فهرست مطالب ali zamani

The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of melatonin treatment on the tolerance of basil plants to the excess of copper and zinc mineral elements.

The effect of melatonin treatment (at two levels of 0 and 100 micromolar) on the tolerance of basil plants to the excess of mineral elements copper (50 and 150 μM) and zinc (50 and 100 μM) as factorial layout based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications and at 2017 in greenhouse conditions at Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman Done.

The triple effect of melatonin and zinc and copper and the double effect of melatonin and zinc on the relative water content of leaves, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, soluble and reduced sugar, anthocyanin and flavonoid were significant at 1% probability level. Membrane stability indices and relative water content of leaves were improved by applying melatonin in the basil plant separately and together with copper and zinc metals. The amount of reducing sugars, chlorophyll, and carotenoids decreased under the influence of zinc and copper toxicity.

melatonin by improving physiological characteristics, especially membrane stability, as well as flavonoid compounds, anthocyanin, and glutathione; It led to the reduction of the negative effects caused by excessive amounts of copper and zinc, especially at a concentration of 50 micromolar of these two metals on growth parameters.

As the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers continues to rise globally, concerns have been raised about their potential impact on human health. Exposure to high energy visible (HEV) blue light, emitted from digital screens, particularly the so-called artificial light at night (ALAN), has been associated with adverse health effects, ranging from disruption of circadian rhythms to cancer. Breast cancer incidence rates are also increasing worldwide.

This study aimed at finding a correlation between breast cancer and exposure to blue light from mobile phone.

In this retrospective matched case-control study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to blue light from mobile phone screens is associated with an increased risk of female breast cancer. We interviewed 301 breast cancer patients (cases) and 294 controls using a standard questionnaire and performed multivariate analysis, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests for data analysis.

Although heavy users in the case group of our study had a statistically significant higher mean 10-year cumulative exposure to digital screens compared to the control group (7089±14985 vs 4052±12515 hours, respectively, P=0.038), our study did not find a strong relationship between exposure to HEV and development of breast cancer. 

Our findings suggest that heavy exposure to HEV blue light emitted from mobile phone screens at night might constitute a risk factor for promoting the development of breast cancer, but further large-scale cohort studies are warranted.

There are few reports evaluating different factors, including the severity of duodenal histopathological findings and serological levels of celiac disease (CD), in increasing the probability of thyroid diseases (TD) in adults and children with CD, so, we designed this research.

CD was defined as Marsh type 2 or higher in duodenal histopathology and serological levels of anti-transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG) equal to or greater than 18 IU/ml. To assess the likelihood of TD in CD patients, logistic regression analysis was employed.

538 patients were included in this study. Of these, 354 (65.8%) were females and 184 (34.2%) were males. 370 (68.8%) patients were children. Overall, 57 (10.6%) patients had TD, of which 49 (9.1%) had hypothyroidism and 8 (1.5%) had hyperthyroidism. Adults had a significantly higher probability of developing TD than children (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.4; P = 0.03). The odds of developing TD were also significantly higher in patients with family marriage in parents (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.7; P = 0.03). Other variables such as gastrointestinal symptoms, anti-tTG levels, and severity of Marsh classification did not exhibit a substantial rise in the likelihood of TD development.

The study findings indicated that the likelihood of developing TD in CD patients can be linked to advancing age and having family marriage in parents, while there was no significant association observed with anti-tTG levels, severity of histological damage, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Colorectal cancer is a significant global health issue, but early diagnosis can greatly increase the chances of successful treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, using a preventive health model.

This cross-sectional study involved 300 individuals over the age of 50 who were referred to the clinics of teaching hospitals in Qom, Iran in 2022. The convenience sampling method was utilized, and data was collected using the Preventive Health Model (PHM) Scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were employed for data analysis.

The mean age of the participants was 57.67±10.68 years, with 48.8% being male. A majority (76.2%) of the participants had no knowledge about early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and only 11% had attended for early diagnosis. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between age (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10), positive family history of cancer (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10), knowledge (OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 7.06), and social influence (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.77) with early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

The findings suggest that knowledge, age, positive family history of cancer, and social influence are important factors in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The findings can be utilized to develop policies and educational programs aimed at promoting early diagnosis behaviors.

