فهرست مطالب amirhasan omidi

The present study was conducted to compare the genetic diversity of 158 foreign and iranian safflower genotypes with six Iranian safflower cultivars.

The experiment was carried out in the Augment design with three replications during the 2017-17 at Zahak Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in Zabol county.

In principal components analysis (PCA), the first component was named grain yield and dry matter and the second component was named phenology. Based on the results of biplot, genotypes were classified into four groups. The first group includes late matutity and tall genotypes, the second group includes genotypes with high grain yield and harvest index (HI), the third group includes late matutity genotypes with low grain yield and the fourth group includes early matutity genotypes with lowest grain yield and HI. Genotype No. 100 with unknown origin (6044 kg.ha-1) had the highest grain yield and genotypes No. 153 (Mexico), 169 (Mexico), 134 (North Korea), 122 (Poland), 124 (unknown), 130 (unknown) and 131 (North Korea) had high grain yield. The orthogonal comparison of 20 Iranian genotypes versus 138 foreign genotypes showed that no difference was observed for plant height, but in terms of grain yield, biomass and harvest index, foreign genotypes were significantly higher than Iranian genotypes.

Genetic diversity by different statistical analyzes was well able to differentiate safflower genotypes and can be used from grouping obtained from statistical methods for select appropriate parents genotypes in safflower breeding programs.

In this study, the genetic diversity of 122 safflower genotypes from the institute of plant genetics and crop plant research (IPK) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were evaluated and their agronomic characteristics were compared with five Iranian Safflower cultivars. This experiment was conducted at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute using a Augmented with randomized complete block design in Karaj during 2017-2018 year. The results indicated high genetic variation in the germplasm. Among safflower genotypes, 36 genotypes without thistle, 81 genotypes with thorns and 10 genotypes with few thistle were observed. Principal component analysis led to the identification of three main components that accounted for 56.5% of the total varition. The first and second components accounted for 29.5% and 15.9% of the total variation, respectively. The first and second components were named as a yield components and phenology and plant architecture, respectively. Safflower genotypes divided into four groups by principal components analysis (PCA). Genotypes in the first groups had the higher grain yield than others. Genotype No. 70 with the highest grain yield (5667 kg.ha-1) was placed in this group. Numerical values of yield components such as 1000-seed weight, number of heads and number of seeds per plant in the third group were higher than other groups. Generally, german genotype No. 70 with high yield and genotype No. 45 with early flowering can be used in safflower breeding programs.

The present research was done in order to evaluate the agronomical characteristics and to select drought tolerant safflower fall genotypes for cultivation in saline and marginal lands. The experiment was carried out in the East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center with saline soil (6.7 dS m-1), during 2017-18 cropping season. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental factors included drought stress with two levels: non-stressed and drought stress from flowering stage to maturity and safflower varieties and lines in 15 levels. The results indicated that drought from flowering stage by decreasing grain number per capitulum and 1000-seeds weight, significantly decreased the grain and oil yields in fall genotypes of safflower. It is concluded that drought stress diminished the seed and oil yields by decreasing grain number in capitulum and 1000-seeds weight. Significant differences were seen among genotypes in these portions of seed yield. The results of grouping genotypes by cluster analysis and ward method, located them in two low (Parnian, K.H.Y.23 and K.M.S.56) and high (other genotypes) yielding groups. The highest amounts seed and oil yields belonged to Mexico189, K.H.Y.2, K.M.S.38, Golemehr and Mexico295 in drought stress and non-stressed conditions. It seems that these genotypes could be used to cultivate in marginal and saline lands with similar climate to experimental location (semi-arid and cold climate according to Koppen climatic classification system).

Phytophthora root and crown rot of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is regarded as one of the main soilborn diseases of this crop in Iran. Sampling and isolating of the causal agent was performed from farms in Ghazvin, Karaj and Isfahan. A frequently isolated oomycete called Phytophthora drechsleri was determined as the major pathogen of the disease. Twenty different genotypes of safflower were inoculated in mature and seedling stages using three different methods. Hypocotyls and cotyledons of 10-days seedlings were inoculated by putting a small disk of freshly prepared mycelial mat of pathogen. The results of two inoculation methods suggested that cultivars and lines including Gol sefid-e-Esfahan and KW10 in the hypocotyle method and local Ajabshir line in the second method of cotyledon inoculation had the highest level of tolerance to the pathogen. Results of detached leaf method indicated that the lines local Ajabshir, KW6, Golsefid Esfahan, Varamin295 and Zarghan279 have the highest level of tolerance to disease, respectively. The results suggest that local Iranian lines should have higher level of tolerance to the disease.