aliakbar mohammadi

Studying the mutual relationship between literature and cinema and the emergence of the characteristics of each of these two arts in the other has been the focus of interest of many researchers in these two categories. Examining the cinematic potential of literary works has been the focus of scholars for nearly a decade. Authors of literary works, by knowing cinematic elements and using them in their works, make their works dynamic, and filmmakers, by adapting these successful literary works, find enduring themes and present them to their audiences. Most film adaptations are based on novels. Youssef Zidane is one of the authors whose visual abilities are evident in his novels dedicated to cinema. In this research, an attempt was made to analyze the text of the story of the sheikh in prison using the descriptive analytical approach and the comprehensive approach. Our goal in this research is to analyze the structure and content of the aforementioned novel and show aspects of its quotation from different angles. The results of the aforementioned research indicate that this novel has great potential for cinematic adaptation and screenwriting due to its cinematic structure, its accuracy in describing details, its directing and dramatic dialogues, and its ability to be serialized.

This research was conducted to investigate the impact of participatory management on employee performance. The research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-correlational method for data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of 66 employees of the Student Welfare Fund of the Ministry of Health. Using the Morgan table, the sample size was calculated to be 65 individuals. Data collection tools included two standard questionnaires: Feizi's Participatory Management Questionnaire and Begman's Employee Performance Questionnaire, along with data from the database of the Student Welfare Fund of the Ministry of Health. The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed through content validity by experts. Additionally, the reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding a reliability of 0.91 for participatory management and 0.93 for employee performance.

Flexor tendon injuries are common and require surgery. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a natural graft used to repair tissues, though infections represent the primary cause of its therapeutic failure. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were coated on the ADM in order to add antibacterial potential as well as enhance healing properties. Also, the produced ADM/ZnO-NPs graft was applied to accelerate fifth zone flexor tendon repair following the reconstructive surgery.

Morphological, mechanical, cell viability, and antibacterial tests were performed to evaluate the physical and biological properties of the fabricated ADM/ ZnO-NPs graft. For clinical evaluations, 20 patients with a flexor tendon injury in zone 5 were randomly divided into control and treatment with ADM/ZnO-NPs groups (n=10 each). The control group had routine reconstructive surgery, while the other group received the ADM/ZnO- NPs graft during their surgery. Postoperative functional outcomes were evaluated 4, 6, and 8 weeks following the tendon repair surgery according to the Buck-Gramcko II criteria.

The ADM/ZnO-NPs had natural derm specifications as well as dense and integrated morphology with intermediate antibacterial properties. According to the Buck- Gramcko II criteria, the postoperative functional outcome scores were significantly higher in the ADM/ZnONPs group in comparison with the control group at 4 (P<0.01), 6 (P<0.01), and 8 (P<0.001) weeks after the surgery.

The present findings revealed that the ADM/ZnO-NPs graft can accelerate the healing of the damaged tendon without common post-operative functional complications and adhesions following the tendon repair surgery. However, more comprehensive clinical trials are still needed.

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a nanofibrous scaffold including polycaprolactone (PCL), chitosan (CHT), and bentonite nanoparticles (Ben-NPS) on wound healing in order to introduce a novel dressing for burn wounds. 

PCL, PCL/CHT, and PCL/CHT/Ben-NPS nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated by the electrospinning technique. Their structural and physiochemical characteristics were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength, water contact angle, as well as, swelling and degradation profiles test. The disc diffusion assay was carried out to investigate the antibacterial potential of the scaffolds. In addition, the cell viability and proliferation ability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) on the scaffolds were assessed using MTT assay as well as SEM imaging. The wound-healing property of the nanofibrous scaffolds was evaluated by histopathological investigations during 3,7, and 14 days in a rat model of burn wounds. 

SEM showed that all scaffolds had three-dimensional, beadles-integrated structures. Adding Ben-NPS into the PCL/CHT polymeric composite significantly enhanced the mechanical, swelling, and antibacterial properties. HDFs had the most cell viability and proliferation values on the PCL/CHT/Ben-NPS scaffold. Histopathological evaluation in the rat model revealed that dressing animal wounds with the PCL/CHT/Ben-NPS scaffold promotes wound healing. 

