فهرست مطالب amir karimi

Instrumentation tubes is a special type of tubing selected based on material composition for the transport of gases such as clean air or fluids in precision instrument equipment like pressure gauges. One of the primary reasons for the degradation of these tubes is corrosion, a well-known issue in marine environments. This study investigates three types of tubing: unused tubing not yet in service, corrosion-resistant tubing in service, and degraded tubing. After metallographic operations, the microstructure and corrosion areas were examined using optical and electron microscopes, and the corrosion properties were analyzed through cyclic polarization tests. The material of the tubes was also validated using spectrometry tests. Following the analysis of degradation causes, the results indicated that inadequate attention to the selection of tubing material, operational conditions, and the degradation of oxide layers are among the most significant factors leading to tubing failure.

 Sometimes, the boundaries of ethics have been broken in online education, and COVID-19 has unconsciously provided the necessary grounds for this tension. The need to know the obstacles and practical solutions to solve this problem is the issue of this research for finding pure life. It is deemed essential to conduct a scientometric analysis in the domain of Ethics Education during the COVID-19 era to identify focal points and examine existing gaps in research.

The research employs a descriptive-applied methodology, following the filtration process, 1000 articles were selected for analysis using Excel and VOS Viewer software to examine and present the data. The findings reveal a rising trend in the number of articles, with 2023 having the highest count (1,422). Additionally, Social Science & Medicine secured the top position with 228 articles. The position of medical sciences was significant due to the attention to ethics in the process of education and treatment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted ethics education, according to some, it was done with a plan and interest. The pandemic has led to increased mental health concerns, anxiety, depression, and changes in teaching strategies. Overlay visualizations show the relationship between the pandemic's stages and the adoption of educational technology in ethical education. Ethics education for pure living emphasizes the integration of ethical ideas into education to promote purity, integrity, and moral well-being. Finally, some parts of Islamic education increased in this era by virtual platforms.

The Iranian Distance Education Journal (IDEJ) is one of the most critical journals in electronic education that publishes articles in the field of distance education. This research aims to review and analyze the content and citations of IDEJ articles. The research method, content analysis, and citation were done using Excel and SPSS software. The research findings showed that 81 articles were published in 10 issues of this quarterly magazine, from number 1 of volume A to number 2 of volume 4. Findings show that 83 percent were written in groups, the rest were written individually, 54% were university faculty members, and Payam Noor University had the most significant number of authors. Quantitative methods were used more with 66%, the keyword "e-learning" with 14 repetitions had the most extensive range of articles, and three professors from Payam Noor University had the most significant articles. Also, some authors were from Brazil, Nigeria, and Alaska, and women are as active as men. Suggestions were also made to correct the deficiencies and develop the magazine.

Sound-absorbing coatings are of great importance in noise control, thus to make them technically and economically effective, their design optimization is a necessity. Multi-layered homogeneous linings, intended to provide a certain level of absorption, have recently been of much interest among the anechoic coatings. In the present work, first, a mathematical model, called Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is introduced and validated to properly predict the acoustic response of cavity-less multi-layers. Next, a two-loop optimization technique aimed at maximizing the mean value of echo reduction and minimizing the layers’ total thickness is developed. The outer loop (GP) focuses on the number and order of the layers, while the inner (ICA) is dedicated to the thickness modification of each layer. Finally, results are demonstrated for some specific cases, where promising solutions are found for different constraints and conditions. As an example, comparing a homogeneous coating invented by the GP-ICA (#Generation 50 of Section 5.3) with a typical cavity-included coating used for sound absorption shows that the thickness of this new coating is reduced by nearly two-thirds (from 50 mm to 18 mm), while the first hit of the 20 dB band of Echo Reduction (ER) has reduced by 65 % (from 20 kHz to 7 kHz), and almost did not fall from this level until the end of the frequency domain of interest (40 kHz). That’s while the conventional coating frequency response dropped soon after hitting the 20 dB threshold.

One of the important challenges of many countries, including Iran, is the lack of teachers, which have resorted to different methods to solve this problem, and one of these plans in Iran was the immediate employment of student teachers. The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges of the immediate employment plan from the perspective of student teachers who were included in this plan.

