فهرست مطالب amir ansari

The insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and its novel death receptor (IGFBP-3R) have been exhibited to have tumor suppressor effects. Despite their prognostic value in some cancers, they have not been elucidated in gastric cancer.

Experimental approach: 

We collected 68 samples from patients with gastric cancer. IGFBP-3 and IGFBP- 3R expression levels were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting in patients. The relationship between prognostic factors and IGFBP-3/IGFBP-3R expression was also evaluated.

Our results showed that IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3R expression was reduced significantly in tumor tissues. We found that there was an association between the reduction of IGFBP-3 with lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. Besides, IGFBP-3R expression was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, differentiation, and TNM classification. Interestingly, we presented that the downregulation of IGFBP-3R was stage-dependent. In survival analysis, our findings showed that low levels of IGFBP-3R mRNA expression exhibited a close correlation with survival rate.

Conclusion and implications: 

The findings of this study showed that the expression levels of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3R are valuable prognostic factors. Despite the potential of IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3R plays a significant role as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer. However, these findings need to be developed and confirmed by further studies.

Species diversity is one of the levels of biodiversity that encompasses a variety of Fauna and Flora. Haftad-Gholleh National Park located in central of Iran is inhabited by species diversity. This study identifies the animal species of the safe valleys of Chekab and Sibak Haftad-Gholleh National Park and this method calculates the species diversity indices for the area using ecological methodology software. Animals were recorded and censored using images from the local telephoto camera trap. Species diversity indices (richness, heterogeneity, homogeneity) and within habitat, between habitat and regional diversity (γ, β, α), and Morista similarity index were used to estimate and analyze the similarity of fauna with the Chekab and Sibak valleys. The results showed that 22 species were recorded in Haftad-Gholleh area, 11 of bird species, 10 mammals species and 1 amphibian species. In general, the highest species richness is related to the Sibak Valley and the least richness to the Chekab Valley. According to heterogeneity and homogeneity indices, the overall trend of species diversity in the Sibak and Chekab valleys was initially decreasing and then increasing. The similarity index between Sibak and Chekab valleys is 0.98, indicating high similarity between the two valleys. The highest α, β and γ diversity indices belong to the Sibak Valley and the least to the Chekab Valley.

During the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, Iranian medical sciences students were at higher risk of contracting this virus because they were in infected environments. So, they are predisposed to high levels of anxiety that could worsen their lives. The determent of factors and levels of anxiety could be helpful to reduce anxiety and control its worse effects. Hence, this study aimed to measure the anxiety index and its factors among medical sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was sent to students from 27 medical sciences universities in Iran from 20th December 2020 to 10th March 2021. The online survey consists of the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) for measured general health anxiety as well as the baseline characteristics of students.

723 students responded, including 483 (66.8%) females and mean HAI score was 16.76±8.35. Based on our findings, gender, past medical, and drug history were significantly related to the high level of anxiety. However, there was no coloration between HAI scores with age, the field of study, study duration, university location, and attendance in the hospital and/or COVID-19 ward (P˃0.05).

Students with notable past medical history and/or drug history and female students more than others were predisposed to anxiety in a pandemic such as COVID-19. Hence, in a pandemic situation, psychological care should concern them.

Evaluation of land ecological capability to achieve the planned objectives according to the IUCN, protected areas must be zoned in the process of evaluation of environmental capabilities. This study was done to determine the ecological capability of Haftad-Gholleh protected area in order to upgrade higher level of conservation to National Park and Biosphere Reserve by compilation of systemic analysis and MCDA methods. In this regard, we used Analytical Network Process (ANP) method by using Super Decisions software, with 11 alternatives, 3 criteria, and 10 sub-criteria. In order to achieve it, 508 environment units in the area were achieved with preparing the map of stable and unstable ecological resources, and socioeconomic resources of the area and its analysis and concluding by GIS (scale 1: 25,000). The maps of ecological potential were prepared by comparing the homogeneous units with the special ecological model of the area, and then, with the integration of units with the same usage, a first base map of zoning and eventually the final zoning map with prioritizing and organizing the primary zones as the units of planning was prepared. The results showed that the percentages of the restricted nature zones, the protected zone, the extensive recreation zone, the concentrated recreation zone, the recovery zone, the other uses zone and the special use zone, also the percentages of the core zone, buffer zone and transition zone are 53.63% (62884.5hectares), 27.10% (31764.42 hectares), 4% (4697.28 hectares), 0.27% (326.04 hectares), 0.10% (114.6 hectares), 14.98% (17565.17 hectares), 15.67%, 39.84 %, and 44.57%, respectively. Accordingly, the Haftad-Gholleh area has the minimum zone required to upgrade to a national park and biosphere reserve

Urban green space has a very important role in the sustainability of the city. Green space per capita is one of the main factors to planning and management of a city. In this study, green space per capita estimation of Khomein city was investigated.

