stress conditions, respectively) had the lowest coefficient of variation under both normal and salinity stress conditions. A large number of superior accessions were identified for various traits compared to the control cultivars under both normal and salinity stress conditions. The results of stepwise regression indicated the importance of three characteristics, 100-grain weight, number of grains per spike and number of florets per spikelet, in describing the variation of grain weight of five spikes. The investigated accessions were divided into five groups using K-means cluster analysis and the control cultivars were separated into different groups so that Roshan and Mahooti along with 70 accessions were grouped in the first cluster and Kavir along with 53 accessions in the fifth cluster.

The results of this experiment showed the presence of significant and valuable genetic diversity in traits related to salt stress tolerance in the studied bread wheat germplasm. The effect of salinity stress on different traits of the studied accessions was different. Among the studied traits, 100-grain weight, number of grains per spike and number of florets per spike were more important, so they can be used in breeding programs. A large number of accessions were also superior to control cultivars for various traits. Cluster analysis grouped the control cultivars into distinct clusters, which indicates different aspects of salt stress tolerance in these cultivars. The superior accessions identified in this research can be used to improve salt stress tolerance in bread wheat breeding programs.

The present research, while investigating the spatial distribution pattern of Tehran's thermal islands in the context of social (behavioral) characteristics of this city, also deals with urban planning and development based on the effect of behavioral patterns to increase climate comfort. In this research, by examining the neighborhoods of ten, eleven and twelve districts of Tehran (selected neighborhoods resulting from overlapping urban quality GIS maps with satellite images of urban heating), including Mortazavi and Soleimani neighborhoods in ten district, Jumhori and Abbasi neighborhoods in eleven district and Harandi and Takhti neighborhoods are in Dozadhe region, finding the analytical relationship of continuity and correlation between the pattern of distribution of heat islands and the behavior patterns of citizens in the mentioned neighborhoods has been done with inferential analysis.

In order to provide urban planning solutions based on behavioral patterns appropriate to climatic comfort in the city of Tehran, the present research has addressed the dominant behavioral patterns of residents and visitors in urban contexts, and by expanding these analyzes on the connection and correlation between the distribution pattern of heat islands and the behavioral patterns of citizens in the neighborhoods According to the inferential analysis (SPSS) of ANOVA variance and Spearman's correlation coefficient, it provides urban planning solutions in the form of a coherent urban model resulting from these analyses. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and both documentary and field methods are used to collect data. In the documentary method, more scientific books and scientific-research publications have been used. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and both documentary and field methods are used to collect data. In the documentary method, more scientific books and scientific-research publications have been used. Basic GIS maps of population density, housing prices and quality of life taken from the National System of Applied Data are overlaid with satellite images from Landsat 8 and Madis satellites prepared in September and February 2014 by the author, up to the areas of Tehran that are responsible for the existence The arrival of heat islands in them is caused by the lack of urban quality in Tehran. Why so among the new methods of calculating the urban heat island and the role of different uses is the use of remote sensing and satellite images. In order to obtain the predominant behavioral patterns of residents and visitors in the urban contexts of the mentioned neighborhoods, including (time of presence, reasons for presence, frequency of presence and population density) with the field method and distribution of questionnaires to the subjective and perceptual evaluation of people in the environment and Its descriptive analysis is discussed. While conducting field studies, qualitative analysis was also done based on behavioral and semantic observations. In order to find the analytical relationship of continuity and correlation between the distribution pattern of heat islands and the behavioral patterns of citizens, an inferential analysis has been performed.

Presence in different neighborhoods has different manifestations. By creating invitingness in other activity spaces by strengthening activities with activity overflow, defining pause and movement spaces in the space of the main streets on the edge and within the context of the neighborhood, controlling the entry and exit of vehicles to the neighborhood by defining the entrance for the main streets, etc. during these hours. Finally, by expanding the analyzes that have been done in this research, urban planning solutions will be implemented in the urban system to solve the problem of heat islands with behavioral patterns.