The PCL/CHT/Ben-NPS scaffold has promising regenerative properties for accelerating skin wound healing.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic that particularly affects immunocompromised individuals, leading to secondary bacterial and fungal infections. Mucormycosis, caused by Mucorales fungi, is a severe infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a surge in mucormycosis cases worldwide, with India experiencing a significant increase. Various factors, including diabetes mellitus, contribute to the risk of mucormycosis. This study investigated head and neck mucormycosis in patients with prior COVID-19 infection.

Data from 45 patients were analyzed, with diabetes being the most common risk factor. Visual symptoms, ethmoid bone involvement, and orbital bone involvement were also identified as significant factors.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in mucormycosis cases, particularly in the head and neck region, with high mortality. Successful management involves addressing underlying factors, surgical debridement, and antifungal therapy.

Timely debridement reduces morbidity and mortality.

Due to lack of attention to the required time of emulating the absorbed doses of drugs from different organs, inappropriate use of antibiotics for disease treatment in animals causes many adverse health effects in consumers. In this study, the antibiotic residues in raw and pasteurized milk were evaluated in Neyshabour city.

Raw and pasteurized milk samples were collected from eight farms and milk collection units and four pasteurized milk production factories in Neyshabour city during the warm and cold seasons. 56 samples of raw milk and 24 samples of pasteurized milk were analyzed using the Copan milk test, Tri-Sensor kit and ELISA detection methods to evaluate presence of the antibiotic residue.

Copan milk test and Tri-Sensor kit did not detect the antibiotic residue. ELISA kit was able to detect the presence of gentamicin and streptomycin in milk. 25% of the samples contained gentamicin, while 10% of the samples contained streptomycin. The amount of antibiotic residue in the warm season was higher than cold season. 58.3% of pasteurized milk samples in the warm season had gentamicin.

Based on our results, extensive and accurate monitoring of antibiotics in raw and pasteurized milk needs to be performed in the city, especially in warm seasons.

Recently, the application of nanofibrous mats for dressing skin wounds has received great attention. In this study, we aimed to fabricate and characterize an electrospun nanofibrous mat containing polycaprolactone (PCL), chitosan (CTS), and propolis for use as a tissue-engineered skin substitute.

Raw propolis was extracted, and its phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured. The physiochemical and biological properties of the fabricated mats, including PCL, PCL/CTS, and PCL/CTS/Propolis were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), mechanical analysis, swelling and degradation behaviors, contact angle measurement, cell attachment, DAPI staining, and MTT assay. On the other hand, the drug release pattern of propolis from the PCL/CTS/Propolis scaffold was determined. A deep seconddegree burn wound model was induced in rats to investigate wound healing using macroscopical and histopathological evaluations.

The results revealed that the propolis extract contained high amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The fabricated scaffold had suitable physicochemical and mechanical properties. Uniform, bead-free, and well-branched fibers were observed in SEM images of mats. AFM analysis indicated that the addition of CTS and propolis to PCL elevated the surface roughness. MTT results revealed that the electrospun PCL/CTS/Propolis mat was biocompatible. The presence of fibroblast cells on the PCL/CTS/Propolis mats was confirmed by DAPI staining and SEM images. Also, propolis was sustainably released from the PCL/CTS/Propolis mat. The animal study revealed that addition of propolis significantly improved wound healing.

The nanofibrous PCL/CTS/Propolis mat can be applied as a tissue-engineered skin substitute for healing cutaneous wounds, such as burn wounds.

Breast hypertrophy is a significant health problem with both physiological and psychological impacts on the patients’ lives. Patients with macromastia adopt a corrective posture due to the effect of the breast on the center of gravity and possibly in a subconscious effort to conceal their breasts.  This study aimed to evaluate whether the posture of patients with macromastia changed after the reduction of mammoplasty. In this prospective study, patients with breast cup sizes C, D, and DD were scheduled for reduction mammoplasty in 3 Shiraz University Hospitals. Age, weight, height, and preoperative cup sizes of the breasts were recorded for every patient, and all patients underwent posture analysis with forceplate before and after reduction mammoplasty. Finally, the preoperative and postoperative data were compared.  Mean age at the time of reduction mammaplasty was 43.57±9.1; the mean pre-operation, such as weight, height, and mean the body mass index (BMI) was 76.57±10 kg, 158.28±6 cm and 30.57±4.1, respectively. The average Anterior-posterior (AP) direction velocity before and after the surgery was 0.85±0.12 cm/s and 0.79±0.098, respectively. These values were 0.83±0.09 and 0.81±0.10 for the mediolateral direction. The Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) value for the AP direction was 1.63±0.3 and 1.60±0.2 for pre-and post-surgery, respectively, which was not statistically different. The DFA value for maximum likelihood (ML) direction was 1.65±0.2 and 1.48±0.2 in pre-op and post-op, respectively, which was statistically significantly different.   Reducing the weight of enlarged breasts can correct disturbed sagittal balance and postural sway.