The method of this research is of qualitative type and it was carried out using the analysis method. The statistical population of the research included the incoming students of Farhangian University in 2018, who started teaching as teachers in the last year of the university. Among them, 14 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and the researcher reached theoretical saturation with this number, and Max Kyuda software was used to analyze the qualitative data.

Based on the findings of the research, 57 open codes, 11 free codes, and three core codes were identified with the titles of educational components, organization, and students' perspectives. Free codes included: factors related to the past semesters, factors related to the remaining semesters, teachers and teaching, facilities and equipment, guidelines, AP and university coordination, financial and planning issues, educational components. As a result the implementation of this plan was faced with several challenges that must be considered for its re-implementation.

Introduction : 

 Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants at the cellular level which leads to the condition of infertility in male. Oxidation of cell macromolecules, cell death by necrosis, apoptosis and damage of tissue structure are the results of another oxidative stress damage. This process eventually leads to a variety of diseases, reduced growth performance and even death (Min et al. 2018). Poultry face a variety of environmental, technological, nutritional, and biological stresses that reduce their productivity and reproductive performance. Most of these stresses at the molecular level are associated with oxidative stress and damage to biologically important molecules (Surai et al. 2019). Qualitative characteristics of sperm, blood testosterone level, and plasma lipid peroxidation are affected by severe oxidative stress (Khan, 2011). Vitamin E is an important known antioxidant and protect cell membrane of sperm cell from damage of reactive oxygen species in male reproductive system of animal. Feeding of this vitamin has beneficial effect on testes weight, semen quality indexes, testosterone and antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in birds and mammals. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of diet vitamin E supplementation on fresh sperm quality in broiler breeder roosters challenged with oxidative-stress.

Eighteen Ross 308 male broiler breeder at 28 weeks of age were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups including control group, dexamethasone group (subcutaneous injection of 4 mg dexamethasone per kg body weight) and dexamethasone group receiving supplemented diet with of vitamin E (200 mg per kg of feed). Each experimental group consisted of 6 birds. Sperm samples were taken from roosters using abdominal massage method and analyzed for quality characteristics and antioxidant status. Sperm concentration was determined by counting spermatpzoa using hemocytometer. The pooled sperm sample was diluted by using poultry semen extender and then 10 µl of diluted sperm mixed with 10 ml of 3% NaCl. The chambers of hemacytometer filled with 10 µl sperm suspension and allowed to settle for 3 mines.  Numbers of sperm cell in 5 of the large squares of chamber were assessed. Computer assisted semen analyses (CASA) were performed to determine sperm motility, with settings adjusted to detecting domestic fowl according to a previously described method (Froman and Feltmann, 2000). Total, progressive and non-progressive motility (%), as well as immotile sperms were measured. Also, sperm kinematic values including straight line velocity (VSL (µm/s)), curvilinear velocity (VCL (µm/s), average path velocity (VAP (µm/s), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH (µm), and beat-cross frequency (BCF (Hz) were measured. Progression ratios were also calculated using the mentioned velocity measurements: straightness (STR = VSL/VAP) and linearity (LIN = VSL/VCL).

The results indicate that dexamethasone-induced oxidant stress caused an increase in MDA levels (5.4) and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (52.51) and superoxide dismutase (108.62), as well as sperm motility parameters and sperm cell membrane integrity in comparison to the control group. However, when vitamin E was added to the roosters' diet, it improved the negative effects of oxidative stress on sperm motility parameters, antioxidant status (Total antioxidant capacity (1.65), superoxide dismutase (155.10) and glutathione peroxidase (87.77) enzymes), sperm viability (88.05), and sperm cell membrane integrity (89.72) (P<0.05). These findings suggest that dexamethasone injection caused a sharp decline in sperm quality by reducing sperm motility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and plasma membrane integrity, while vitamin E supplementation improved sperm quality by enhancing the antioxidant status and protecting the sperm cell membrane from the damage caused by reactive oxygen species in broiler breeders. Avian sperm are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation due to their high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid peroxidation produces reactive species that damage sperm membrane function and motility, ultimately reducing the fertility potential of aged roosters. Therefore, the antioxidant defense plays a critical role in maintaining semen quality (Surai et al., 2006).

