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Deficit of rainfall and consequently, water scarcity is one of the most important problems in arid and semi-arid areas. Water collecting structures have a positive effect on light textured lands due to deposition of clay and organic matter, as well as controlling the floods will enhance the vegetation (Abdollahi et al., 2015). Water Collection in order to store surface water runoff, especially during periods where water availability is limited, is an appropriate option in dry areas (Nazarian and Najafinejad, 2015). Due to the numerous criteria and indicators (such as geomorphology, climate, soil, vegetation etc.) in choosing the type of efficient operation and the most suitable areas for their design and implementation, it is practically difficult to select the correct operation with the expected accuracy (Mia and Skumann 2007); Therefore, one of the most important and essential steps in the application of rainwater collection systems is to identify suitable sites for the implementation of these projects.
A general overview of resources shows that collecting and storing rain water in arid areas is one of the best techniques for managing and using rainwater and it is a suitable method to provide the required water in arid and semi-arid areas. Rain water collection requires a spatial assessment and hydrological studies of surface and ground water (Nazarian et al. 2015). The main purpose of this research is to determine the most important criteria for locating suitable areas for rainwater harvesting as well as mapping these locations. In this research, based on the results of completed questionnaires from experts, as well as by referring to the research background in this field, to select appropriate areas for collecting water, slope criteria, rainfall, vegetation, salinity, soil texture and Geomorphology were considered as main criterias. Layers were classified in the ArcGIS software. For weighting the criteria, using the AHP technique, matrixes of paired comparisons were created and using the expert opinion, the value of each criterion was determined and the results were entered into the Super Decision software. Land suitability map was made by combining layers. and the map was compared with the Boolean map. In order to verify the accuracy of the results, Land suitability map was compared with a map of successful and unsuccessful executives' work in the. The final suitability map was obtained as follows. The map is divided into four classes, perfectly suitable, appropriate, slightly suitable and very inappropriate. the area of each of these categories listed in Table 1.
تناسب نهایی
Figure (1): Final suitability map

Tabel (1): Area of each category of suitability
Area (ha) Present area
inappropriate 53154 31
very inappropriate 18288 10.7
slightly suitable 47474 27.7
appropriate 38144 22.3
perfectly suitable 14324 8.3
Comparison of implemented projects in the region with modeling shows that 67.5% of the successful structures are in perfectly suitable range, while unsuccessful structures do not have any overlaps with a perfectly suitable range. In this research, using AHP, areas were zoned for the implementation of rainwater harvesting projects. The results showed that among the used criteria, the highest score was attributed to rainfall. While this criterion had the lowest value in the study conducted by Yousefi et al. (2015). The reason for this difference can be due to experts' experience of unsuccessful structures in the region. Nevertheless, the results of Ali Kasi (2010) and Al-Adamat (2010) regarding the rainfall criterion are consistent with the present research. After rainfall, the criteria for gradient and salinity were the highest scores respectively. The results showed that slopes of 3 to 8 percent achieved the highest score. The results of this study are consistent with the results of Bulcock et al. (2013) and Akbarpour et al. (2015).
Vegetation, soil texture and geomorphology criteria were ranked in subsequent grades, respectively. Places with less vegetation require more attention in terms of providing moisture and increasing coverage. This is in line with the results of Zarrin Abadi and Vaezi (2016). Medium to semi-heavy soil texture has a better suitability for rain water collection. Results showed that, sandy clay loam texture had had the highest score among the sub-criteria. This texture appears mainly in the northern parts of the region, and the results of Akbarpour et al. (2015) confirmed this result.
Between geomorphology criteria Epandage pediments had the highest score due to suitable slope and grading.
The important point is that overlapping information in the GIS without analyzing and performing multi-criteria evaluation operations cannot provide the right planning and decision. Also, when different factors interfere in decision making, their priorities and weights should be determined. Results of modeling in this research is consistent with the results of Ali Khasi (2010), Yousefi et al. (2015), Gohari (2015), Ketsela (2009) and Singh et al. (2017).