Satellite imagery was used to measure green space and parks per capita. For this purpose, using Sentinel-2 imagery, land use map was developed in four classes including: Bare lands, habitat, urban parks and farmlands. The urban park layer was extracted and combined to the four district of Khomein city layer. Then, the green space per capita of each area was calculated.

Green space per capita survey using remote sensing approach shows a severe shortage of urban green space in this city, especially zone 3 in the southeast of the city with 1.66 m2 per capita, meanwhile, this zone had the lowest value among all zones. In this city, green space has an inappropriate distribution and the highest green space per capita value was 3.43 in zone 1. Zones 2 and 4 had an average of 3.22 and 3.27 m2, respectively.

the results show that the green space per capita of the city is very low compared to the standards and requires special attention of decision makers to increase and expand the green space in the city. So in the near future, a comprehensive analysis of the green space and the reasons for this shortage should be addressed.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder that affects patients physically and mentally. It is a co-existing disorder that can impact disease management adversely and trigger diabetes-related complications. However, it seems that the role of factors associated with depression are underestimated by both patients and physicians. We examined the associations between depression and blood sugar control and the role of associated factors such as demographic features, Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), Fasting Blood Sugar, lifestyle and diabetes-related complications on depression in adults with diabetes mellitus.

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 219 adults diagnosed with diabetes. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring depressive symptoms and demographic backgrounds. Laboratory values and data from physical examination were also collected.

The prevalence of depression was 12.3% in our population. The mean level of HbA1c and FBS was also higher among depressed patients. however, it was not significantly different among patients with and without depression. There was no statistically significant correlation between the Beck Depression Scale mean scores and the mean of FBS, HbA1c and BMI (p<0.01).

Our findings reveal that depression rate among diabetes patients is considerable. In fact, mental status should be noticed as well as pathological status in clinical practice.

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare disease with a prevalence estimation of, 5 per, 100,000 individuals. Besides, it can highly be misdi - agnosed with other psychiatric disorders.

We report a case of CADASIL in a 32-year-old Asian female presenting with schizophrenia symptoms such as auditory hallucination ،loosening of associations، persecutory delusions، referential delusions، decreased function, and complex hepatic hallucinations that the patient had said sometimes someone has intercourse with me since 2 years ago. After brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and gene checking, she showed up with NOTCH3 gene, besides Brain Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of CADASIL. Supportive treatments have been done and two years of following up showed a significant increase in patient life quality .

This case report demonstrates the challenges of CADASIL diagnosis in a patient with schizophrenia symptoms. The diagnosis should be considered in patients with schizophrenia symptoms. Hence, there is a need for timely diagnosis and management of this disorder.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) became a critical worldwide issue in last few decades. One of the progressive concerns is mental health in diabetic patients. Anxiety is one of mental health disorders that is comprehensively prevalent in diabetic patients. The investigation of anxiety in diabetes and poor glycemic control and other factors is related to comorbid anxiety with diabetes.

220 diabetic patients who were registered on Fasa diabetes registry system. We interviewed them on telephone and collected Persian version of Beck anxiety inventory (BAI).

Our study showed that prevalence of anxiety in diabetic patients was 29.5%. Among this the majority of them were females, i.e. 148 patients (67.3 %) and 72 (32.7%) were males and mean age was 57.16 years. Among all factors, glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin type A1C (HbA1C) and FBS) were not significantly related to anxiety in diabetes subjects. However significant relation between demographic factors (sex, having child and job) was detected.

Our study revealed a high prevalence of anxiety among diabetic patients and shows a significant relation with factors like sex, occupation, and job satisfaction. On the other hand, no significant relation between glycemic control and anxiety was observed. However, longitudinal study needs to identify detailed risk factors.

Water conflict is a major challenge that, if left unmanaged, will become a security issue. Although tensions over water have increased, conflicts over shared water resources are more likely to happen. The study aimed to investigate water conflict and its management strategies among farmers.