It can be concluded that the inclusion of vitamin E in diet remarkably improved the sperm motility characteristics and antioxidant status of sperm in broiler breeder roosters challenged with oxidative stress. On bases of this finding it’s recommended to use of vitamin E in the rooster diet to elucidate negative effect of oxidative stress.

Since 2019, the coronavirus has become a global problem and Iran has a high mortality rate in this regard. Dentistry and medicine are considered to be high-risk jobs during the pandemic, and it is essential that dentists and general practitioners have sufficient information to deal with the virus. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the knowledge and attitude of dentists and general practitioners in Isfahan regarding COVID-19 disease. Materials &

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 200 dentists and general practitioners working in Isfahan. The data was collected by questionnaire and the prepared data were statistically analyzed by, independent t-test, ANOVA and calculating the mean.

The mean scores of general knowledges of dentists and general practitioners were 4.19 ± 1.24 and 4.35 ± 1.36, respectively, and their mean scores of specialized knowledges were 3.71 ± 1.49 and 1.32 ± 4.46 out of 7, respectively. The relationship between specialized knowledge score and degree was significant (p value = 0.001). The mean score of attitude with the subject of "concern about corona" in dentists and general practitioners were 3.39 ± 12.3 and 20.86 ± 2.68 and the mean score of attitude with the subject of "personal protection and preventive measures" in both Group was calculated 26.32 out of 35.

In the present study, dentists and general practitioners had sufficient knowledge about most aspects of COVID-19 disease, but they did not have sufficient knowledge about the incubation period of Corona virus and personal protection protocols and there is an urgent need for training in this regard. They also had a positive attitude towards the use of personal protective equipment.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of the articles in the International Multidisciplinary Journal of Pure Life (IMJPL) and answer the question about the characteristics and specifications of the articles and the authors of the articles.METHOD AND

In the present research, the content analysis method is used as a descriptive method. The statistical population of this research is the ten published issues of the IMJPL since the journal was promoted to the rank and its articles became English i.e. number 23 to number 32, and the statistical sample of this research included 60 articles published in these issues. The unit of analysis, was the relevant topics of the 11-question checklists of this research in the quarterly articles. The method of this research was collected by referring to the titles and contents, citations of the articles, and the required information. The data were analyzed using collection tools and descriptive statistics such as data classification according to frequency distribution and frequency percentage using SPSS software version 26.

80% of the articles were written as a group, men are so active than women, and 19 are faculty members, also among the participating countries, Iran with 71 authors, 93% of qualitative articles, 82% were descriptive-analytical articles, Islamic Azad University and Al-Mustafa International University With ten authors, The Meaning of Life with 24 articles, keywords: life with 11 repetitions, had the most quantity and the qualitative analysis of the articles was also reviewed.

Educational technology has grown appreciably in recent years and the number of books and articles published in this field is increasing day by day, and therefore the necessity of scientific research is determined. The current research is a kind of descriptive study that was carried out using scientometric indicators. the research area includes all the articles on Educational technology that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1999 to 2022, and after filtering them, 7550 of them were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOS Viewer software. It was analyzed for analysis and display of data. The results of the research show that the number of articles has an upward trend and 2015 had the largest share in the number of articles. Also, Research articles (7,442), Journal Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (2,111) and scientific field Social Sciences (3,220) were ranked first. 13 clusters were identified that the topics of lifelong learning, instructional design, secondary education, interactive learning environment, architectures for educational, and pedagogical are very popular and also Previous in the field of Elearning and subjects: COVID-19, artificial intelligence, gamification, learning analytics, augmented reality, and Distance learning are new in the field of Educational Technology.