Free vibration analysis of a rectangular thick sandwich plate consisting of outer homogeneous layers with saturated nonhomogeneous Functionally Graded Porous (FGP) core has been conducted. Material property in this porous core could vary along the plate thickness according to Biot’s stress theory and other related functions. Solution to this problem was based on Quasi-Three-Dimensional shear deformation theory, which results the governing differential equations and the boundary conditions of the plate model. The boundary conditions in the considered plate model were clamped-simple-simple-clamped supports, whereas in the previous studies generally Navier method is used in which simple supports is assumed for all sides of the plate. In the present study, in order to obtain our proposed numerical solution, the differential quadrature method is applied. Among advantages of this method are being simple and straightforward, having reduced computational effort compared to other numerical methods and being capable of accounting for plates with different boundary conditions. Convergence and validation of the results with respect to the grid points were first presented. The effect of different core properties such as porosity, thickness, Skempton’s coefficient, total plate thickness, and different boundary conditions on FGP sandwich plate frequencies were investigated. Application of the latest theory for free vibration analysis of FGP sandwich plates is another main advantage of the presented method compared to other recent studies.

Health‑care workers (HCWs) are in the frontline for fighting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic and are at higher risk of acquiring the infection. Therefore, the defining immunity status among HCWs helps mitigate the exposure risk. In this study, we investigated the anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and also the associated risk factors in the HCWs working in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences COVID‑19 referral hospitals.

In a cross‑sectional study, demographics, COVID‑19 symptoms during the past 2 weeks, and health‑care details were collected from 200 consenting health workers of COVID‑center‑hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from 23 October to 21 December 2020. The recombinant SARS‑CoV2 nucleocapsid protein enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay‑based IgM, and IgG antibody tests were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square and independent‑t‑student tests, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

One hundred and forty‑one women and 59 men with a mean age of 36.4 ± 7.77 years participated in the study. IgG Ab and IgM Ab were positive in 77 (38.5%) and 12 (6%) of samples, respectively, and both antibodies were detected in 9 (4.5%). Higher ages, direct contact with the patients with COVID‑19, muscle pain, loss of taste and smell, fever, and cough were the factors associated with antibody seropositivity against SARS‑CoV2.

This study demonstrated that the prevalence of HCWs with antibodies against SARS‑CoV‑2 is relatively high in Isfahan University referral hospitals. The development of safety protocols and screening and vaccination strategies in the frontline HCWs must be implemented to reduce the burden of infection.

Nowadays, there is a growing global concern over rapidly increasing screen time (smartphones, tablets, and computers). An accumulating body of evidence indicates that prolonged exposure to short-wavelength visible light (blue component) emitted from digital screens may cause cancer. The application of machine learning (ML) methods has significantly improved the accuracy of predictions in fields such as cancer susceptibility, recurrence, and survival. 

To develop an ML model for predicting the risk of breast cancer in women via several parameters related to exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

In this analytical study, three ML models Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) were used to analyze data collected from 603 cases, including 309 breast cancer cases and 294 gender and age-matched controls. Standard face-to-face interviews were performed using a standard questionnaire for data collection. 

The examined models RF, SVM, and MLPNN performed well for correctly classifying cases with breast cancer and the healthy ones (mean sensitivity> 97.2%, mean specificity >96.4%, and average accuracy >97.1%).  

Machine learning models can be used to effectively predict the risk of breast cancer via the history of exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation (including blue light and screen time issues) parameters. The performance of the developed methods is encouraging; nevertheless, further investigation is required to confirm that machine learning techniques can diagnose breast cancer with relatively high accuracies automatically.

Scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder in which a person's spine bends sideways and rotates along its vertical axis. Cobb-angle (CA) is a common index to evaluate, determine, and track the progression of scoliosis; however, measuring this index manually depends on the operator’s experience and image quality, which may lead to errors, dispersion of obtained values, and variability. This study aimed to resolve this issue by developing an algorithm for measuring CA.

In this analytical study, we developed software using image processing, data modeling, and analytical geometry tools for measuring CA.  A given x-ray image was processed to highlight the spinal cord. Then, the spinal cord curvature was extracted by manually segmenting the spinal cord in the given image and fitting a polynomial function to the data points in the identified region.  Finally, CA was estimated by calculating the angle between the two normal lines that pass through the inflection points of the fitted curve. Thirty X-ray images having CA values obtained by an expert were used to evaluate the accuracy of the developed algorithm.

There is no statistically significant difference between the average CA values measured by the expert (53.95º ± 20.3º) and those estimated using the developed software (56.41º ± 19.95º). There is a significant correlation between the values estimated using the developed algorithm and the reference values, (r=0.93) and (P<10-8).