The neighborhoods under study lost their climatic comfort and became heat islands due to the presence of mixed uses and traffic interference, management disorder, etc. The activities in these neighborhoods are known at the city level in terms of meaning, but they lack proper implementation rules. Therefore, these parts have the necessary potential to explain and provide behavioral patterns to reduce the effects of heat islands. In order to explain and present the principles of reducing the effects of heat islands and increasing the level of public satisfaction, controlling attendance in neighborhoods, and paying attention to the low traffic hours of each neighborhood and its management are among the most important factors in reducing heat islands with behavioral patterns.

Today, tourism development is recognized as one of the important strategies for achieving sustainable development and has found a particular place in the development plans of various countries. The aim of this study is to identify tourism development scenarios with a futures  studies approach in Khorramabad County.   The present study is applied in terms of purpose and has an analytical-exploratory nature and is based on future study methods. The data and information collection method is documentary and field and the population of this research was 14 experts in the field of tourism and spatial planning. To analyze the data, the cross-impact analysis method, MICMAC software and Scenario Wizard were used.The findings of this study showed that 12 key factors are effective in the development of tourism in the study area, which, according to scenario analysis, leads to 36 possible situations. After analysis of possible scenarios, 3 scenarios with very high scores and a high probability of occurrence, 11 plausible scenarios and 3471 scenarios with a low probability have been shown in the development of tourism. In addition, a static scenario with a favorable trend is known to be the most probable scenario. Finally, strategies and policies have been proposed for tourism development in the study area according to the selected scenario

Urban Development requires financing by urban management. Due to the inability to provide capital for urban projects, there is a growing need for private sector investment and the use of banks and institutions in many cities around the world to develop infrastructure. The purpose of this study, in terms of the nature of the application and the target is descriptive, review and prioritize internal and external factors affecting investment and the participation of the private sector in the development of a case in the city of Shiraz. The statistical population of this research included all experts in urban planning and university professors who have specialized studies in the field of urban development, urban housing, and in regional planning. Using the randomly available sampling 30 experts were selected and questioned. A data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that included a list of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses (59 items). Validity of the questionnaire (formal validity) was verified by the university professors and experts and the reliability of the tool was determined by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.796, which is indicative of the coherence and reliability of the data. In this study, a combination analysis (ANP) was used and SPSS, EXCEL and Super Decision software were used to analyze the information. The results showed that the most suitable strategies for the Attracting Private Sector Involvement in Shiraz Urban Development were strategies WO (0.285), WT (0.246), ST (0.125), and SO (0.122).

The aging of the population in developed and developing countries calls for special attention to improve the quality of life for older people. Meanwhile, one of the key factors influencing the quality of life of older people is their mobility. Most of the previous studies have considered the mobility of younger people while considering the aging of the population, the mobility of older people needs special attention. This research aims to investigate the factors affecting older adults’ mobility in urban spaces. Thus, we examined Sage, Science Direct, Wiley, Taylor and Francis databases. Initially, 300 papers were gathered. In the following steps, after a more detailed review of the content of the papers and the removal of the unrelated ones, 28 papers remained which had the most relevance to the subject, and content analysis was done. The content analysis results show that the factors affecting elderly mobility are personal factors, lifestyle and attitudinal factors, and built environment factors. Finally, the model of the factors affecting elderly mobility is proposed. According to this model, the three factors proposed can affect the mobility of older adults directly and indirectly. Our findings add to the growing research on investigating older adults’ mobility factors. If urban planners get familiar with the factors affecting the mobility of older people in urban spaces, they can lead people to more sustainable modes of mobility and decrease car orientation in urban areas. Therefore, in future policies, the role of all the factors in the mobility of older people should be considered because the restriction of mobility can prevent the active participation of individuals in social activities and ultimately create feelings of depression and social isolation.

Several types of research have been performed to desalinate the water efficiently. Solar energy, as a low-cost, abundant, and clean energy, has a great potential to alleviate water shortages. Solar water desalination has been considered as an efficient method to utilize in the water desalination process. A solar water evaporation and condensation system are implemented to desalinate water. Solar evaporator system has been proposed and used to produce clean water. High solar energy conversion efficiency requires excellent light absorption, thermal conduction, and water supply performance. Several parameters, such as fluid inlet temperature or inlet velocity, were investigated. The results indicate the best performance in the 1 L/min flow rate and 0.6 m of tube length. Computational fluid dynamics using the COMSOL program was used to analyze the process and find the optimum process conditions.