The descriptive-survey research method was used. The data-gathering tool was the questionnaire, which its validity was verified through face validity. The study population included farmers who used shared water wells to provide water for agriculture (N=478). Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was 214 farmers who were selected by the simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The results showed that “drought” and “increasing number of farmers”, with an average score of 3.56 and 3.45, respectively on a scale of 1 to 5, are considered as the main causes of agricultural water conflict. From the farmers’ view, the priority for reducing water conflicts was the participation of farmers in managing water wells and negotiating with farmers around the water. On a scale of 13 to 65 with an average of 38.51, the perceived agricultural water conflict was at the medium level. By increasing farm distance from the well, area of agricultural rental land, and annual income from non-agricultural activities, the perception of agricultural water conflict increased. However, by increasing owned agricultural land area and agricultural income, the perception of agricultural water conflict decreased. The main strategy used by farmers to manage agricultural water conflict was “control”, in which coercion and force are used to manage conflict. The “problem-solving” and “avoidance” strategies were the second and third priorities, respectively.

The Mohajeran city was built as the first new city in Markazi province, and was built according to the principles of urban planning and architecture. The purpose of this study is a preliminary assessment of the environmental situation of the Mohajeran city. This study was performed using multi-criteria analysis (MCDA) approach, ANP method, Super Decisions software with 8 options, 7 criteria and 18 sub-criteria. Criteria include energy and carbon dioxide, waste and recycling, air quality, noise and light pollution, environmental management, transportation, land and building use (green space), water and wastewater. Evaluation of criteria was done through field visits, receiving information from organizations as well as interviews with the people of the city, distributing online questionnaires, interpreting and comparing satellite images from 2000 to 2020 in the region, determining the emission coefficients of pollutants from natural gas consumption according to EPA. The results of the evaluation of criteria by ANP method shows that the weight of land and building land use criteria (0.22) and wastewater (0.18) is more than the other 5 criteria. The per capita weight of green space (0.25) and access to the sewerage network (0.15) is more than other sub-criteria. Area 2 with a weight of (0.162) is the greenest and Area 4 with a weight of (0.079) is the greenest compared to other areas of the city.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common chronic disease. This disease is the main risk factor for fatal diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke. As there is no cure for DM, an effective strategy must control it. Every attempt to control DM and patients’ outcomes require a surveillance system to consider the efficacy and safety measures. Fasa Registry on Diabetes mellitus (FaRD) is the first population-based registry for DM in Iran, which aims to provide an accurate description of social, mental health, clinical, and laboratory values of patients in order to consider the management patterns of these patients and discover the degree of adherence to the recommendations.

The level of plasma glucose characterizes the diagnosis of diabetes (Type I and II). The pregnant women were excluded from this study. Three registrar nurses collected data from demographics, physical exams, past medical history, medication history, and laboratory findings.

The pilot phase included the first 381 patients, of which 257 (67.5%) were women, and 124 (32.5%) were men with a mean age of 57.54 ± 12.12 years among subjects, the 347 (94.5%) cases had DM type 2, and 20 (5.4%) ones had type 1.

Based on our results, the characteristics of patients suffering from DM indicated that the jobless ones could not afford their medical expenditures; therefore, the majority of the patients were not adherent to the practice guidelines. The achievement of FaRD helps physicians and patients in improved management of the DM. The findings of this pilot study show the FaRD is feasible, and it will make a comprehensive population- based registry for DM in the region.

Haftad-Gholleh National Park located in central Iran is inhabited by two prey species: the wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) and the wild goat (Capra aegagrus). Their main predator in the park area is the grey wolf (Canis lupus). We applied a maximum-entropy presence-only approach to model habitat suitability for these three species in the Haftad-Gholleh National Park. Moreover, we studied their niche breadth using ENMTools. Altogether seven environmental variables were incorporated into the final models including: percentage of vegetation cover, slope, aspect, elevation, distance from human activities, distance from water, and distance from road. Results indicated that habitat variables such as slope, aspect, and distance from water were the most important variables affecting the predictive power of the prey and predator species models. The Grey wolf has a distribution larger than that of the wild goat, but smaller than that of the wild sheep. Interestingly, niche-breadth analysis indicates that the grey wolf has a niche breadth half that of the wild sheep and twice that of the wild goat. Wild sheep have a relatively wide geographical extent and show a tendency to marginal and strictly protected habitats; the grey wolf chooses moderate areas fit for its moderate mobility of habitat variability and dependency to restricted natural habitats; and the wild goat has a relatively narrow geographical extent and shows a tendency to specific restricted natural habitats in the Haftad-Gholleh National Park.