The current research aims to review and analyze the content and citations of Poish quarterly articles in humanities education. The research method, content analysis, and citation that was done using Excel and SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that 77 articles were published in 10 issues of this quarterly magazine, from issue 16 to issue 25, of which 48 article titles were written as a group and the rest were written individually, the total number of citations was 2256, and the average number of citations for each article was 29.30. . Authors' self-citation was 10% and on average 10.45 external citations, 1.1 citations from the site, 12.6 citations from books, 14.93 citations from articles, and 0.74 citations from master's and doctoral theses. 65% of the authors of the articles were men and 35% were women. Also, 42.9% of the authors had the rank of assistant professor. Articles with 1135 citations and books with 972 citations are higher than other sources. Qualitative methods were used more with 64%, and curriculum and philosophy subjects with 16.9% also had the largest range of articles. As a result, paying more attention to internal documents, presenting group and interdisciplinary articles, increasing the quality of the publication, and paying attention to the neglected areas of humanities education such as; Physical education, economics, history, law, and other disciplines can lead to the improvement of the quality of the publication.

The present paper, with a future research approach, identifies the most important challenges affecting the achievement of its goals in educating teachers at Farhangian University and tries to draw its desired perspectives in the time horizon of 1410. This research is based on Delphi methods and structural analysis in terms of nature and has a practical purpose using documentary and survey methods. Also in the present study, through a questionnaire from 17 professors of Farhangian University, the problem was raised. In this framework, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by two methods of content validity as well as structural validity and reliability with the help of Cronbach's alpha (0.967). The research data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and statistical tests, and Mick Mac software was also used for structural analysis of challenges. Findings indicate that among the main challenges, educational, managerial and infrastructure challenges, respectively, and among the sub-challenges, the two variables of attracting efficient teachers and the quality of educational services play a key role among other variables. Based on this, the effects of variables on each other and their effectiveness, as well as variables that have indirect effects and have a lot of potential, were determined and identified. Finally, a comprehensive plan has been drawn in the form of a leading horizon in 1410 in order to use all its capacities to enable the realization of the strategic goals of Farhangian University as a mission-oriented university in the field of education.

Considering the necessity of scientometric research in the growth and development of all sciences, the purpose of this research is to review and analyze the articles related to this field. The research method is descriptive-applied and includes all the articles in the field of future studies of politics that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1999 to 2022. After filtering the articles, 10319 of them were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOS Viewer software to analyze and display the data. The findings of the research show that the number of articles has been increasing since 1999 and 2020 had the largest share in the number of articles. Also, research articles with a number of 9500 articles, social sciences, and medicine with a number of 601 articles were ranked first. Also, 12 clusters were identified that the topics: covid-19, racism, misinformation, crisis communication, analysis of sentiments have diversity, as well as acculturation, leadership, identity, internet, the government were the aforementioned categories of this field and fields such as; Social solidarity, social participation, political trust, international public relations, collective effectiveness, transformative leadership, legitimacy, social vulnerability, human rights, cyberbullying, human capital and discourse analysis were given less attention. As a result, paying attention to new and hot research areas and neglected areas can be studied by researchers and those interested in this field.

Considering the importance of scientometric research in this field, the present research was conducted with the aim of examining and analyzing scientific productions in the field of teacher internship. The research method is descriptive-applied and the research community includes; All articles related to teacher internships that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1998 to 2022. 3899 articles were identified using internship keywords (school, teacher, student, education, teaching, etc.) and after refining them, 1306 articles were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOSviewer software. The findings of the research showed that the number of articles published in this field has been on the rise since 1998, and the year 2021 had the largest share in the number of articles. From among 8 clusters identified, teacher training, higher education, and mentoring had the most links with other categories. Topics such as virtual internship, self-efficacy and maintaining teachers' ability, covid-19, and 21st-century skills were new topics investigated in this field. As a result, conducting more studies with topics related to the conditions of society and more detailed topics can be a way to improve the performance of teachers' internship courses.

Scientometric analysis within the field of ethics education to spot hot spots and analysis gaps is taken into account as a necessity.

The research method is descriptive-applied, and the research area includes all the articles on ethics education that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1999 to 2022, and after filtering them, 24,939 of them were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOS Viewer software for analysis and display of data. The results of the research show that the number of articles has an upward trend and 2021 (1,121) had the largest share in the number of articles. Also, Research articles (8,140), journal of Social Science and Medicine (554), and the scientific field of Social Sciences (5,720) were ranked first.

