فهرست مطالب ali taherinia

The tendon of the biceps long head is one of the most important causes of shoulder pain and often plays a multifactorial role in subacromial impingement syndrome. The present study aimed to determine the effect of kinesiotape application on the tendon thickness of the biceps long head, pain, and proprioception of shoulder joint in athletes with subacromial impingement syndrome.

In this quasi-experimental study, 20 male athletes with subacromial impingement syndrome were selected purposefully and conveniently. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 received a real kinesiotape, and group 2 received a sham kinesiotape. Tendon thickness of the biceps long head was measured by MRI, shoulder proprioception was measured by an imaging technique, and the pain was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately and 24 hours after using kinesiotape. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the distribution, and repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the mean differences between the two groups. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

There were no significant differences in the thickness of the biceps tendon between the two groups in the three stages of measurement (P=0.147). There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the joint position sense at 45 degrees (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference at 90 degrees (P˃0.05). There was a significant difference between the pain scores of the two groups after the kinesiology tape application (P<0.001).

Kinesiotape can reduce pain and improve the proprioception sense in athletes with subacromial impingement syndrome.

One of the most common psychological complications in Covid-19 care nurses is stress and anxiety, especially anxiety disorder. This type of anxiety can be considered as one of the important psychological diagnoses in nurses. One of the positive psychological mechanisms in the treatment of diseases and control of resilience anxiety is resilience. Resilience ensures people's mental health by modifying and minimizing factors such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the role of resilience in anxiety symptoms of corona nurses of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. 

The present study is cross-sectional and correlated with the statistical population of nurses involved in Covid-19 wards. Data gathering done by sample characteristics using Beck Anxiety Questionnaire for measuring the clinical anxiety symptoms in the subjects. Using the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire to measuring resilience of the samples.

28 female and 14 male nurses participated in this study. The average rate of resilience in the studied nurses was 71.05 indicates the high resilience of these people. The average anxiety of the subjects is 7.43.

The results showed that the general health scores of the nurses did not have a good health status. Resilience rate is high in the nurses. The results show that the average anxiety of the subjects is not high on average. In statistical studies, the results showed that the distribution of scores in the sample in anxiety was normal.

Brain injury is a prevalent problem in emergency department. Assessing traumatic brain injury (TBI) usually needs imaging, of them Computed Tomography scanning (CT scan) is very useful for detecting brain pathology in these patients. On the other hand in mild TBI patients, CT imaging may be used without indication which leads to overuse and unnecessary harm to patients and also waste of resources. Due to the lack of data in Iran, the study aimed to assess the compatibility of Brain CT Scans with valid guidelines criteria in mild traumatic brain injury patients in emergency department of Madani medical education center in Karaj.

A cross-sectional design study were used to assess compatibility of CT scans with different guidelines. A convenient sample of patients with mild TBI who referred to the emergency department of Madani medical education center and had underwent CT scan, entered the study. Patients with other accompanying injuries excluded from the study. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms of patients were gathered using a check list. Indications for doing CT scans in adults were checked using Neworleans and Canadian guidelines. PECARN guideline also used for children. Data analyzed using SPSS software.

267 patients with the mean age of 35.13 (±22.502) years were evaluated. 168 (62.9%) patients were male and 99 (37.1%) were female. 35 (13.1%) patients according to PECARN+Neworleans guidelines and 127 (47.6%) patients according to PECARN+Canadian guidelines did not have any indication. Only 14 (5.2%) patients had abnormal CT findings. All of them had indications of performing CT scan. It could be estimated that 43 or 157 thousand brain CT scan are performed without indication, which result in wasting more than 23 or 84 billion rials of health system budget.