Burn wounds rank among the most serious healthcare issues. Many studies reported the effectiveness of natural products in the wound-healing process. The present study compared the effects of a standardized herbal formulation derived from Boswellia carteri (B. carteri) and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) cream 1% on the healing of burn wounds. This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted at Shiraz Burn Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) between July 2012 to August 2013. A sterilized formulation comprising B. carteri 40% was prepared. 54 second-degree burn patients of both sexes with age ranges of 20 to 60 were invited to participate in this double-blind, randomized clinical trial. They were randomly divided into two groups and given either the Boswellia formulation or SSD cream. The healing index was determined based on the wound area assessment using the planimetry technique. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the primary outcome, which was the amount of time until complete healing. The trial was completed by 17 patients from the SSD group and 15 patients from the Boswellia group. During the study period, both groups showed a progressive healing trend. The mean (95% CI) healing time in the SSD group was 10.94 (9.03-12.85) days and 10.73 (9.23-12.23) days in the Boswellia group (P=0.71), indicating no significant difference. On the 17th day, the healing index of all patients in the Boswellia group reached 1. Boswellia topical formulation had a burn wound healing effect comparable to that of the standard SSD 1% treatment. Based on the findings of this study, the likelihood of contact dermatitis with Boswellia should be taken into consideration.

The COVID-19 pandemic has induced some negative environmental issues, especially in the waste management sector. In developing countries, handling waste is carried out by two groups: waste workers and waste pickers who are exposed to possible hazards of infected waste. In the present narrative review, we searched for high-quality English publications in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. The COVID-19 pandemic led to several problems in waste management systems, especially in developing countries. Due to poor management systems, waste workers and pickers are likely exposed to health risks related to unhealthy waste handling. The support of governments is urgently required to properly inform ordinary people about the correct ways of disposing of PPE and also train sanitation workers and waste pickers to reduce the hazardous possibilities. Additionally, financial support can also act as a suppressive agent to reduce the number of waste pickers.

Stream of consciousness is considered to be a special kind of story telling in which the reader participates in the characters’ mental experience, while the writer contributes none. Jokha Alharthi and Nasim Marashi, in “Sydat alqamar” and “Paeez Fasle Akhare Sal Ast”, respectively, tried to target at weman’s concerns and problems in their societies, through the implementation of the technics provided by the stream of consciousness method. In this study, we aim to evaluate the application of this method and its level of success, in these two stories, via an analytic-descriptive method. We found that Alharthi has been more successful in such an implementation to reflect the characters’ mindsets. More spesifically, she applied the inner monologue technic through making use of the omniscient narrator capacity, in a more admirable way. She has provided ambiguities via the application of free association, frequent space-time jumps and changing the narrator’s point of view. Furthermore, her poetic language makes the story even more ambiguous. By contrast, Marashi has been less poetic in her language owing to the adoption of simple writing attitude. She takes the advantage of soliloquy to account for the feminine feelings, in comparison with Alharthi who has adopted such a method for more precious purposes to be fulfilled, such as weman’s right in traditional societies.

In this study, some granulated and pressable formulations based on coating of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) explosives with high impact polystyrene polymer (HIPS), Viton fluoroelestomer and paraffin wax were developed. Thereafter, mechanical strength of pressed formulations and transition temperature of binders were evaluated using uniaxial compressive strength test and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) method, respectively. Also, the effect of PETN particle size distribution on compressibility, mechanical strength, density and particle size of pressed samples based on HIPS binder were statistically studied and optimized using mixture design of experiments by Minitab software. In the optimized experimental conditions, the compressive strength and elastic modulus for PETN/HIPS mixture at ambient temperature and at the concentration of 4.0 wt.% of the binder, were 15.0 and 91.1 MPa, which is better than formulations based on expensive Viton polymer and paraffine wax. By using HIPS binder, increasing the amount of PETN particle size <150 μm, mechanical strength of pressed samples decrease, and also particle size distribution in the range of 150-300 μm , leads to production of better formulations.