Today, the use of drones to automate activities such as civil works, rescue operations, and military missions is expanding to increase speed and accuracy, retaining manpower and reducing costs. According to this approach, in this paper, hybrid control of position and force for a spherical inverted pendulum on top of a quadrotor whose motion is constrained in the vertical direction is studied to enable the quadrotor-spherical inverted pendulum system to perform operations such as painting and cleaning on high ceilings. In this regard, first using Newton-Euler laws, the equations of motion governing the quadrotor-inverted pendulum system in the constrained motion are extracted, and then by presenting a model for the constraint force, a hierarchical control system including position-force control loop, inverted pendulum orientation control loop and quadrotor orientation control loop is provided. Proposed Control laws for the inverted pendulum orientation control loop and the quadrotor orientation control loop are designed using some theorems of geometric control methods.  Finally, to study the performance of the proposed control method, some numerical simulations have been performed.

Part of the current issues related to mobility in urban spaces goes back to the definition and measurement of mobility. Mobility is the capacity to be mobile. Regarding that capacity relates to the individual's mind or the built environment, mobility is defined differently.

This study aims to review the theories related to mobility and thus provide a theoretical and operational framework for measuring mobility in urban spaces.

In this regard, the Content analysis method has been used to analyze the data in phases of Preparation, Organization, and classification.

The results of content analysis show that these theories can be divided into three categories of subjectivist, environmentalist, and pluralist theories; Subjective theories focus on the mental nature of mobility and regard mobility as a function of individuals' habits, attitudes, motivations, and norms; In contrast, environmentalist theories pay special attention to the impact of environmental factors such as density, land use mix, and accessibility on the mobility of individuals. Pluralist theories consider citizens' differences according to their personal characteristics and situation, and therefore consider diversity and difference effective in mobility and involve them in the evaluation and measurement process.

The study of the factors affecting mobility shows that mobility is a complex and multilevel concept that is influenced by many factors; therefore, if urban planners want to improve the urban mobility system, they must pay special attention to the role of all these factors and the relationships between them.

The lack of germination success and subsequent seedling recruitment of recalcitrant acorns of Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii) has been described as one of the main reasons for the cessation of sexual regeneration in Zagros forests. What happens to acorns whose viability is immediately lost is examined in the form of overwintering. In this study, overwintering conditions following seed dispersal were simulated by subjecting freshly harvested acorns with three moisture content levels (85, 90 and 100% fully hydration) at 3°C for up to three months. The results indicated that Brant’s oak acorns are totally recalcitrant and show no signs of dormancy. Their viability depended entirely on the moisture content. Fully hydrated acorns maintained a viability rate of more than 80% after three months of overwintering. This time period for acorns with 95% full hydration lasted only one month. At 90% fully hydration, the viability rate of acorns decreased almost immediately to less than 80%, and to less than 50 and 20% after 1 and 3 months, respectively. The passage of time was deteriorating during overwintering and its negative effects accelerated after one month, even for fully hydrated acorns.

Tactical urban planning is mentioned as an emerging movement in urban planning in which citizens’ interventions in the urban space in the form of rapid and low-cost implementation is one of its main features. It is an approach that addresses alternative urban futures based on fundamental democracy and social justice. This approach seeks to realize the active action of citizens in recovering and redesigning small-scale urban spaces and promoting a sense of belonging to urban environments. However, this subject in the internal studies has gotten less precise and in-depth investigation, so the need to develop a theoretical framework for its application in domestic urban planning is felt. It seems that in our country, like many developing countries, decision-making processes in urban areas are usually top-down. Bureaucratic procedures in preparing and implementing programs do not have the necessary flexibility, and people's participation for various reasons is still not fully realized and not enough. In this situation, carrying out or facilitating some urban projects in a tactical way can increase social capital and citizen participation, improve and enhance the quality of urban spaces, and create places in the form of active citizen agency. 