The results of this study indicate the use of valid guideline criteria reduce unnecessary brain CTs, thus preventing the loss of cost, time, manpower and depreciation of devices and also causes reduction of disease caused by the complication of CT scan radiation.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, along with recurrent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations and unavailability of specific treatment indicates the need for effective treatments. In this regard, supportive therapies can be highly beneficial and essential. Gastrointestinal microbiome balance has long been considered a vital factor in human health. The use of probiotics has been suggested to treat diseases in which the gut microbiome is imbalanced. Gastrointestinal symptoms are present in some patients with COVID-19, and experiments have shown microbial imbalance in these patients. The inhibition of neutrophil elastase (NE) and an increase in butyrate can help improve and recover COVID-19 by inhibiting virus entry and its proliferation, boosting the immune system, performing antimicrobial functions, and preventing hypercoagulability. Therefore, the possibility of using a combination of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705, Odoribacter, and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum 25-3T was proposed for this purpose. In this review article, we discussed the association between the gut microbiome and COVID-19 infection and evaluated the potential of modulating the balance of the gut microbiome in preventing adverse events during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Breathing is the most common way of entering chemicals, especially detergents, into work places. Most acute and chronic pneumoconiosis can caused by inhalation of occupational pollutants. Occupational aerosol pollutants, especially gases and chemical vapors, can cause various pulmonary diseases due to individual difference. Chronic and acute poisoning by detergents is a major problem in developing countries and poisoning with some detergent compounds is common in these countries more than developed countries. The toxic effects of exposure by detergent on various organs had been studied. However the major route of exposure to these compounds is the inhalation, it have not been studied comprehensively acute and chronic respiratory effects of occupational exposure to these compounds. Or results for respiratory effects contradictory have been reported. Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic and irritating liquid that has antiseptic, antiviral and antifungal properties due to oxidizing. Hydrogen peroxide used to clean packaging equipment of dairy and fruit juice. The procedure of these equipment is immersion to the hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide can stimulate the respiratory system. Repeated exposure by this combination may lead to bronchitis, cough, sputum and dyspnea. Long-term exposure sometimes cause disappear pigmentation and burning sensation in skin. Higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide can cause red rash and blisters. Inhalation of this substance may cause sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Hydrogen peroxide released into the environment initially vaporizes and gradually decomposes into water and oxygen. Cleaning workers at the dairy Industry use hydrogen peroxide to clean the salon. Dairy workers have reported occupational disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertensive pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and cancer. It is not found comprehensive study on effective exposure and exposure conditions, individual parameters and other confounding factors, that show what proportion of exposure can lead to respiratory disorder in exposed workers. The purpose of this study is finding amount and type of workers exposure to hydrogen peroxide, also long time effect of pollutants exposure and the adverse effects on the respiratory system of cleaning workers in the dairy industry.

Study was planned as a case-control study. Statistical population is workers in a dairy factory. 10 workers was considered as case group exposed to hydrogen peroxide and 20 workers as control group. All sample subjects had a minimum of 4 years working experience in their work places. Exclusion criteria were low work experience, smoking, respiratory disease, and age less than 30 and more than 50 years. Hydrogen peroxide was sampled by OSHA VI-6 standard methods. In this method the sample is collected using a midget fritted-glass bubbler containing 15mL TiOSO4. Used an air sampling pump at flow rate of 1.0 L/min. The pump properly calibrated so that the volume of air sampled determined accurately from the flow rate and time. After sampling for analyte extraction samples transferred to the spectrophotometer vials. Absorption measured at 410 nm by spectrophotometer. And measured using a spectrophotometer. From the calibration curve of the standard samples, the amount of contaminants in the sampled analytes determined. Demographic questionnaire used to collect information such as age, work experience, underlying disease, hereditary disease and smoking. To obtain the disorder of respiratory system used a Vitalograph Compact spirometer. All subjects evaluated by spirometric tests under the assistance of a physician. This test determined the respiratory ability of the subjects. Performance respiratory system evaluated by pulmonary volumes and capacities according to the physician opinion. The investigations performed in this study determined lung force vital capacity (FVC) and the forced expiratory vital capacity in the first second (FEV1). The FEV1 / FVC ratio measured and determined for all subjects in case and control groups. If this ratio was above 75%, respiratory function was correct. If the ratio is less than 75% the subject had a respiratory complication. If the ratio was above 75% but FVC was less than 80 % the subject had a respiratory complication. The results of questionnaire, spirometry and medical examinations analyzed by statistical tests. Comparisons between means and nonparametric tests were performed to compare the differences between the means of the case and control groups. Oddchr('39')s ratio calculated and analyzed for both groups, respiratory health and disease in both groups to make sure the confidence interval results.