The obtained results are promising and show that the developed algorithm might be used to measure cobb-angle. Nevertheless, its accuracy and reliability should be further evaluated using a large data set.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the osteoporotic condition and periodontitis in postmenopausal women.

Ninety‑four women aged 50–80 years were studied in this cross‑sectional study. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebra BMD (LBMD), total hip BMD (HBMD), and neck of femur BMD (NBMD) was assessed using standardized dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry (DXA) (normal: T‑score ≥−1, osteopenic: −2.5 ≤ t‑score <−1, osteoporotic: T‑score <−2.5). Bleeding point index (BI), O’Leary plaque index (PI), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Cementoenamel junction, alveolar‑crest distance (CEJ‑AC) was measured from cone‑beam computed tomography images. Periodontitis severity was represented by CAL and CEJ‑AC distance. One‑way analysis of variance followed by Post hoc Tukey was performed for examining differences among the groups for different variables. Pearson correlation coefficient® and backward regression analysis were used to investigate the effect of confounding variables on CEJ‑AC as the dependent variable. Significance was considered at P < 0.05.

Mean CEJ‑AC was significantly higher in the osteoporotic and osteopenic groups compared to the normal group (P = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between CEJ‑AC and NBMD and LBMD (P < 0.001). The associations between LBMD and CEJ‑AC existed even after adjusting for confounding factors (P = 0.002). The differences in BI, PI, and CAL were not statistically different between the groups (P > 0.05).

Although osteoporosis is not the main cause of periodontitis, it can indirectly affect periodontal status by increasing CEJ‑AC. Early diagnosis of osteoporosis followed by early referral to a dentist for the treatment of potential existing periodontal diseases is important to avoid complications among postmenopausal women

International rivers are waterways that cross the border between two or more countries and mark the border of countries, or rivers that cross the territory of several countries along their route. In the current era, the source of many regional conflicts and disputes between governments that share watersheds. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of border rivers on relations between Iran and its eastern and northeastern neighbors in the direction of economic stability and development of border areas and regional convergence. The main question of the article is what effects have border rivers had on the relations between Iran and its eastern and northeastern neighbors in terms of stability and economic development of border areas and regional convergence? The information required for this research has been collected using library and documentary methods. In this way, by studying and reviewing books, articles and scientific research journals, a collection on the subject of this research has been done. Also, the opinions of professors and experts related to political geography have been used in order to increase the weight of the content as much as possible. The results of the article show that the emergence and formation of natural waterways, which are the same as rivers, are affected by various factors; Such as climatic conditions, geology, human and geographical factors. Rivers with common border areas can have a significant impact on relations between the two countries, especially their political and security issues.

Paricalcitol has been proposed for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with renal failure and vitamin D deficiency (VDD); however, VDD is related to a range of clinical complaints. We aimed to investigate the effects of paricalcitol on body composition in VDD rats. Thirty adult male rats aged 10 weeks were randomly divided into three groups of 10, comprising control, VDD, and VDD plus paricalcitol (32 ng/rat intraperitoneal injection) (VDD+P), at the Animal Lab of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz, Iran, in 2020. Body composition was assessed after three weeks via serum biochemical tests and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Finally, the data were analyzed by using the paired-sample t test, the one-way ANOVA, and the Tukey post hoc test. Global lean mass and fat mass were lower in the VDD and VDD+P groups than in the controls (P<0.001). Global fat percentage was reduced significantly in the VDD+P group (P=0.029). Paricalcitol reduced global fat mass and fat percentage in a rat model with VDD. Evaluation of insulin and adiponectin levels is suggested to clarify the physiology of paricalcitol in VDD states.

In this paper, the nonlinear vibration of a rotating blade with varying rotating speeds is investigated. The rotating blade is considered as a rotating cantilever Euler-Bernoulli beam without geometric nonlinearity. The angular velocity is assumed as a constant value which is fluctuated with small amplitude. The nonlinear partial differential equations of the rotating cantilevered beam are derived in three-dimensional using Hamilton's principle. Then, the Galerkin discretization method is applied to the nonlinear partial differential equations to obtain three nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The method of multiple scales is utilized to derive six first-order ordinary differential equations to describe the time variation of amplitudes and phases of interacting modes. The stability and bifurcation of fixed points are obtained by using the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the modulation equations. Numerical results demonstrated that near the primary resonance and internal resonance the fixed points lose the stability through the saddle node bifurcation. Moreover, the transfer energy among the modes and jump in amplitude of modes occur in frequency response at the different cases of internal resonance.

