ayat moradipour

Carvacrol is a natural monoterpene phenolic compound that has biological activities with therapeutic applications, and this study aimed to investigate the apoptotic effect of Carvacrol on the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.

After the preparation and cultivation of MDA-MB-231 cells, the IC50 value of Carvacrol on the cells was evaluated by the MTT assay method, and then the induction of apoptosis in the cell line treated with different concentrations of Carvacrol was observed by DAPI staining. The qPCR method was used to check the expression levels of Bax, P53, and Bcl-2 genes at the mRNA level. The results were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9 software.

The results showed that the cytotoxicity of Carvacrol against MDA-MB-231 cancer cells was dose-dependent at 24 (P=0.034) and 48 (P=0.041) hours. The IC50 of Carvacrol at 48 h was 154.2 μM. The MDA-MB-231 cells treated with Carvacrol showed induction of apoptosis from the mitochondrial pathway by increasing the expression of P53 and BAX genes and decreasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells with dense DNA increased significantly in the Carvacrol treatment group (P=0.001).

This study showed that treatment of the MDA-MB-231 cell line with Carvacrol can inhibit its growth and proliferation through the induction of apoptosis from the BAX/BCL-2 pathway. Considering the significant inhibitory effect of the treatment of cells with the Carvacrol compound, it seems that there is a suitable research field for using this compound in the control and treatment of breast cancer.

The high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection worldwide, especially in developing countries, and its role in gastric malignancies and the emergence of antibiotic resistance have led to proposing the different treatment and prevention methods against infection. HP associated GlmM gene is coding for Phosphoglucosamine mutase that considered for molecular detection of HP.

In this case-control study, blood and stool samples were obtained from studied population and the titers of IgG & IgA were measured by ELISA kits. DNA was extracted from stool samples and PCR was used to detect glmM gene. The results were analyzed by SPSS software.

In initial study regarding of antibodies level in the blood serum, 86% of the subjects in the group showed antimicrobial IgA and IgG at the same time, while in the control group this amount was 59.9%. The results of PCR showed that in the case group, 20 out of 42 cases had glmM gene and in the control group there was no positive sample for this gene.

In this attempt, we tried to find a linkage between HP-associated virulence glmM gene and antibodies concentration through which probability of developing acute and severe state of disease in infected patients. The PCR and Ab titers associated results showed no significant relation between glmM gene of HP originated stool sample and serum concentration of IgG and IgA in patients who suffered from HP infection.

One of the most common genes in Helicobacter pylori is glmM which is usually used for identification of infection with the bacterium within gastric biopsy specimens by PCR, as a target gene. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rate of glmM gene in DNA samples of stool and evaluate its relationship with the fluctuations of serum levels of TNF-α and IL- 1β.
In this study, blood and stool samples were collected from 82 subjects in two groups with positive and negative HPSA test referred to laboratories of Ilam, Iran. PCR was used to investigate the presence of glmM gene in DNA extracted from stool samples, and then serum levels of studied cytokines were measured using specific kits by ELISA, and the results were analyzed using statistical tests.
Findings: Analysis of data obtained from the study showed that the frequency of glmM gene in the sample of cases with positive HPSA was 23.8%, and there was a significant relationship between the presence of this gene in stool and fluctuations in serum levels of TNF-α and IL- 1β (P Disussion & According to data, it can be said that the presence of glmM gene was associated with fluctuations in any of the variables of HPSA, TNF-α and IL- 1β and the possible presence of the gene in the stool raises with increase in each unit of HPSA and IL- 1β, which in turn raises the prognosis of diseases with a virulence form of bacteria by both serology and stool methods.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is a bacterium responsible for upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. The 16s rRNA is a common H. pylori gene which are usually preferred for diagnosis purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and abundance of 16s rRNA in fecal samples and also evaluate correlation between the level of 16s rRNA and activities of the cytokines, TNF-&alpha and IL-1&beta, in serum.

The present study was performed on 84 subjects with digestion problems. Fecal and blood samples were collected and 16s rRNA gene was assayed using PCR. The serum levels of TNF-&alpha and IL-1&beta levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The results of the study revealed that there was a positive correlation between the 16s rRNA gene, H. pylori stool antigen (HPSA) and TNF-&alpha cytokine. The study also noted that with every unit of increase in either of the quantified parameters of HPSA and IL-1&beta, the presence of 16s rRNA in fecal samples, showed a 2.98 and 1.01 times rise, respectively.

According to the obtained results, it may be concluded that activities of cytokine TNF-a correlated well with the presence of HPSA and 16srRNA gene in the stomach’s lining. Increase in the activities of HPSA and TNF-a cytokine could be associated with the presence of 16s rRNA in feces.