Proper distribution of urban green space is one of the most important issues in urban planning and especially in management of urban green space. In other words, the physical expansion of cities destroys surrounding natural environments and arable lands. It also results in fundamental changes in ecological structure and functionof urban landscape, along with gradual changesin spatial structure and patterns of this landscape (Wang et al., 2008). Since ecosystem processes depends on its structure, landscape metrics have been accepted as a very useful tool for expressing the structure of urban green space and its human-causedchanges (Hessburg et al., 2013).There has always been discussion onacceptable per capita green space or changes in green space over time and place. Iranian cities are no exception in this regard, thougheven a city enjoying a high ratio of green space per capita may still lack enough green space per capita in some districts. This suggests the necessity of investigating various measures and avoiding studies limited to per capita green space and urban forestry. (Botequilha and Ahren, 2002). If as an ecological structure,green space is proportional to populationcomposition and distribution, ecological performance and land use type of an urban area, it can have important ecological functions. Since most studies on urban green space have primarily focused onfinding a proper location, calculating appropriate per capita green space and introducing suitable species for green space, investigatingthe spatial distribution of urban green spaceseems to be of great importance. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the spatial pattern and distribution of public green space in Khomein using a landscape approach.

Study area The study area, Khomein, is bounded by agricultural lands and gardens in its northeast, west, and partly in its south. Only the main area of urban texture is located on barren lands (Abbasi et al., 1986). The study area includes four districts of Khomeinin which the pattern of green space distribution isinvestigated. Methods Sentinel-2 images were used in the present study. Satellite images were processed and then, their geographical effects were extracted inthe first step of classification. Different indices were defined for each patch of the image and using supervised method, images were classified into four classes of agricultural lands, barren lands, urban parks and residential areas in accordance with the training data. Visual method was used to improve classification results. In this method, classification results are matched with the imagesand possible errors are rectified. Google Earth was used to evaluate the accuracy of results obtained from classification of satellite images. In the next step,the base map of the present study was produced and then, the layer containing urban parkswas integrated with the layers prepared for four districts of Khomein. It should be noted that the present study focuses on urban parks prepared by the municipality for public use and does not include other urban green spaceareas such as the green belt or private gardens, etc. To study the spatial distribution of green space, measures of land cover were calculated and analyzed in each of the four districts. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Landscape Measurement Analysis Program (FRAGSTATS) were among the tools used to calculate and measure landusein the present study. Landscape metrics used in the present study included: Landscape Shape Index (LSI) which measures the area of ​​the largest patch in a class divided by the total area of ​​that landscape (multiplied by 100 to convert to percent) Euclidean Nearest Neighbor distance (ENN) which is the average distance between patches in a class. Meter is used as the standard unit of measurement for this index. Perimeter /Area Ratio (PARA) which is the ratio of the perimeter of ​​the patch (m) to its area (m2). This measure lacks a specific unit and for PARA> 0 it is without a limit. Number of Patches (NP) equals the number of patchesof the corresponding patch type (class). Shape Index:sum of patches’ perimeter divided by the square root of the area of ​​the patch (ha) for each class (class surface) or the entire patch (land surface). This index iscalculated for circle standard (polygon), or square standard (grid) and divided by the number of patches. Largest Patch Index (LPI) which measures the area of ​​the largest patch in a class divided by the total area of ​​the landscape (multiplied by 100 to convert to percent) Mean Patch Size (MPS) which measures the average size of a patchin the landscape.  

District 3 ranked highest and district 1 ranked lowest in ENN indexindicating that ​​urban green space patches in this district were closer together, while green space patches in the third district were limited and far apart from each other. Regarding LPI index, the second district ranked thehighest and the third district ranked the lowest indicating that the largest urban parks in this districtwere much smaller than other districts. Other district had a relatively acceptable statusin this respect. In MPS index, district 2 with 697 patches ranked highest and district 1 with ​​564 patches ranked lowest indicating that average green space patches in district 1 were smaller. This was also confirmed by maps prepared based on other metrics.Regarding the LSI index, district 1 ranked highest and district 2 ranked lowest, while districts 3 and 4 had a similar status in this measure. The first district had the highest number of patches (NP), while the third district had the lowest NP. The highestPARA ratio was observed in District 1, and the lowestin District 4, while districts 3 and 2 ranked near the middle. In Landscape shape index which increases with the heterogeneity of patches,district 1 (with 13.12) ranked highest and District 3(6.64) ranked lowestwhiledistricts 2 and 4 ranked near the middle.This indicates the heterogeneous shape of green space patches in district 1, while showing that patches of green space in district 3 are very simple and homogeneous.Finally it should be noted that calculating landscape metrics for the four districts ofKhomein indicated a very low per capita green space in this city and also absence of a proper and equitable spatial distribution.  