The requests for blood products in elective surgeries exceed actual use, leading to financial wastage and loss of shelf-life. In this study, we assessed the blood transfusion indices in elective surgeries performed in the operating rooms.

In this cross-sectional study, from January to June 2017, a total of 970 adult patients who underwent elective surgeries in the operating rooms of Nemazee hospital, a general referral hospital in southern Iran, were investigated. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), platelets, prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were gathered from medical records. Blood utilization was evaluated using the following indices: cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T ratio), transfusion probability (T%), transfusion index (TI), and Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule (MSBOS).

The overall C/T, T%, and TI ratios were 2.49, 46.6%, and 0.83 for all procedures, and the highest and lowest ratios pertained to the thoracic and cardiac surgeries, respectively. The C/T ratio was ≥2.5 for all surgical procedures except for cardiac surgeries. T% was <30 for thoracic and orthopedics surgeries and ≥30 for other surgical procedures. In all surgical procedures, TI was less than 0.5, except for cardiac surgeries. Also, the MSBOS was about 3 units for cardiac surgeries and ranged from 0.5 to 1 units in other surgeries.

The results of this study showed a high quality blood transfusion practice in cardiac surgeries, possibly due to more focus on this critical ward. Assessing difficulties in the process of reservation, utilization, and preparation of standard protocols and policies are required to improve the blood utilization practice in operating rooms.

Identification, species diversity and abundance of Nemacheilidae were carried out in the rivers of Tehran province from autumn 2018 to autumn 2019 for twelve months. For this purpose, 10 sampling stations were selected. The samples were catching by electroshock, then fixed with alcohol and transferred to laboratory for biometry. The results of this study showed that three species belonging to the Nemacheilidae live in Jajrood, Hablehrood and Lar Rivers in Tehran province. Oxynoemacheilus bergiana with 77.27% highest and Paracobitis iranian with 15% and Oxynoemacheilus angorae with 7.73% lowest species diversity at selected stations. Also in Saeedabad station, the frequency of Oxynoemacheilus bergiana was 77.27% and Paracobitis Iranian was 3.18%. At Khojir station, the frequency of Paracobitis iranian was 3.63%. In Zarrin Dasht and Simin Dasht stations, the frequency of Paracobitis iranian is equal to 4.1%. At Lar dam and Delicha stations, the abundance of Oxynoemacheilus angorae was 5.45% and 2.27%, respectively. Also, the highest density of fish caught in the season belonged to summer, autumn, spring and winter, respectively. The frequency of Oxynoemacheilus bergiana was 34.1% in summer, 20% in autumn, 11.8% in winter and 11.336 in spring. Paracobitis iranian was 8.63% in summer and 6.37% in spring. Oxynoemacheilus angorae was 5.45% in summer and 2.28% in autumn.

Nocardiosis is an uncommon infection caused by Nocardia species, a group of aerobic actinomycetes. Nocardiosis may affect immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients and as this case was affected by a rare disorder, we describe it in this study. This paper describes a case of nocardial mycetoma from a hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The case was a 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, who was admitted to our institution with a 5-year history of right lower extremity swelling with multiple discharging sinuses localized in distal part of the leg and dorsum of the foot following a penetrating injury to the affected foot. The wound culture yielded the growth of Nocardia species after incubation. Nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions, especially if patients have a history of trauma or contact with soil-contaminated materials. Our reported case increases knowledge about this rare, sporadic infection in our country.

The growth and development of every society and its parts is owed to planning, examining existing problems and challenges, and providing solutions to meet the new needs that created by economic, social, and technological changes.  Meanwhile, educational systems, especially higher education, in order to maintain survival and achieve their goals quickly and easily, need to review the current situation and identify potential challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the most important challenges in the field of geography education at Farhangian University. The research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done by survey method. The research population consisted of faculty members / teachers and students of Farhangian University in Tehran and Alborz provinces, which were examined in two stages: judgment and as a whole. The research tool was a researcher-made interview and a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by formal validity method and Cronbach's alpha calculation. The research results showed the challenges in the field of geography education in four dimensions: educational, research, cultural and extracurricular, and structural-administrative dimension and the ranking of challenges from the point of view of faculty members / teachers and students showed that structural-administrative, educational, research, and cultural and extracurricular challenges were the most important challenges in the point of view of students, and from the point of view of faculty members/ teachers, the challenges of structural-administrative, research, educational, and cultural dimensions and extracurricular activities were the most important challenges in geography education, respectively.

