alireza shojaee

The Indian philosophical Buddhist schools have their own understanding of the Buddha's ultimate view. But there are some expressions that are contradictory with the ultimate view of the Buddha, which they consider to be right and are, therefore, problematic. This led to the emergence of a new interpretative formula and the official beginning of Buddhist hermeneutics in India. This situation became more complicated with the interpretative guidelines attributed to Buddha himself. With regard to text understanding, one of these Buddhist guidelines points to "four reliance" that form the principles of Buddhist hermeneutic: Rely on the Teaching not the Teacher; Rely on the Meaning, not the Letter; rely on the definitve meaning, not the interpretable meaning; rely on wisdom not on Consciousness.

Episiotomy is a surgical incision in the entrance of the vagina which is performed by cutting the perineum during the second stage of labor. Hypericum have analgesic properties because of tanin and Hyprsyn and Hyprfuryn. This study was performed with aim to determine the effects of Hypericum cream to reduce perineal pain after episiotomy.

This double blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 100 women eligible for study referred To Talesh Noorani hospital in 2014. The samples were randomly allocated in two groups of placebo and Hypericum cream. The studies samples used 2 cm Hypericum cream at scars 12 hours after episiotomy twice a day for 10 days. Pain was measured before intervention and 12 first hours and 5 and 10 days after delivery by VAS scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 19)، and Mann-Whitney، Independent t test، Chi-square and Fisher''s exact test.

Mean pain score before intervention was not significant in two groups (P=0. 483). Also، mean pain severity in two groups significant reduced after 12 hours and 5 days and 10 days after delivery (P<0. 001).

Hypericum perforatum cream reduces episiotomy pain and need to painkillers after delivery.

A major part of the Buddhist deeds are associated with Buddhist morality. The Buddhist prescriptions consist in a series of moral principles which are concerned with one's duty to one's self and others. The principle of Ahimsa, which means non-injury to one's self and to others, is the most central Buddhist moral teaching. The five abstentions begin with this sentence: "I make a promise to abstain from injuring the living creatures, stealing, immorality, telling lie, and intoxication". Now, is it possible for the human rights to be expressed in terms of these teachings? Is the universal declaration of human rights compatible with the demands of the Buddhist morality? Does the emphasis put upon law not overshadow one's religious duty? In this article, the author, Fredericks, examines the different answers of the Buddhist thinkers to these questions. He also sets forth the Buddhist's criticism of the universal declaration of human rights.