Calculatinglandscape metrics in the four districts of Khomeinindicated thatcompared to other districts, district 1, located in the southern part of the city, has a more desirable status in indices such as PARA, LSI, NP, and ENN. At the same time, district 3, located in the southeastern part of the city, has the least appropriate status regarding these metrics indicating the necessity of a comprehensive analysis of green space areas in this district in near future. Urban managers and planners need to focus on this district and its green space, and if possible find appropriate sites for future green space areas in this district.Although the status of districts 2 and 4, located in the west and north of the cityrespectively, were not very desirable, theyranked higher than districts 3in NP, LPI, and MPS. Using GIS in combination with satellite imagery, and land use metrics provided an innovative way to study the gradual spatial changes in urban green space. Results of landscape metrics analysis indicated an unbalanced distribution of land use in the four urban districts in this study.

The world's mammals condition are concerned because habitat degradation and high hunting. Wildlife captive breeding centers are examples of the last resort for conservation of species in outside of the main habitats and protected areas. The Watershed of Arak University with a total area of 625.65 hectares is located on the southwestern aspect of Mount Modar, northwest of Arak city and north of Karahrod city. Habitat evaluation variables of species (wild goats, wild sheep and iranian gazella) including: height, slope, aspect, climate (rainfall and temperature), distance from human uses, land use, distance from roads, distance from water sources (springs and rivers), vegetation index (NDVI). And the HBM modeler and the sub-MCE model and FAHP weighting method used in the IDRISI TerrSet18.31 software. The nutritional carrying capacity is determined using the Harlow formula for critical period of the 90-day. The results of habitat evaluation showed that, the suitable habitat for wild sheep, Iranian gazelle and wild goat are 41.78 % (261 hectares), 11.11% (231.8 hectares) and 23.63% (147.62 hectares), respectively. The nutritional carrying capacity for Iranian gazelle, wild goat and wild sheep are 14 unit, 6.74 unit and 5.9 unit, respectively. Generally, nutritional carrying capacity of area for all three species are 26.64 unit. Protective approach recommended for wild sheep, iranian gazella and wild goat are reintroduction and introduction programs, respectively in the Watershed of Arak University.

Predicting the habitat suitability of wildlife in response to climate change is essential for their conservation and management. Wild sheepis a wildlife species native to Iran. Therefore, this study aimed at predicting the effect of climate change on wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) habitat suitability using ensemble modeling in Markazi Province. In this regard, Five modeling approaches suchas Surface Range Envelop (SRE), Multiple Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Random Forest (RF), Classification Tree Analysis (CTA), Flexible Discriminant Analysis (FDA) were used to determine relationships between the occurrence of species and environmental factors under the ensemble framework by using Biomod2 and R software. R results showed that AUC values greater than 0.9 and functioning of all models been excellent. The mean temperature annual range and Annual precipitation had the most important role for habitat suitability of this species and 113.1% changes in O. orientalis habitat suitability was justified. R results of the model showed that 1211316.19 ha, (41.55%) of in Markazi province for the O. orientalis have had high habitat suitability. Under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 climate scenario O. orientalis might lose respectively 50.30% and 73.42% of its climatically suitable habitats due to climate change factors, by 2050, while in a number of areas 4.1% and 12.1%, the current unsuitable habitats may be converted to suitable. More habitat reduction in protected areas related to Varsan, Bazarjan, Mouteh, Jasb and Haftad-Gholeh areas. The lowest habitat reduction in the Razeghan and Chal-khaton areas. The results of this study can be used in planning, conservation and rehabilitation of O. orientalis and protected areas managemen.