The main purpose of this article is to study Rumi’s thoughts regarding death and its effect and relationship with the original life. To achieve this end, the descriptive-analytical method has been used. Accordingly, Rumi’s concern is to describe the separation from the origin and to be lost in the borrowed world and to live in an original life in the shadow of death-awareness. Thinking about death in Rumi’s system of thought is deeply connected with his three principles of thought, namely, God, the universe, and the man, as well as other basic concepts such as life, love, and originality. The teaching of returning to the original and finding the original human is evident throughout Mawlana’s works. According to him, death is one of the most important issues in making life original. In this regard, by expressing the types of death, he divides it into two types of compulsory and voluntary, and by explaining voluntary death as the original death, he seeks to achieve happiness in life. He believes that due to meditation on death, the man can be saved from material existence by going beyond the realm of natural death and attain originality by purifying the soul. For him, the memory of death and thinking about it is essential in connection with the original life. Rumi considers the wisdom of death-awareness to be the separation of original and unoriginal humans and believes that the common perception of the phenomenon of death needs to be corrected. Because only the original view of death can save the essence of life from the shell of the body and be the fundamental principle in returning to the original. Returning to the original throughout Masnavi, odes of Shams, and other works of Rumi is the most obvious theme of his thinking. Originality in his thought is realized by the love of God and belief in eternity. For this reason, Rumi depicts the wisdom of death in returning everything to its originality, but what prevents this return to the original one in his view is nothing but the great calamity of originality, which is improper imitation. Although Rumi considers imitation to be one of the necessities and preconditions of the worldly life, the indiscriminate imitation of people is the most fundamental plague of originality in his view. Rumi considers human reliance on his views and thoughts as a cause of the original life. He believes the original human being becomes original in life in form and meaning due to connecting with God and loving Him. Therefore, in his view, the man, relying on God, can break all the internal and external unoriginal idols. The man takes a fundamental and original transformation by adopting an enthusiastic approach to death and by accepting it. The original man, unlike the unrighteous man who always has a careless and superficial confrontation with death, has a courageous and life-giving confrontation with death due to death- awareness. Thus, Rumi’s original man is a seeker of death and wants death, and death is a rebirth for him. It is a birth from an unoriginal life to an original life that is accompanied by new joys and sufferings. Since originality in Rumi’s view is related to eternity, and God, love, and non-existence are the three sides of the original life, so he never fears death and finds it the basis of life. Thus, in Rumi’s view, originality in life is realized in a two-way relationship with mortality. This realization is done in such a way that God has knitted the warp and woof of originality in the workshop of love and non-existence. Besides, with the death of lovers, he gives them eternal life. On the other hand, escaping death in Rumi’s view causes distress and regret, as well as falling into the trap of unrealistic life. Ignorance of death will replete the man with trifle details of life and makes him suffer from pain and borrowed treatments. Rumi believes that human life does not rely on anything but death, and that is why death in his view is the asylum of the dead and the safe coast of existence. Hence, death-awareness is the cynosure of originality in life, and the original life is in a two-way relationship with death so that looking at life with the glasses of death gives it originality, and neglecting it leads to the unoriginal life. The original life in Rumi’s high sagacity cannot be achieved except by cultivating in the farm of death-awareness. Therefore, in the present study, first, the types of death, thinking about it, originality in Rumi’s idea, and the pests and obstacles of living original, as well as human characteristics and original life have been discussed. Then, the authors show how Rumi goes through the path of original life with life-giving encounters and without fear of death. In the course of these discussions, considering that death and life are intertwined with the love of God and that death is chosen as the safe shore of the universe, we have argued that the original life is only in a two-way relationship with death. Finally, death-awareness is considered as the most basic aspect of original life.

Geographical variables have always played a strategic role in the economic development and regional and international authority of the ancient empires as well as in the modern nation-state. Roads, resources, influx and defense, production, birth and population growth, territorial depth, climate, boundaries, topography and territorial form are among the geographical variables influencing the economic development and regional and international authority of countries. .Iran's economic development and regional authority also largely depend on the role of geographical variables and capabilities. In this regard, the two most important areas are the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. The main question of this paper is: what is the position of Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf in Iran's regional and international economic development and authority? The hypothesis we are trying to answer to this key question is that the intra-data path and data output of Iran's regional development and authority system are geographic variables, especially in the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analytical. The results show that Iran's most important strength for regional development and authority is the existence of two regions of the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf, but on the other hand, transnational flows with threats, sanctions and pressures limit the benefits. Iranian vectors from these two regions are thrilled.