Ethics, Education, corporate social responsibility, sustainability, culture, qualitative research, covid-19, gender, religion, have the most occurrence. 10 clusters were identified that the topics of informed consent, medical ethics, justice, professionalism, moral educationin are Previous, and also subjects: Covid-19, sustainability, Artificial Intelligence, Resilience, moral distressare, moral disagreement, moral disengagement are new and professional identity, self-efficacy, public interest, transformational leadership, social cognition, beneficence, professional values, fraud, public policy, professionalization, pedagogical issues can be new and independent and maybe it indicates the review attention of the research towards them, in the field of ethics education.

Despite the content and structural challenges, the teaching methods of history teachers are always considered as one of the most important issues of history education, however, a comprehensive solution to solve this problem has not yet been provided by experts in this field. If students do not have a participatory and active role in the history teaching process, education will be boring, pointless and confusing. This is despite the fact that cartoons as a medium for developing humor, critical thinking, logical thinking and enlightening history for students can be considered as one of the most significant tools for teaching history. The purpose of this research is to improve the quality of history teaching and increase students' interaction and participation in history lessons using cartoon media. In this paper, a qualitative and analytical descriptive method has been used, and data collection has been done using a fishing tool. The findings of the article show that cartoons can increase synergy, increase critical thinking, play the role of a complementary tool, increase self-confidence, increase students' peace and confidence, provide entertainment, increase creativity, increase the objectivity of history, and increase the durability of learning. Solve some of the upcoming challenges in history education. Based on this, the design of specialized courses for history students, the revision of history textbooks, and the need to design educational-historical cartoons are suggested.

Evaluating the performance of a happy educational media from the students' point of view as the main audience of e-learning can provide the necessary context for presenting appropriate educational strategies not only during the coronation period but also after it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of happy educational media in social studies courses from the perspective of students. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Zanjan junior high schools in the amount of 5983 people. The statistical sample size was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table of 361 people and the members of the statistical sample were selected using simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was used to collect the required data. This questionnaire included 7 dimensions: grade point average, students 'motivational states, desirability of educational content, management and educational coordination of academic courses, educational performance and students' satisfaction with being practical. Content validity method was used to perform the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate the reliability.Research data were analyzed using Wilcoxon, Friedman and t-test samples and SPSS statistical software. Findings indicate that the statistical population studied had a lower grade point average in social studies and did not have favorable opinions about the effectiveness of happy media in history and civics courses and considered happy media as medium and in need of increasing progress. The basis of strengthening the quality of content and happy software features.

Introduction: 

Creativity is one of the most important cognitive components, which is important to pay attention to in the educational process, especially in the elementary period.

Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of various educational games on the development of students' creativity.

It was a review type and databases of Nurmagz, comprehensive portal of humanities, scientific information center of academic jihad, Civilica, Alamnet, Mogiran, etc. were checked using research keywords and 19 related articles were published from 1390 to 1400 were selected and examined.

84% of the articles have proven the positive effect of play on the creativity of primary school children, 5% of the articles showed a negative effect and 11% did not show a significant effect between play and creativity. Also, 29 percent of the studies showed the effect of computer games on general creativity/abstract thinking/cognitive load/flexibility and fluidity/academic progress. Computer action games / computer game creation / medium game hours / imagination / pretend play / storytelling / poetry has a 9% effect on creativity and creative games of the center of intellectual cultivation / plant cultivation and games / comprehension, linear and combined games / based on the Taba curriculum / Role-playing games/ creativity-based play therapy/ geometric educational games had a 5% effect on creativity. Most of the articles pay attention to computer games and the impact of games such as: climbing games, running, singing, outdoor and nature games, business games, games with effective strategies, conditioned games, serious games Role-playing has been neglected.As a result, the use of educational games can increase the creativity of students, and it is important to pay attention to the neglected aspects in researches.