This study seeks to answer the three main questions “What”, “Why”, and “How” about “Tactical Urbanism” and develop a theoretical framework of this approach for its application in urban planning and urban management. In line with research objectives, based on the systematic review method, after searching for sources and selecting optimal research documents in three stages, scientific documents were selected, and the process of content analysis, code extraction, and compilation of themes based on three categories were done. Initial verification was performed on the text of these documents. In the first stage, using the method of "library studies", the subject's background is collected with the help of an online search. In March 2017, in the first phase, 76 articles, dissertations”, and scientific-research notes were downloaded by searching for the keywords “Tactical Urban Design” and “Tactical Urbanism” in Google Scholar search environment. It should be noted that the subject of tactical urban planning, due to its nature, has been reflected more in the form of practical projects. Therefore, a significant part of the textual documents available on this subject are guides or practical reports of implemented projects. After carefully reviewing the titles and summaries of these documents, 23 titles were removed due to insufficient validity, and the texts of the 53 remaining documents in the second stage were re-examined and refined. At this stage, with a quick review of the contents, 39 scientific documents were selected. 

In the category of “What” is tactical urbanism and in the theme of “Similar Concepts”, the codes of “DIY Urbanism” and “Guerrilla Urbanism”, in the category of codes related to the theme of “Characteristics”, the codes of “Low Cost” and “Temporary” and in the category of codes associated with the theme of “Nature”, the code of “Creativity and Innovation” had the most repetition. Content analysis of the category “Why” was summarized in two categories of “Underlying Factors” in the form of 14 codes and seven themes, and also the “Benefits” of this method of urban planning in the form of 25 codes and five themes. In the first category, “long and bureaucratic procedures” and “non-accountability of government institutions”, and in the second category, “realization of citizen participation in decision-making and implementation” had the most repetition. Also, in the category of “how”, the findings of content analysis are organized in the form of the themes of “actors”, “types of applications”, “how to do” and “obstacles and challenges”. Finally, in the framework of this category, the types of tactical urban planning experiences in the form of completed projects have been analyzed. They have been set in 27 instances and eight different thematic categories. In this section, “reuse of lost spaces in the city” and “public art and details of space design” have had the most repetition among the examples.The main issues underlying the expansion of tactical urban planning in the world in our country also have their examples with differences in intensity and quality. Although tactical projects are fast, sometimes temporary, and in the format of low-cost projects, they have led to significant and permanent changes in different cities in many cases. Additionally, benefiting from the active agency experience of citizens in organizing and improving the quality of urban spaces as one of the essential benefits of expanding tactical urban planning experiences emphasizes the importance of following this approach in a planned manner. Given that the actors of this approach in different countries have included a diverse range of urban agents, involving NGOs and socially active groups, especially in urban neighborhoods, accompanying and justifying them concerning the ways to advance tactical projects, their benefits, and giving examples for ideation, is recommended. Although the decision-making and implementation of these projects in many countries are followed from the bottom up, the role of city managers, on the one hand, and academic professionals and experts in the field of urban planning, on the other hand, cannot be ignored. Various examples of tactical urban planning, presented in this study as a regular framework in several specific thematic areas, while emphasizing the contextual view, are applicable in many urban spaces and neighborhoods of our country and can be used to start tactical processes and projects. At the same time, in different neighborhoods and cities, there are undoubtedly indigenous and traditional examples of effective and active agency of citizens, especially in urban neighborhoods, whose revitalization and strengthening can improve the quality of urban spaces and help achieve various benefits of tactical urban planning.

The findings of this study can be used by local managers, urban planners, urban planning stakeholders, and non-governmental organizations to carry out tactical projects by adopting a localization approach and considering socio-cultural contexts and legal potentials.

It is challenging to implement evidence-based care and update and improve health care policy. Adhering to evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) serves as a guide for making decisions based on the best evidence and making an attempt to improve the quality of patient care and outcomes. Despite the need for implementing CPGs in Iranian hospitals, the concept and implementation method of CPGs are not clear yet. This action research aims to propose the soft systems methodology (SSM) to facilitate the implementation of CPGs in a general hospital in Iran.

We employed the SSM to conceptualize the situation for the implementation of CPGs. Semi-structured in-depth interviews and group discussions with different stakeholders were used to define the purposeful activity model. The SSM tools and techniques were used to identify the main areas of change and select necessary measures to facilitate the implementation of CPGs. Flexible qualitative methods for data collection and analysis were utilized throughout the study.