In sociology, art is regarded as a social phenomenon and a qualitative affair; it is considered as a historical construct which is intertwined with other aspects of human social life. During the course of history, art and works of art have always had a superior value in every society. Examination into art has been substantially important to researchers as well. Given the industrialization of societies, emergence of modernity and empowerment of capitalists systems in the world, focus on the market, commodification, and monetary exchanges between societies, the field of arts has also witnessed a number of vast changes. As cultural actors and artistic narrators, music educators are responsible for training the future generation and transferring their art to impending eras; to realize their thoughts and ideas, these artists would put forms, shapes, and various principles into test. Subsequently, conventions and aesthetic principles are born out of these experiences, explorations of form, and the use of different materials. The history of arts demonstrate the experiences of such artist. Accordingly, the present study seeks to offer theorization regarding the grounds for the emergence of the commodification of arts and the perceived implications of such commodification by art masters in Azerbaijan Sharghi using the phenomenology approach while following an inductive reasoning.

There is no predetermined theoretical framework in this study. However, sensitive theoretical concepts of the study are majorly influenced by theories surrounding phenomenology. A review of the background of the study shows that the majority of studies on musical arts have employed a quantitative approach. This variable-centered, mechanical method attempts to explain the causes and social implications using predetermined theoretical approaches, comparative-hypothetical arguments, elitist attitude, environment-centeredness and the adoption of ethical approaches. Musical consumption has been the subject of studies conducted on this field; it is ultimately believed that the consumption of cultural and artistic commodities are of substantial significance due to their higher universality and accessibility. Foreign studies have addressed the role and function of music in the everyday lives and outlooks of individuals towards music. Certain research activities have explored the impact of music on the behavior of individuals as well as the effects of musical genres on their lives. Meanwhile, other inquiries have focused on the identification of individuals and the emotional influence of different types of music on the youth. 

The present inquiry is an in-depth study conducted using the qualitative method; it is an applied study in which the phenomenology technique was employed. The unit of analysis in this study is individuals with whom interviews were conducted so as to gain an understanding of the individual’s perception and assessment of a particular subject. The population of the study included music maestros from Azerbaijan Sharghi. Participants included Iranian, Azerbaijani, and Western Classical music maestros who own credible music teaching institutions in Tabriz and other towns of Azerbaijan Sharghi or teach in those institutes in the summer of 2016. Considering the important purposes of the study, sampling was done among those who had spent the majority of their lives on music. Samples were selected using purposive and the snowball sampling. Given the theoretical saturation of the examined questions, interviews were conducted with 10 individuals.

The results of the study included three separate sections in terms of topic: In the first section, the contextual categories of the commodification of music were addressed. In the second section, the implication of this commodification were categorized. In the final section, the adaptability and the approaches adopted by maestros against the commodification of music were discussed.The results of the first section showed that underlying contexts of commodification in the field of music depend on the following categories: a) politicization and universality of art; b) absence of specialization and content removal; c) the clash between traditional and modern values; and d) arts as a means for exploitative marketing.The results of the second section demonstrated the implications of commodification of music which were categorized under the two following notions: Reduced perception of art in the audience and arts serving social objectives instead of the society.The results of the third sections presented the behavioral mechanisms of maestros with respect to the examined phenomenon and was addressed in two concepts including critical behaviors and conservative, essentialist behaviors in art.

Given the results of the study and its categorizations, two types of music that stand against each other were obtained. The first type is popular music which involves a reduced semantic load and musical levels and can be understood by the majority. The second type are content-centered and creative with high artistic values. Experts believe that the music of the first type is within the struggle of the market and commodification, and state the fact that the distribution of this type restricts the environment for the release of the second type. According to the findings, political platforms are also in line with such a movement in art and facilitate the commodification of music.Considering the results of the study, it appears that attention should be paid to political, cultural, and educational strategies to reduce cultural damages caused by the commodification of music. The government’s focus and supervision on the contents of distributed music within national media, prioritizing the identification of musical genres, and enhancing the public’s understanding of content-centered and technical music would decrease such a cultural recession. Paying attention to the individual contexts of artists for the allocation of strategies is of importance as well. To this end, there is a need for more strategies to support actors who have spent the majority of their lifetime in the music industry and have formulated incredible ideas in this area; the expansion and promotion of the works of these artist can transcend the artistic field and limit the prevalence of any form of vulgarity.