The case group mean age was 46.6±6.9 and control group 42±5. Comparison of age mean in two groups with definite variance test, it concluded that the mean age of both groups was equal (95% Confidence). Interfering factors were ineffective according to exclusion criteria, because the underlying and hereditary diseases eliminated in both case and control groups. By measuring the exposure levels, if exposure exceeds the 8-hour limit (1ppm) it was identified as exposed sample and otherwise unexposed. Spirometery test showed 6 workers of case group and 8 workers of control group had disorder. The ratio of disorder workers and without disorder in case and control group was 1.5, 0.67. By statistical analysis and calculating Odds Ratio, the chance ofcomplicating in this workplace by H2O2 exposure workers were 2.25 times greater than unexposed. Considering to confidence interval 2.12-10.76 and OR, it could be said that hydrogen peroxide exposure in the population issignificantly caused respiratory disorder (95% confidence). According to the results in the 4-13 year work experience category, the relationship between exposure and respiratory system disorder was significant and strong. In other words, more work experience would had fewer side effects. In the category 13-21 years, this relationship was not detected. There was a significant relationship in the categorization of the age group of 21 to 30 years, but due to the extent of trust gap, this result cannot be generalized to society. There is also a significant relationship between smokings in study groups, but due to the wide range of confidence intervals, this result is not generalizable to the society and only in case group as a positive factor affecting deliberate pulmonary disorder

According to the results of this study, the incidence of restricted respiratory symptoms in exposed workers has increased compared to unexposed workers. Result of this study is similar to other studies which conducted in the field of chronic respiratory symptoms. Respiratory system is primary target organism for all inhalable toxins, function of respiratory system was affected by exposure to hydrogen peroxide by inhalation. Long-term exposure to lower levels of pollutants in the workplace may result in chronic disorders such as chronic bronchitis, fibrosis, and lung cancer. Exposure to high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (7 ppm) stimulates the upper respiratory system. Other symptoms, such as headaches, nausea and diarrhea have been observed among exposed workers. No other respiratory symptoms have been studied in workers in this study. Workers exposed constantly higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in work place. The concentration of other pollutants in this plant has not been studied, but it can predicted that exposure to this substance alone in different ways will lead to respiratory disorder. The results also show that workers exposed to hydrogen peroxide are at risk of respiratory disorder. According to the findings of this study, the cause of lung function defects is unclear when exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Different studies have shown that exposure increases production of anionic superoxide in pulmonary arteries. However, it can partially stated that the lung diseases are caused by parenchymal lung disease or neuromuscular disorders. The workers in this study did not use appropriate personal protective equipment at work place. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide uptake may occur by any of the inhalation, dermal or even oral ingestion pathways, and cannot be presented the role of either of these pathways in respiratory disorder. Presence of smokers in the study, it is not possible to comment correctly on the extent to which each of these variables has an impact on development of pulmonary morbidity. One of the limitations of this study was simultaneous exposure to several factors such as hydrogen peroxide and smoking in workers, the respiratory disorder deficits cannot be attributed to exposure to one or a combination of several factors.Another limitation of the study was that the respiratory disease in workers diagnosed by spirometry. According to the studies, the last diagnosis of respiratory disorders will be made by plethysmography that was not possible in this study. It was recommended to determine respiratory disorder in exposed workers, that respiratory function tests be performed, especially when workerschr('39') respiratory disorders was increased or when expose with high concentration contamination.

The weakness of hip muscles, abductors, and external rotators has been confirmed in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome in comparison with healthy people. This study investigates the effects of gluteus medius Kinesio taping in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome during functional tasks.

A total of 30 females with PFPS were randomly assigned into Kinesio taping group (n = 15) and the placebo group (n = 15). Pain intensity was measured using the numerical pain rating scale in 4 functional tasks; walking, squatting, ascending, and descending stairs, at baseline plus immediately as well as 24 following Kinesio taping. The data were then statistically analyzed.

Mixed-model ANOVAs, with repeated measures on time, indicated statistically significant differences between groups in pain over time for walking (P = 0.000), squatting (P = 0.007), and descending stairs tasks (P = 0.000). However, there were no significant differences between groups in the ascending stair task (P = 0.651).

The results showed that compared to placebo in reducing pain in athletes with PFPS, gluteus Medius Kinesio taping was effective in functional tasks of walking, squatting, as well ss moving up and down stairs.