This study in order to introductory study of ecological charactristics some in nesting habitat of  Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus in Khondab Shara area of Markazi province was conducted from April to July 2018, Using of linear and point transects and statistical methods, with eight variables such as: Percentage of tree crown cover, diameter at breast height, depth of river under the nest dangling, distance from the road, distance from agricultural land, distance from the village, nest height from the surface of water and land and nest size. Results showed as if Penduline Tit’s nests 17 was observed in the area. Nests were active eight and inactive nine. The variables of tree crown percentages, diameter at breast height, river water depth and distance from the village have a significant correlation with the nesting habitat of the Pendulines and their activeness. Reduced annual drainage of the river and agricultural land development threatened the nesting habitat of the Pendulines and decline the population size of this bird.

The purpose of this research is assessing and planning the urban streets of Arak city. In this research, environmental impacts were assessed by using these three methods Multi-criteria like rapid matrix, ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS that both of them are decisionmaking methods. The process that has been followed in this study includes, determining the indicators, (using library studies), specifying geographic area, introducing the options, studying the environmental basic conditions, indicating and predicting and impacts, assessing the impacts using the three mentioned methods and providing the report. In the following, the status of the environmental factors was investigated. Then, the most important factors that might be affected by 58-meter street construction were identified using checklist, and were selected as the criteria for impact assessment. Then environmental impact assessment was separately fulfilled by using three methods like rapid assessment (matrix), fuzzy TOPSIS and ANP. Due to the the more negative impacts relatively to the positive impacts in the rapid matrix method, the project was rejected. In both fuzzy TOPSIS and ANP methods the non-execution option has the most weight and preference. But among these methods, the ANP method is introduced as a suitable method for environment impacts assessment in different projects because of its ability to create a network with interaction between criteria and options at different levels and directions.

Haftad-Gholleh protected area located in the central plateau of Iran host one of the mountainous vipers, Levantine viper (Macrovipera lebetina) which can be regarded as west and northeastern subspecies. Habitat destruction and illegal live trapping to extract venom can be considered as some of the most important factors which threats the species viability. To determine the most important factors which affect the species habitat use, I tried to use to modeling approaches of MaxEnt and Logistic regression focusing on the eight different independent variables and 15 locations of the species present. Both models with high validation criteria (AUC> 0.98) indicated that around one percent of the protected area can be regarded as a potential habitat for the target species.  Two distal factors acted in the reverse direction as distance from the Human related landuse (7 km) showed the highest priority while the distance from traffic roads indicated the lowest effect on the species habitat usage. Two other most important variables which affect the species habitat selection were distance to the water resources and altitude. The present work's outputs can be used in the species protection in Haftad-Gholleh protected area.

The Valley of Shara is a suitable habitat for branch birds, especially of the Columba palumbus. This study was conducted from April to September 2018 in the Shara Valley, Intermediate of between the Duab bridge and the Goshirvan bridge in 2.5km distance from the river, Using of Habitat Biodiversity Modeler (HBM) method, With Modeles four of such as: Typicalities, Maxent, Logistic Regression,Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network in the Terrset and Arc Gis13.1 softwares , and with variables six of such as: slope, elevation, proximity to the river, distance from the road, land use, distance from the village. Results show, There are C.palumbus nest Twenty six in the area. The Valley of Shara is the southeastern part of the nesting habitat of the C.palumbus in Iran. By comparing the performance, four models were identified, The habitat suitable area of the maxent model is a significant correlation (0.87) with the forest use. that the desirability model validity is equal to 0.914 showing a excellent of Maxent model. Therefore, by matching the region's conditions, the Maxent model is more reliable and closer to reality. Variants of proximity to the river and the use of garden and forest land in the nesting habitat are of great importance.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease worldwide and has many complications. Vascular events are the major complication of DM, which have an important effect on mortality and disability. Physical activity (PA) enhances the vascular function by several pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PA and vascular diseases in patients with DM.

This study was performed as a case-control study extracted from a prospective epidemiological research study in Iran. Patients with type 2 DM for more than six months as a case group were compared to sex- and agematched healthy control subjects. The metabolic equivalent of task score was used to evaluate the level of PA and blood glucose, lipid profile, body mass index, overweight, dyslipidemia, glomerular filtration rate, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stroke.

Overall, 1242 patients with DM were extracted, and 2484 non-DM subjects were investigated. In the case group, 355 (28.6%) and 887 (71.4%) subjects were men and women, respectively, and 710 (28.6%) men and 1774 (71.4%) women were in the control group. The mean metabolic equivalent of task score was 30 and 40.97 in the DM and non-DM groups, respectively (P˂0.001). The frequency of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac ischemia was 44 (3.5%), 37 (3%), and 267 (21.5%) in the DM group, and 54 (2.2%), 43 (1.7%), and 389 (15.7%) in the non-DM group, respectively.