The poignant, biting, and satirical poems and posture of Mohammad al-Sagheer Awlad Ahmad (1955-2016) have always been controversial and influential in the major events of contemporary history and social and political upheavals of Tunisia. During Jasmine Revolution of 2010, Awlad Ahmad, became increasingly eminent as the poet or the poetic spokesman of Revolution and was immortalized beside Shabbi. This Article tries to represent some features of resistance poetry in the poems and posture of Awlad Ahmad employing a descriptive and analytical method. The result of the discussion reveals that the religious and national beliefs of Awlad Ahmad helped him, while praising resistance against oppression, to condemn inaction and passivity that consequently lead to material and spiritual poverty of the society. Supporting Liberation Movements and Palestine Resistance, the combination of home-mother concept, paying attention to the homeless and deprived people of the society, praising the stature and dignity of the nation's martyrs are the most frequent notions presented by the poet. Prohibition of public offices and services, imprisonment, prohibition against publishing the works, and even Takfir were among the consequences of this struggle, but he was never disappointed and inculcated such a spirit to the audience and people of Tunisia.

To achieving favorable outcomes in breeding programs, parental selection based on General combining ability (GCA) and Specific combining ability (SCA) is important. In order to investigate the genetically characteristics and general combining ability and specific combining ability and disease-resistant genes action against take-all in bread wheat, 6 wheat genotypes (729, 1622, 2109, 1528, 1546, 1526) were crossed in One-way diallelcross. Seeds of crosses (F1s) and parents were planted in the research greenhouse of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan. the take-all disease tolerance, stem dry weight, root dry weight, tiller number and Mn, Zn, k and Fe concentrations Were measured. Griffing analysis showed that general combining and specific combining ability were significant for all traits except for tiller number and iron element. The best general combiner in viewpoint of take-all resistance were 1622 and 729. The best hybrids in viewpoint of disease resistant were 2109×1546, 546×1528 and 1622×1526 that has the highest specific combining ability. Evaluation of genetic parameters by Hayman method for disease index and disease score confirmed the results of griffing analysis and showed that the dominance and over dominance of gene’s actions have the greatest importance in genetic control of the resistance to take-all disease (T-41 isolation). Finally, due to low specific heritability and low genetic ratio in resistance to take-all disease, it can be said that this trait do not respond well in early generations so selection after purity can be effective and can be done by bulk, single-seed descent and double haploid methods in wheat breeding.

To investigate the prevalence of chemical burns among the patients admitted to Shiraz burn treatment centers.

It is a descriptive study that was conducted on 62 patients with chemical burns who were admitted between 2008 and 2018. The patients’ records were used in the research using the census sampling process. A questionnaire with questions about age, sex, the extent of the burn, the cause of the burn, duration of hospital stay, level of education, incident location, and clinical outcome was used to collect data (survival-death). The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods.

The prevalence of chemical burns was 1% during 2008-2018. Acid and alkali burns were accounted for 93.5% and 6.5% of burns, respectively. 77.4% of patients were male, and 22.6% were female. The mean age of patients was 27 years. The average burn percentage was 16%. 70.6% of patients were illiterate or had primary education. Burns occurred at the workplace and home in 12.9% and 66.1% of cases, respectively. Moreover, Burns occurred due to accident (61%), acid attack (29%), and self-immolation (10%). The average length of hospital stay was 20 days. One patient (1.6%) died from burns.

The study’s findings revealed that chemical burns were more common in men than women, and the majority of chemical burns occurred at home. To minimize the occurrence of chemical burns and acid attacks, teaching methods of preventing burns is important at home and work, as well as restricting nonspecialists’ access to chemicals.

One Thousand and One Nights is of great significance among many different nations in a way that many works in various genres have been inspired by it.  Each of these works has artistically recreated the structure and content of the original story based on the author's views towards life and psychosocial needs. The present paper is a descriptive analytical research and offers a comparative study of the play Shahrzad by Tawfiq al-Hakim (1898-1987) and the screenplay Shahrzad (the Woman of One Thousand and One Nights) by Tahmineh Milani (1960-) based on Erich Fromm's (1900-1980) theory of personality. The findings indicate that according to Fromm's theory of character, character orientations in both works are mostly of Receptive type, even though Shahrzad has both Receptive and Marketing orientations, the Receptive orientation dominates the Marketing one. Tawfiq al-Hakim's play has a philosophical and ontological viewpoint and searches for the discovery of truth by combining pure wisdom and insight (heart) and, in this respect, is different from Milani's narrative. However, both these works have similarities in their subject matters, themes and their central characters. The king's journey is fundamentally different in these works, in a way that Shahriar's journey in Tawfiq al-Hakim's play is philosophical -mystical in nature, while in Milani's screenplay it is a literal, ordinary trip.