Effective communication is an important factor in pre-hospital care. The emergency medical communication and dispatch center is one of the most stressful work environments in the healthcare domain so that it is essential to assess the harmful factors associated with this work environment. According to the guidelines of pre-hospital emergency procedures, it should take 120 seconds from the triage nurse response to the moment the mission is announced. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ergonomic status at the workplace on the time of the announcement of the mission to dispatch personnel working at emergency medical communication and dispatch center. This study was conducted based on a descriptive-interventional design. In total, 36 participants were randomly selected from emergency medical communication and dispatch center. The data were collected using luxmeter, sound meter, and rapid office strain assessment. This study evaluated the time of the mission announcement by the communication and dispatch staff. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. According to the results, the intervention affected the time of call registration and the mission assignment. The measured time before the intervention was 2.02s which decreased to 1.92s after the intervention. Therefore, the results indicated that the intervention significantly contributed to the differences between the times of registration until the mission assignment. It can be concluded that the improvement of ergonomic status can have effects on the staffs' performance.

Renal colic is a common cause of emergency room visits. Due to the spontaneous passage of more than 90% of kidney stones, treatment in the emergency department (ED) is limited to pain control. Analgesics currently used are selected based on physician experiences and various theories from different sources. The aim of this study was to compare the common drugs (pethidine and diclofenac) used for renal colic in Iran. In this single-blinded randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with renal colic who referred to the ED of Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah were randomly assigned to each of 3 treatments including pethidine suppository (50 mg, iv), diclofenac suppository (50 mg), and a combination of pethidine and diclofenac suppository. In this regard, the response to treatment and duration of hospitalization were compared. The best medicine to relieve pain intensity in patients under 25 years was diclofenac suppository. In patients in the age range of 25-45 years, pethidine and diclofenac were the best choice. Conversely, in patients older than 45 years, pethidine was the best treatment. We could also observe a decrease in the length of hospitalization in patients who received pethidine. It can be concluded that morphine is more appropriate to control pain and reduce the length of hospitalization in patients with renal colic.

Simultaneous electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are seen in hemorrhagic brain events even in the absence of associated myocardial infarction (MI). This study was designed to assess the role of ECG changes to predict true MI in patients with hemorrhagic brain trauma.

Data of 153 patients with traumatic brain injury and concomitant ECG changes were recorded. Enzyme study was performed for the patients, and a cardiologist confirmed the diagnosis of MI.

Overall, 83 females and 70 males older than 50 years of age were enrolled in the study. The most common type of hemorrhagic brain event was subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the most common ECG change was an inverted T wave. MI was confirmed in 15 (9.8%) patients. Patients with intracranial hemorrhage had significantly (p= 0.023) higher rates of associated MI than other types of brain hemorrhages. ST segment elevation was found to have a positive predictive value of 71.4% in males and 25% in females in terms of diagnosing a true MI associated with hemorrhagic brain events.

Although simultaneous cardiac changes are seen after sympathetic over- activity in brain hemorrhages, regular ECG screening of elder patients with traumatic brain injury is suggested, particularly in patients with intracranial hemorrhages.

To compare two methods of tympanic membrane (TM) grafting when graft materials medial or lateral to malleus, this study have been done.

In this clinical trial which was conducted in Alzahra and Kashani hospitals, between June 2010 and February 2012, 56 patients with chronic otitis media and perforated TM entered the study in two groups. The inclusion criteria consisted of patients who were at least 15-years-old without history of smoking, diabetes mellitus or autoimmune disease. Exclusion criteria of the study: No compliance for follow up, post-surgical ear trauma or any infective pathology that directly affects the ear. In Group A patients, the graft material is pierced in near central part of the graft and they lodged so that the malleus handle projects through the graft perforation. Group B had grafting in the lateral side of the malleus. Three month after surgery both groups examined and tested by audiometry. Success of surgery is defined as complete repair of TM, without lateralization, atelectasis, blunting or retraction pocket.

This study contained 28 patients in Group A and 28 in Group B. Overall success rate was 94.64% that was 96.42% in Group A, and 92.85% in Group B. Differences of air-bone gap in each group before and after surgery was 16.10 (±4.89) in Group A, and 15.78 (±3.40) in Group B. Improvement of hearing level was not significant between two surgical methods (P = 0.442).

Both techniques (medial and lateral to malleus handle) of TM grafting are effective with success rates 96.42% and 92.85% respectively.