Stanisław Adam Jaśkowski is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the University of Warsaw, who received his Ph.D. His research topics focus on the modern history of Iran. Parcham Magazine has a unique place among Kasravi magazines and has a completely ideological approach that has been published in important periods of Iranian history; On the one hand, Reza Shah's government had just ended and hopes had been raised for the restoration of freedom of expression in the country, and on the other hand, restrictions on the publication of magazines had been tightened. All of these factors, along with Jaśkowski's familiarity with Iranian history and culture, prompted him to write a book about Kasravi's flag magazine. Ivan J. Siegel, , as a researcher, has written review articles to encourage readers to read the book. The translator's effort is to provide a correct and at the same time scientific translation for the readers of this writing.

Subjective well-being is a multi-dimensional construct that is accompanied by having positive affect experiences, life satisfaction, and awareness of happiness, It should also show the absence of negative affect expressions. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate a novel model of subjective well-being and performance of Wushu athletes based on the behavior of coaches.
This grounded theory research was done on 15 Wushu players as participants, five Wushu instructors, and three sports psychologists at the level of sports clubs of Kurdistan Province. The sampling was purposeful and it continued until data saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and recordings. The accuracy of data was analyzed by Lincoln and Guba criteria and data were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method.
This study shows that instructors’ behavior is composed of seven sub-categories including (behavioral compatibility with athletes, close relationship with sportsmen or sportswomen, complement to being athletes, transparency and openness to criticism, emotional support, peacefulness, and leadership behavior). Subjective well-being is composed of four sub-categories of (self-confidence, professional satisfaction, peacefulness, and self-esteem). Also, athletic performance was composed of three sub-categories as follows: (improving the quality of professional life, professional commitment, and professional development).    
The result of this study shows that instructors’ behavior can influence the Subjective well-being and athletic performance of Wushu players directly. Also, the components of Subjective well-being and athletic performance have a mutual cause-effect relationship.

Due to the formation of some theories explaining the revolution in specific social conditions, some of these theories are unable to answer the reason for the revolution and explain it precisely. Considering that four decades have passed since the Islamic revolution as one of the most important phenomena of the 20th century, the causes and factors and explanatory approaches of this revolution are still discussed among many experts. Accordingly, in the present study, the psychological explanation as one of the existing explanations that includes the theories of suppression of instincts, increasing expectations and relative deprivation is examined in the form of a theoretical framework, and it is measured, evaluated and criticized in the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Based on this, the main question of the article is whether psychological explanations are capable of analyzing the Islamic revolution. After applying the aforementioned theories based on descriptive and analytical qualitative method and using the fishing tool, the findings of the article show that based on the common implications, the most important causes of the ineffectiveness of psychological explanation in fully explaining the causes of the Islamic revolution can be mentioned as follows: Inattention to cultural approaches, lack of attention to the social and political structure of Iranian society and the leadership role of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA).

The present research was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the factors affecting the effectiveness of internship courses in Farhangian University. The method of this research was quantitative and its statistical population included graduates of Farhangian University campuses in Alborz province, 250 of whom were selected as a statistical sample. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and they were analyzed using a one-sample t-test. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by two methods of content validity as well as construct validity and its reliability was estimated with Cronbach's alpha (0.989). The findings of the research showed that according to the priority of the factors; Educational characteristics (3.44), individual characteristics (3.38), communication (3.2), organizational characteristics (2.54) and target schools (2.45) had an effect on the effectiveness of the internship course, and among all the factors, the memorandum of understanding, individual characteristics of the intern, guidance teacher and the professor had the highest average. As a result, in order to increase the effectiveness of internship courses in Farhangian University, paying attention to these factors based on the presented prioritization can be helpful.