The incidence of vascular events associated with PA level in patients with DM and adherence to regular PA reduced vascular events and DM complications.

 Strategic and important industries are established in areas with possible access to water. Industrial development requires abundant water. Analysis of environmental resources and their pollution is the first consequence of industrial and human activities. Therefore today, due to the large volume of discharge and pollution in the environment, direct use of water is neither reasonable nor possible. Discharging industrial wastewater in land could severely contaminate the groundwater. In oil pollution monitoring researches, it is noteworthy that pollution detection and renovation operations require time and economic costs. Contamination of Soil and groundwater with pollutants such as hydrocarbons and chemical solvents has various environmental impacts. In Iran, the concentration of pollutants in some groundwater resources has been reported to be up to three times more than the standard value. This indicates the effect of a large amount of waste in the area which decrease soil quality in a way that soil layers are not able to compensate for it. Therefore, wastewater changes the drainage of underground water resources. In Iran and many other countries, causes such as leakage from contaminated petroleum storage tanks, leakage from transferring lines due to worn pipes, transportation of oil products, etc. in oil extraction mines, and refineries results in groundwater and surrounding areas facing oil leakage.    The purpose of this research is to produce the water quality map of Shazand plain in Markazi province using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique and to investigate the effects of oil industries on the quality of underground waters. The first step is to identify areas affected by these oil industries and identified factors. Appropriate agricultural areas with water supply in the qualitative range were also identified. The location of existing wells in the plain, particularly wells located around the refinery and petrochemical complexes were investigated for the first time. Then, considering the direction of the water land in the plain and the paths of wells located at upstream mountains to downstream ordinary rivers, wells located in the refinery and petrochemical complexes were selected. Accordingly, 14 wells were sampled in the first stage and their coordinates were obtained using GPS. The samples were classified in the laboratory into four groups including physical parameters, chemical parameters, oil and water aromatic parameters and water volatile organic compounds parameters. In the next stage, the maps of water quality parameters zoning were prepared using the "Geostatistical Analyst" developer with the use of the interpolation method of "Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)". Finally, spatial variations and the groundwater quality changes were investigated. Oil and aromatic parameters of water are presented along with the results of laboratory analysis in table 2. Results indicate that the numerical value of many parameters were less than 0.1 mg/L. Just two parameters (Anthracene and Pyrene) in well no.10 had a value of more than 0.1 mg/L. Yet, the total value of oil pollutant was quite different. In wells no. 3, 8, 9, and especially well no.10 the value was more than 0.1 mg/L. The zoning map and spatial variation trend, along with statistical-descriptive indexes of total petroleum hydrocarbon of wells were also produced. The spatial variation of oil pollutants in Dashte- Shazand wells in south-north direction showed an increasing trend, which gradually changed into a decreasing trend. A decreasing trend was also observed in west-east direction. Comparing descriptive-statistical indexes with the standard level, we concluded that the total oil pollutant parameter near well no.10, which is located in petrochemical complex faces contamination.  The present study sought to measure some important indexes of oil contamination in groundwater and surface water near Dasht-e Shazand refinery and petrochemical complex. Therefore, data were collected from 14 wells in the study area. Then, oil and aromatic products were analyzed in laboratory. Using geostatistical technique, spatial variations of quality parameters concentration were investigated and compared with the desired and standard level. Results indicate that most of the wells near Dashte- Shazand refinery and petrochemical complex do not show any sign of contamination. Yet, the concentration of Anthracene and Pyrene parameters in well no.10 is several times more than the standard level. This can increase the potential of contamination in Dashte- Shazand ground water resources. In wells no. 3, 8, 9, and especially in well no. 10, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was more than other wells. According to the TPH and PAH results, the contamination potential of well no.10 was quite large. Due to the development of Shazand refinery, ground water resources of the area face an increasing danger of contamination. Moreover, the area has a high potential of population increase in residential areas. Thus, water contamination can also endanger the local environment. This shows the necessity of an appropriate management plan and regular monitoring of ground water, surface water, soil and air in the area.  