Breast cancer is the second cause of death among women. Ultrasound (US) imaging is the most common technique for diagnosing breast cancer; however, detecting breast lesions in US images is a difficult task, mainly, because it provides low-quality images. Consequently, identifying lesions in US images is still a challenging task and an open problem in US image processing. This study aims to develop an automated system for the identification of lesions in US images

We proposed an automatic method to assist radiologists in inspecting and analyzing US images in breast screening and diagnosing breast cancer. In contrast to previous research, this work focuses on fusing information extracted from different frames. The developed method consists of template matching, morphological features extraction, local binary patterns, fuzzy C-means clustering, region growing, and information fusion-based image segmentation technique. The performance of the system was evaluated using a database composed of 22 US videos where 10 breast US films were obtained from patients with breast lesions and 12 videos belonged to normal cases.

The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the system in detecting frames with breast lesions were 95.7%, 97.1%, and 97.1%, respectively. The algorithm reduced the vibration of the physician’s hands’ while probing by assessing every 10 frames regardless of the results of the prior frame; hence, lowering the possibility of missing a lesion during an examination.

The presented system outperforms several existing methods in correctly detecting breast lesions in a breast cancer screening test. Fusing information that exists in frames of a breast US film can help improve the identification of lesions (suspect regions) in a screening test.

Preventing brittle fracture in the connection welds of the steel members is one of the most important issues in the performance of steel structures. Bitter experiences of Northridge earthquake in the case of “demand critical” welds such as complete-joint-penetration (CJP) groove welds in the connections of steel moment frames forced researchers to conclude that for preventing decrease in ductility and preventing brittle fracture of welds, it should be that impact toughness of welds must be provided at the determined temperature. Seismic Requirements of AISC and following of it the 10th topic of Iranian national building Requirements for the mentioned welding recommends Charpy-v-notch toughness at the determined Test temperature . In this research , to ensure impact toughness of preformed welds in the common conditions of Iran, the Charpy Test in the specimens of multiple thicknesses and common electrodes has been done with Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) and the conclusions of them compared with the 10th topic requirements. It has been shown that impact toughness of groove weld in SMAW process with E6013 electrode and groove weld in SAW process doesn’t matched with requirements of present Codes, but for other electrodes there was no contradiction.

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disease and its late diagnosis leads todangerous complications and even death. One of the serious complications of this diseaseis diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness in the developed countries. Becauseof slowly progressive nature and lack of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, it isessential to predict the probability of developing diabetic retinopathy promptly to implement the appropriate therapy.

 Our dataset contains 29 extracted features from 310 patients with types 2 diabetic disease, 155 patients of whom sufferred from diabetic retinopathy. The patients were selected randomly from Motahari clinic in Shiraz, Iran between 2013 and 2014. First, the genetic algorithm, (GA) as a feature selection process, was implemented to select the most informative features (high-risk factors) for prediction of diabetic retinopathy. Then, three well-known classifiers including k-nearest neighbors (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree (DT) were applied to the optimized dataset for classification of the two mentioned groups.

Our finding showed that GA selected 13 factors for better prediction of diabeticretinopathy; these factors were the duration of the disease, history of stroke, family history, cardiac diseases, diabetic neuropathy, LDL, HDL, blood pressure, urine albumin, 2HPPG, HbA1c, FBS, and age. Given the selected risk factors, the classification accuracy was obtained 69.35%, 81.29% and 96.13% by SVM, DT, and kNN, respectively. Our results showed that kNN had the highest accuracy in the prediction of diabetic retinopathy compared to SVM and DT, and the difference between kNN and the other algorithms was statistically significant.

 The proposed approach was compared and contrasted with recently reportedmethods, and it was shown that a considerably enhanced performance was achieved. Thisresearch may aid healthcare professionals to determine and individualize the required eyescreening interval for a given patient.

Silver sulfadiazine cream is used extensively for burns, nonetheless, several adverse reactions and side effects are presented in multiple cases. The aim of this study was to compare the healing effect of nano silver-aloe vera composition and silver sulfadiazine on burns in experimental rat models.

The experimental studywas performed on15male Sprague-Dawley rats to compare the burn treatmentwith nano silveraloe vera combination and silver sulfadiazine in the animal laboratory.