This article aims to analysis the topics, findings and suggestions presented and neglected areas of research in education and citizenship education in Iran. The current research is of a Meta-analysis type and based on it, Normagz databases, Comprehensive Humanities Portal, SID, Civilica, Elmnet, Magiran using the keywords: "citizenship education", "curriculum objectives", " Desirable citizen", "components of citizenship", "citizenship education" were searched. All journal articles published from 2002 to 2021 were reviewed and by applying filters, 23 relevant articles were selected and analyzed in the title, objectives and findings of the research. After studying and evaluating the content of the articles, the findings and suggestions presented by them were reviewed and analyzed. The findings of the research showed that the tasks and goals of the education system in citizenship education need to be reconsidered. There is no balance between the content dedicated to the topic of citizenship and other content in textbooks, and the existing content lacks sufficient usefulness and is not attractive from the audience's point of view. Some aspects of citizenship education have been neglected and according to the current conditions, the coordination between the content and the needs of today's audience needs to be taken into consideration. It is also important to pay attention to the components of media literacy and technology in citizenship education as well as e-citizen education. As a result, it is necessary to seriously review the attractiveness, quality and quantity of content and various aspects of citizenship education in Iran's curriculum.

Many experts know Napoleon as a great strategist and military genius of human history. He was able to conquer all of Europe and draw the attention of the world to his war campaigns. His campaigns influenced the foundation of military education in the world and many military thinkers are still inspired by his strategies. Based on this, many researches are done every year, but unfortunately, many different aspects of his fighting method are neglected, which makes the need for research to introduce and analyze it essential. The aim of the current research is to analyze Napoleon's military strategy in the three dimensions of infantry, cavalry and artillery between 1800 and 1815, that is, during the period of military prosperity in major battles. Based on this, the method of this writing is descriptive and analytical, which uses library resources and internet sites as the main source. The findings of the research show that 1. Napoleon's strategy can be placed in three general categories: field, mental-psychological, and logistics, each of which has several sub-branches, and 2. Napoleon used each of his strategies to win the war. He has used it accordingly, but in general, he has had a flexible war method, however, a number of his mistakes were identified to explain his strategy more precisely.

Current investigation was performed to study the effect of Propylthiouracil on immune cell count and antibody production in Ross 308 broiler breeder roosters with a total of 66 birds in complete randomized design during primary and booster vaccination. The birds were randomly allocated in two experimental groups including replication in each. All chickens were reared in the same condition according to the breeder's management guide for entire 18-wk duration (control group) or up to the point of dietary treatment with Propylthiouracil (0.1% w: w) for 6 weeks through 6 to 12 wk of age (Hypothyroidism group). Birds of both experimental groups were vaccinated at age 9 and 15 wk with using of Bronchitis vaccine Nobilis 4/91 (Intervet, Netherland) in drinking water and then were bled at age 12 and 18 wk. Consumption of Propylthiouracil decrease serum thyroxin (tetraiodothyronine), triiodothyronine and production of antibody hypothyroid group versus control group at age of 12 wk (P<0.05) but there were no differences between experiential groups at age 18 wk (P>0.05). Study of total cell count showed induction of hypothyroidism lead to lower total white cell count and percentage of lymphocyte cell in hypothyroid group versus control group after primary vaccination at age of 12 wk (P<0.05) but there were not significant difference between both experimental group following booster vaccination at age 18 wk (P>0.05). It seems supplementation of feed with Propyl-2-thiouracil and consequent hypothyroidism leads to higher immune response while populations of blood cells had decreased.

Considering the position of scientometric researches in different scientific fields, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing articles related to the professional development of teachers. The descriptive-applied research method and the research area included all the articles on the professional development of teachers that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1998 to 2022, after filtering the related articles of 2382 of them with Excel and V software. She. S. Weaver was analyzed. The findings of the research showed that the publication of articles in this field had an upward trend and was the most frequent in 2021. Also, research articles with 2071 works and teaching and teacher training magazine with 710 works were ranked first. Key words: professional development, teacher training, teaching improvement, teacher development, teachers, educational issues were the most frequent and co-occurring. Next, 8 clusters and 1883 links were identified, the first cluster had 38 subject categories and 603 links, and literacy and motivation category with 36 links had the most links with other members of the network. Clusters of online education, student engagement, self-efficacy, teacher expertise, coaching, new skills, social media, computational thinking, distance education, information literacy, robotics, data science, problem-based education, teacher awareness, rural teachers, virtual teaching And the training with the help of a trainer has a variety, and also teacher training, educational strategies, higher education and training were the most influential topics in this field. As a result, conducting research with new topics in the field of professional development of teachers can be effective in advancing the goals of teacher training.