Markazi Province is located in an arid and semi-arid area and is regarded as one of the desert provinces in Iran. In this province, more than 490000 hectares of pasturelands and wetlands have changed into desert lands which are at the center of the release of local dust. On the other hand, the dust from ouside the west and the central desert of Iran and from Qom province at the east have affected Markazi Province. Nowadays, suspended particles are the main pollutants of Markazi Province and Arak city, which are one of the main factors involved in air pollution in Markazi Province. The present study aims to make a spatial analysis of dust phenomenon in Markazi Province within 2007-2014. In the present study, the daily statistics for dust with a code (06) and horizontal visibility were received from 10 synoptic stations of Meteorological Department of Markazi Province and were estimated daily, monthly and annually. Then, the zoning map of dust phenomenon for the entire period and the year 2014 was drawn using the GIS software. The results indicated that Arak and Saveh cities have a maximum amount of dust at this interval and the extent of dust decreases by proceeding towards Tafresh and Khondab stations. Arak Meteorological Station with 1322 days and Tafresh Station with 85 days have had the maximum and minimum extent of dust, respectively. The percentage of the zoning area affected by dust in Markazi Provinc showed that about 65% and 35% of dust in Markazi Province are local and from outside, respectively.

According to evolutionary and systematic view, Ovis is one of the most complicated species in mammals. The Iran’s central plateau with high and widespread mountains is an ideal natural habitat for wild sheep. The Haftad Gholleh Protected Area is located in the center of this plateau. Consequently, a large population of these wild sheep species can be found in this area. The present study was carried out with respect to morphological features of wild sheep including horn, color and patterns that was obtained using camera trapping records, quarry as well as direct observation of wild sheep in Haftad Golleh area. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS16 software. The research results indicate that there are three sub-species of wild sheep in Haftad Gholleh Protected Area. Two previous described species namely Armenian (Ovis ammon gmelini) and Isfahan (Ovis orientalis isphahanica) species and one new proposed sub-species or hybrid named as Arak wild sheep (Ovis orientalis arakica). The distribution of Isfahan and Armenian species has extended to Haftad Gholleh Protected Area. The highest number of population in wild sheeps belonged to Isfahan, Arak and Armenian species, respectively. Future study should be focused on parallel morphometric and genetic survey to clarify the status of the proposed sub species in Haftad Gholleh Protected Area

Meighan Wetland Forbidden Hunting Region of Arak is located at center of Iran in the birds’ migratory flyway. In the cold season, thousands of the migratory birds settle this region featuring of the desired habitat conditions annually, especially, common crane. To view are the birds fauna 4 stations with diverse habitat conditions ranging from Waterfowl, The aquatic, playa and desert shrubs. They Were selected as the location for viewing. Bird watching was performed during the season from spring of 1392 until winter of 1394.In order to, collect the data was used directly observed and counted birds. During the study were identified bird species 150 from orders13 and families 38. As if of these was observed respectively species 77 of Waterfowl, The aquatic and Terrestrial 73. The number of observed species were endemic species 60, species 90 of migratory and semi-immigrant and immigrant passing. Order passeriformes with the largest number of families(families12) and with the largest number of species (species 41) were identified most diverse orders in the region. In the area, the species of Aquila nipalensis, Oxyura leucocephala and Falco cherrug are endangered in the category

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is a vital protein exist in circulation which interacts with high affinity to insulin-like growth factor (IGFs) altering their activities. Therefore, the interaction between IGFs and IGFBP-3 has a key role altering large spectrum of activities such as cell cycle progression, proliferation and apoptosis. Despite decades of research, the crystal structure of IGFBP-3 has not been identified possibly due to some technical challenge in its crystallizing. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of IGFBP-3 was predicted using homology modeling, Phyre2, and molecular dynamic. Its interaction with IGF-1 was also identified by HADDOCK software. IGFBP-3 has the most identity with other IGFBPs in N and C-domain; however, its linker domain has lower identity. Our data predicted that IGF-1 structurally interacts with N- domain and linker domain of IGFBP-3. Some conserved residues of IGFBP-3 such as Glu33, Arg36, Gly39, Arg60, Arg66, Asn109, and Ile146 interacts with Glu3, Asp12, Phe16, Gly19, Asp20, Arg21, and Glu58 of IGF-1. In addition, our data predict that the linker domain has a loop structure which covers post translational modification and interacts with IGF-1. The phosphorylation of Ser111 in linker domain, which previously has been shown to induce apoptosis make a repulsive force interrupting this interaction to IGF-1, which enables IGFBP-3 to induce apoptosis. The present study suggests that the linker domain has a key role in recognition of IGFBP-3 with IGF-1.