Two deep second degree burns on both sides of the abdomen were created. One side was covered by cream and the other by 1% silver sulfadiazine. Response to treatment was assessed by digital photography on day 28. Histological parameters, such as angiogenesis, fibrosis, epithelialization, and inflammatory reactions, were evaluated.

The average burn size in the nano silver aloe vera group was significantly lower compared to the average burn size of the silver sulfadiazine group (P < 0.05). Upon pathologic assessment, the re-epithelialization of the epidermis on the fourteenth day in the nano silver group was significantly higher. In addition, this difference in terms of fibrosis and angiogenesis was observed on the fourteenth day and it was higher in the nano silver group (P < 0.05).

The use of nano silver compounds in combination with aloe vera compared to silver sulfadiazine cream can expedite re-epithelialization and wound healing in rats.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer amongst women worldwide. Considering its high incidence, effective detection and prognosis of this type of cancer may have a significant effect on reducing expenditures. In this study, we propose a model to predict the 60-month survivability in patients with breast cancer and investigate the effects of each feature on the obtained model.
We base this model on the information gathered by the Breast Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran from 5673 patients with breast cancer. The goal of this study was to predict breast cancer survivability at early diagnosis, so the features used in the research are among those considered affordable, specifically at the initial steps of diagnosis. After preprocessing all of the cases and features, we constructed this model based on 1930 cases and 16 of their associated features using logistic regression method. The model then was evaluated with 10-fold cross validation.
Based on all subsets of the 16 features, we evaluated numerous models. We selected a model that achieved the best sensitivity and specificity, and used fewer features as the best model. We considered this model for further analysis, which is consisted of following features: age at the time of diagnosis, type of invasion, HER2, size of the tumor, in situ component, lymph node involvement ratio, progesterone receptor status, and the total number of dissected lymph nodes. The best model obtained overall accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of 72.49%, 72.83%, and 71.85%, respectively.
The performance of model is quite satisfactory due to the fact that we only used features, which could be obtained at the initial steps of diagnosis. Even though, the effect of patient’s age is controversial, we concluded that ageing would decrease the 60-month survivability. Our model indicated that having all type of invasions (i.e. vascular, lymphatic, etc.) would result in poorer chance of survival compared to other features effect.

Folklore is considered as one of the indispensible features of Payandeh's stories. Folklore in his stories included the use of popular beliefs in social, religious, superstitious and medical fields. Local dialects and lexicon are used frequently, Current proverbs among communities is one of the symbols folkloric literature which abound in the works of Payandeh. Due to the fact that Payandeh deals with different classes of people in his prose works, his stories contain literary, media and local features and rarely do others works contain all these together. The characters in his stories from intellectuals to peasants, feature their own linguistic features. The fact juxtaposes dialectic and aesthetic features with each other. His prose style alternates as the speakers change. Therefore, we expose to a realistic linguistic atmosphere when common people speak. On the other hand, when the intellectual class speaks, the language becomes pompous, formal and pretentious. Two important reasons lead to this impressionability of Payandeh's stories from pop culture:1. Writer's hometown
2. The environment where these stories have taken place.
The local customs and beliefs applied in his stories are divided into three categories:1. Social customs and beliefs including those concerning pilgrimage, burials, marriage, inheritance and so on. Metaphysical issues such as jinn, cosmology, charm, chance and fate are also referred to.
2. Religious customs and beliefs: Writer's hometown is known as Dar al-Momenin and abounds with pure religious beliefs which have manifested themselves in his works. Beliefs such as prohibition of drinking and usury are rooted in the beliefs of his community.
3. Superstitious beliefs: Superstitions are popular beliefs which are severely criticized in Payandeh's stories with a comic tone. Among these superstitions are those related to eclipse, looking into mirror and bad omen.
4. Medical beliefs: Ancient's beliefs in metaphysical power and their ability for curing diseases are frequently referred to in his stories. They include popular beliefs in charm, magic, mystery and traditional remedies.
5. Proverbs and ironies: Proverbs in Payandeh's stories are visible in high frequency and they are also sometimes altered comically. Irony, in the same vein, is applied every now and then in his stories. His stories are sometimes replete with the use of irony. According to Nasrehesfahani, the most conspicuously used figure of speech which is rooted in popular beliefs is irony. After simile, he believes irony is the most effective means of giving his stories the required sense of imagination.
6. Slang Language: Various elements of slang language are obvious in his stories which make them as close as possible to pop culture.
Recently a new books is compiled through the scattered notes left by Payandeh which is entitled Ghadamgahe Shahrake Noon.