Applying SSM for implementing CPGs could generate knowledge by recognizing hyper-complexity in healthcare setting, adopting an attitude of inquiry, and fostering dynamic changes in diverse and numerous worldviews of professionals in the accommodation process. This knowledge can provide a model for the successful implementation of CPGs at a macro-system level and facilitate the persuasion process for its implementation at the mesosystem level. More importantly, adopting SSM can create iterative learning loops over time and, thus, help the clinical microsystems face future healthcare complexities.

The application of systems thinking approaches, especially SSM is recommended for implementing CPGs and addressing complex issues in healthcare settings and other system levels.

Identifying the challenges in clinical guidelines implementation from the perspective of clinical care providers can provide valuable information for implementers and policymakers providing clinical care services at the local and national levels. The present study aimed to identify the challenges of implementing clinical guidelines from the perspective of clinical care providers. 

The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study included a number of key stakeholders and aware of how to provide clinical care in Allameh Behlool Gonabadi Hospital affiliated to Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2020, which were purposefully selected by snowball method. Data collection was continued through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion sessions until the data saturation stage was reached. A total of 30 interviews were conducted. The four criteria of Lincoln & Guba were used for the accuracy and robustness of the study findings. Data were analyzed by content analysis method and Graneheim & Lundman content analysis method.

542 meaning unit and 71 condensed meaning unit were extracted. After aggregating them, 3 categories and 12 subcategories were identified as effective challenges in implementing clinical guidelines.

Challenges of implementing clinical guidelines include procedural, process, and structural challenges. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to these challenges in writing, developing and implementing clinical guidelines at all different levels of clinical care providers.

Liquid transport by unmanned aerial vehicles is a necessary task in autonomous firefighting and field spraying missions. On the other hand, transient and residual sloshing of the liquid during and after the movement can cause instability, increase position error and control effort, and create danger or damage if the liquid is flammable. Therefore, in this study, control of a liquid carrier quadrotor has been studied and a controller has been presented that, unlike previous studies, can provide stability in point-to-point transmission without the need to measure or estimate liquid states. For this purpose, a controller is first designed by linearizing the equations of motion of the system and assuming the liquid is rigid via pole placement. On the other hand, in order for the behavior of the system to be similar to the behavior of the design model and to maintain the stability of the system, the liquid sloshing must be reduced as much as possible. Therefore, a command smoother based on the natural frequencies of the liquid sloshing modes is used. The ability of the proposed control system has been investigated, validated, and compared with a similar study by simulation. Also, the simulation results show that the implementation of the designed command smoother can significantly reduce the amplitude of liquid sloshing, the deviation of the system states from the equilibrium state, and the control effort.

The main purpose of this research was to study the impact of intellectual capital on financial performance through the interactive variable of dynamic capabilities in Islamic Azad University of Fars province. The statistical population consisted of Faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Fars province about 2000 people and a sample of 384 people according to Cochran formula at 95% confidence level. Also, data collection tool was a 38-items consolidated questionnaire of Singh-Rao (2016), Asiaei and Jusoh (2015), Wang et al. (2014), Mention and Bontis (2013), which was confirmed and its reliability is estimated at 73%. In order to analyze the data at the descriptive level, descriptive-consolidated tables were used in SPSS 23 software and structural equation modeling was used at inferential level in component-driven method by using Smart PLS2 software. Finally, the findings of this research showed that intellectual capital indirectly (through dynamic intermediary of dynamic capabilities) influenced the financial performance, by the way, intellectual capital directly affected dynamic capabilities, and dynamic capabilities directly affected the financial performance

Bulky material publication in disparate fields is an encarnation of swift science development. Therefore, academics need peruse voraciously to keep up-to-date; the situation is direr concerning students.

The present process is a follow-up process in which students took a course (including training, tools, study skills, learning contracts, feedback, and follow-up). The present process, commencing in February 2016 based on theoretical studies by the faculty members of Language group, was designed in two main phases and several steps. Initially, surprise reading-comprehension and speed tests were given to the students. AnkiDroid and ReaderAcer were employed so as to boost the students' general lexicon and first speed-reading sub-skill (first semester), and academic vocabulary and second speed-reading sub-skill (second semester). Each session, 15 and 5 minutes were spent onspeed-reading sub-skills and lexicon development, respectively. struggling students were supported through learning contracts.