Comprehensive quality management is one of the new ideas on service delivery quality in the private sector. It has been considered a role model in the public sector and aims to improve services' quality and attract the owners' satisfaction. However, given the difference, such as service delivery in the public and private sectors, the private sector's principles are not effective in the public sector. According to the theorists, the relevant rules and regulations should be proportional to the public sector. Considering the lack of a comprehensive source for extraction of these principles, one of the essential resources for extraction that is proportional to the Islamic system is Nahjal al-Balaghah. Although the theory mentioned above does not exist in Nahjal al-Balaghah, many principles are available to improve public service delivery quality. These principles are grouped into three sections: macro principles, qualitative principles of staff employment, and qualitative principles of employee performance. In this article, the authors have used descriptive and library approaches. In addition to explaining the comprehensive quality management, they have extracted proportional rules and regulations from Nahjal al-Balaghah and compared them with the country's general employment law to find the rules for improving its services quality.

This study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of burn and lethal area of fifty percentage (LA50) in children in Shiraz, Southern Iran.

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 619 hospitalized burn children from burn centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran from 2012 to 2016 were enrolled. Demographic characteristics of pa-tients such as age, gender, place and cause of burn, and morality rate were evaluated. LA50 was measured using Probit analysis.

The mean age of patients was 4.4±3.4 years. The mortality rate in burn pa-tients was 8.7% and LA50 of total body surface area (TBSA%) ranged from 40.1% in 2012 to 68.3% in 2016. Although the number of male burn patients (65%) was more than females (35%), the mortality rate in females was more than males (11.4% vs. 7.2%). Scald and flame were the most common causes of burn.

CONCLUSION:

 The findings in our burn center comparing burn patients to developed coun-tries showed that LA50 and survival rate were lower denoting to an urgent necessity to promote current policies in burn care and prevention and to de-crease the mortality rate too.

Previous studies in pediatric populations have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with large burns. The aim of the current comparative study was to investigate the serum level of vitamin D in patients with large burns [>20% total body surface area (TBSA)] after 6 months of therapy. 

This case control study was conducted during 6-month period from 2017 to 2018 in Amiralmomenin Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Forty two patients with large burns (>20% TBSA) and at least 6 months’ post-burn period were enrolled. Also, 42 healthy and age and sex matched controls from those referring for routine check-ups were included for comparison. None of the patients and controls received vitamin D supplements. The serum level of calcium (Ca), parathormone (PTH) and vitamin D were compared between the groups. 

There was no significant difference between the two study groups regarding the baseline characteristics including the age (p=0.085), gender (p=0.275) and duration of sun exposure (p=0.894). We found that those with major burns had significantly higher serum levels of PTH (50.48±26.49 vs. 33.64±15.80; p=0.001). In addition, the serum levels of vitamin D were significantly lower in burn patients compared to healthy controls (18.15±9.18 vs. 31.43±16.27; p<0.001). 

Major burns (≥20% TBSA) are associated with increased serum levels of PTH and decreased serum levels of vitamin D. However, serum levels of calcium are not affected by major burns.

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) differs between different regions of Iran. This study aimed to investigate changes in prevalence and incidence rates of MS in ten ethnic and cultural zones of Iran set by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.

Information on MS incidence and prevalence was obtained from the national registry of MS during the study period 2006–2013. Demographic data were acquired from the Statistical Centre of Iran.

A rising trend of MS prevalence was observed in Iran, and overall, the prevalence of MS increased by 3.67% per year. The highest prevalence rates of MS, and the most dramatic increase in MS prevalence, occurred in the central areas of Iran. However, during the 7‑year period, the prevalence gradually increased also in southern and western areas.

The prevalence and incidence of MS have been rapidly increasing in all regions of Iran, especially from central to western and southern regions.