Students improved their reading speed and vocabulary knowledge by 4.5 and approximately 2 times, respectively. According to the students, the utility of the skills was also expanded to other courses; this claim is justifiable considering the transferability of acquired skills.

This process was presented as a general language course, where time limit was extremely tangible. Overall, the students were satisfied with the process, and the joy of learning new and useful points rendered the process for the students hard to miss. Researchers believe that the special courses of learning, motivation and study planning techniques are very effective in improving educational and community spirits when conducting educational processes.

Today’s, in the process of urban decay regeneration, historic districts are emphasized as the manifestation of economic, social dimensions, and the crystallization of culture and urban identity, based on which identifying the scope of these districts is the first step to regeneration and preserve them. It is also one of the challenges of urban management and those in charge of affairs in Iran. As such, this paper aims to identify the range of historical district of Jahrom city, through a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizing documentary sources and libraries, the necessary indicators (19 indicators) are gathered in the terms of economic, social, physical-spatial dimensions, and historic.

Then, these indicators were investigated using a spatial analysis approach by combining two models of analytical network process (ANP) and Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (F-ANP) through ARC GIS software. The information required to quantify and evaluate the indicators are collected from some sources such as the official census in 2016, field perceptions, urban development plans, the extracted, and the weighted indicators in the developed model, by surveying the experts, urban management, and researchers.

Ultimately, this paper introduced the historic district of Jahrom in two zones. In this way, some indicators (1) the existence of primary market core via weight of 0.146, and (2) the existence of recorded historic monuments with weight of 0.133, obtain the highest scores to determine the historic district of Jahrom.

Moreover, the importance of the proposed dimensions has simultaneously been emphasized such as the historical, physical-spatial, economic, and social dimensions, respectively.

Interpersonal Behavior Analysis is one of the theories that has paid much attention to interpersonal relationships, the process of life events and the interactions of individuals with each other and has provided practical solutions to interpersonal issues; Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of interaction behavior analysis on emotional maturity and communication beliefs. The research method was quasi-experimental and the pretest-posttest design was with the control group. Among the women who volunteered for marriage and referred to Golabchi Medical Center and Psychiatric Clinic in Kashan in the second half of 2020 for premarital counseling, 52 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly in the experimental group (26 people). ) And witness (26 people) were included. In the pre-test, women answered the Sink and Bahargawa (1984) Emotional Maturity Questionnaire and the Idelson and Epstein (1981) Communication Beliefs Questionnaire. Group therapy sessions were held for the experimental group for 8 sessions (period of 2 months) and again at the end of the sessions the questionnaires were completed by the control and experimental groups. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that interaction behavior analysis training was effective on emotional stability and irrational communication beliefs of women volunteering for marriage (p <0.05). According to the research findings, it is suggested to use the teachings of reciprocal behavior analysis in counseling centers to equip women volunteers with appropriate and satisfactory communication skills.

Walking between school and home is a good opportunity for students to reach the recommended level of physical activity during the day. The paper aims to investigate the effect of individual and family factors on the walking of primary school students to school. The study students (n: 1503) were randomly selected from 18 primary schools in Shiraz. The questionnaire included the student's travel type, their individual characteristics (age and gender), family characteristics (parental occupation and education, average income and so on) were completed and analyzed using the binary logistic regression model. Findings showed girls have less tendency to walk. In addition, increasing the father's level of education reduces walking among students. Moreover, an increase in the number of children in the family, having active daily trips by mothers and Improving parents' attitudes toward the quality of passages will increase students walking to school. Meanwhile, car ownership, the number of family members with driving licenses, average income, and parental attitudes toward traffic accidents and parental perception toward the walking time to school were indirectly related to a student walking. The present study highlights the importance of individual and family factors on students' walking rates for urban planners and policymakers. One of the important results of this study is that by changing the pattern of mother daily trips from personal vehicles to active trips, students will be more likely to walk to school.