Among the most prominent Iranian Muslim figures and philologers in the third century was Abu Hatam Al-Sajistānī (d. 255/876). He played an important role in promoting Qur’anic sciences. His professional skill in Qur’anic sciences was “variant readings” (qirā’āt), in which he had complete authority. Based on a descriptive-analytical method, in this research, the attempt has been made to answer the question “how and for what reasons did he use the components of lexical interpretation to choose the best reading?” A careful attention of this subject helps us to explain the reason for the authority of a reading and also to compare his views and thoughts with other readers and narrators of the science of reading. Findings show that Sajistānī’s Qur’anic struggles were carried out in four sections of pronunciation, phonology, etymology, and semantics. His method mostly focused on words, explaining the meanings of words, attention to conjugational and syntactic issues, expression style, as well as special concern to the pronunciation of the Qur’an. For each of his views, he provided a scientific argument that in some cases was in line with the views of other readers and commentators and sometimes opposed it.

Trigeminal trophic syndrome is an unusual cause of facial ulcers that affects the sensitive area of the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is an unusual condition characterized by anesthesia, paraesthesias and ala nasi ulceration, following peripheral or central damage to the trigeminal nerve. We reported a 27-year-old man who presented with a left ala nasi ulcer accompanied by pruritus and paraesthesia for two months and one month before admission, he was a case of car accident that was admitted in ICU due to diffuse axonal injury (DAI). An underlying infectious, malignant and vasculitic cause for the ulcer was excluded by a skin biopsy. So awareness of the predisposing factors and clinical presentations of this important disfiguring condition seems to be necessary to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Despite the whole world’s effort for controlling an ongoing global outbreak caused by new corona virus; it is still a major public health issue. Any hospitalized patient or outpatient in burn departments should be considered as a potential infectious source of COVID-19, which may cause an overwhelming of disease. However, there are no previous experiences about COVID-19 in burn patients all over the world, and here we reported two burn cases at Amir-al-Momenin Burn Hospital Affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran with skin manifestations, which were detected as a rarely COVID-19 symptom. A 13-year-old girl [total body surface area (TBSA): 18%] and a 37-year-old woman (TBSA: 30%) who had burn injuries by gas explosion and car accident, respectively were enrolled. After admission, some vesicular injuries were visible in burn area. To confirm, skin biopsy specimens were either sent for histopathology examination or for real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as follow: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), chicken pox, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) for fungal infections. All test results were negative. Although they had no symptoms of COVID-19, two swabs from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samplings were taken, the result was negative either. Specimens were obtained from vesicular lesions for qRT-PCR assay of COVID-19. According to the molecular results for vesicular samples, all the results were positive for COVID-19. Unlike all other COVID-19 patients who have respiratory symptoms, SARS-COV-2 appeared by cutaneous vesicular and blisters in two burn cases.

Although clearance in mechanisms facilitates manufacturing and assembly, it will lead to undesirable results such as an increase in vibration and a decrease in accuracy. Joint clearance is considered as the main cause of errors in the position and the direction of the links. This research has investigated the possibility of using encoder signals to estimate the extent of clearance in the joints of a slide crank servomechanism. The output signal of the encoder was studied in three modes of zero, low and high clearances. It was done on the point of the part that serves as a link for servomechanism. The output signals of encoder were tested, analyzed and compared with those in joints with/without clearances. It was found that the signals had a sinusoidal waveform in the joint with ideal clearance but it has a distorted waveform in the joint which has high clearance. The results show that the distortion available in encoder signals may be used as a criterion to estimate and monitor clearance condition in slide crank mechanisms

Burn is one of the most traumatic injuries and life-threatening states which expose children at a higher risk. The aim of this study was evaluating the epidemiology of pediatric burns in age less than eighteen years old during the last decade.

This cross-sectional study was carried out during 2008-2017 in Amir-al Momenin Burn Center, affiliated by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The subjects consisted of burn victims under 18 years old who were registered as outpatients and inpatients.

During the study period, 1893 and 12431 patient were registered as inpatients and outpatients of the hospital. The burn victims were males. Children under 5 years old were prone to scald injuries more than children in any other age. More than 90% of inpatients children burned accidentally, while 116 (6.12%) burn injuries were suicidal; which was mostly seen in girls (75%, 87 out of 116).

Most burns involved scalds from hot liquids especially in children age less than 5 years. Different strategies can be executed by means of broadcast flashes in mass media and educational programs through schools to show risk situation and statements calling attention to prevent childhood burn injuries.