  Taking into consideration the high impact of Diabetes Mellitus type II (DM II) on human's health, identification of risk factors to prevent its development seems essential. Further studies are needed to ensure the positive role of uric acid in the onset of diabetes. This study targeted at investigating the attributed risk of hyperuricemia for the onset of DM II. In the present study, 1641 non-diabetic people, selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling, were followed up for 10 years (2006 - 2016). During the study, data on the variables of the study were collected and entered in SPSS 16 which was used to analyze the data. To calculate the attributions of hyperuricemia in the risk of developing diabetes, Levin's formulas and attributable risk related to the prevalence of exposure during these ten years were used. Findings showed that 54.8% of people with hyperuricemia suffered from DM II., whereas 28.2% of people with normal uric acid level developed diabetes. The Attributable Risk (AR) of hyperuricemia and 75th percentile of serum uric acid for DM II were calculated by the weighted attributable risk formula which was 3.6 % and 24.2 %, respectively. With the treatment of high uric acid, the probability of the incidence of diabetes in hyperuricemia patients was reduced to 24.2% over a 10-year period. In this study, there was a significant correlation between high uric acid level and the risk of diabetes. Therefore, necessary measurements should be taken to treat the hyperuricemia patients in order to prevent the incidence of diabetes caused by high blood acid uric.

Diabetes is an important metabolic disease with myriad manifestations and complications, affecting many people. Cutaneous infections impact numerous diabetic patients. Among different bacterial infections in diabetic patients, the infections caused by mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) eventuate in complications owing to the paucity of accurate detection methods. The articles reporting nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in cutaneous infections of diabetic patients, published until the end of 2017 were assessed in the present research. The organisms reported from cutaneous infections of diabetic patients are Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium immunogenum, Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium fortuitum. NTM infection, along with prolonged disease cycle, decelerates the healing process in diabetic patients. Considering NTM during infection diagnosis, along with other possible opportunistic bacteria, conduces to accelerating the treatment process. In most cases, clarithromycin and erythromycin have been reported as effective alternatives for the treatment of diabetic patients.

Background The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and emotional intelligence/social adjustment of female high school students in Bafq, Iran.
Materials & Methods This study used a descriptive correlational methodology. The study population consisted of all 700 students of Bafq, from them a total of 250 students were chosen based on Morgan table and through a multistep clustering sampling method. Shoot's (1998) questionnaire of emotional intelligence, Ahqar's (2006) questionnaire of social adjustment, and Hazen & Shaver (1987) questionnaire of adult attachment were used for data collection.
Results Results showed that, by having student's avoidant attachment, one can predict 0.254 and 0.379 of their emotional intelligence (P0.05).
Conclusion In order to establish a secure attachment style, and building social relationships and adaptation to challenging and stressful situations, it is recommended to have the emotional intelligence construct.

Dear editor,
I read with interest article that published entitled *Isolation and identification of bioactive compound producing Rhodococcus spp. isolated from soil samples {IJMCM/5(1) (2015) 463-468}* [1]. Some of the genus such as Nocardia, Gordonia, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus are in actinomycete family and they are Gram-positive and partially acid-fast. Rhodococcus species usually stain Gram-positive. Cells form as cocci or short rods which grow in length, and may form an extensively branched vegetative mycelium which may fragment. Microscopic aerial hyphae and spores are not usually produced. They are also non-motile. They are usually partially acid-fast due to the mycolic acid in their cell walls. Colonies of other rhodococci may be rough, smooth or mucoid and pigmented cream, buff, yellow, coral, orange or red. Although biochemical tests help to distinguish Rhodococcus from other organisms, differentiation from other aerobic actinomycetes can be difficult. Colonial and cell morphology cannot be used to distinguish among Rhodococcus, Gordonia and Tsukamurella species. I listed some of phenotypic characterization of Nocardia, Gordonia, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus and Corynebacterioum in table 1 [2-9] and showed phenotypic tests such as microscopic examination, Gram and acid-fast staining, catalase, oxidase and motility tests that used by Aghaei et al is insufficient for the genus Rhodococcus confirmation. In literature, results of phenotypic tests are ambiguous for Rhodococcus identification and cannot distinguish the genus Gordonia of Rhodococcus [10]. Authors do not explain about phenotypic tests results in this article and results are equivocal.

The production of ?-lactamase enzymes is the main mechanism of resistance to ?-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacilli. Therefore, it is important to identify the ?-lactamases-producing bacteria for the treatment of caused infections. This article aimed to review the recent literature and guidelines regarding phenotypic detection of ?-lactamases in common gram-negative bacilli in clinical samples.

Nocardia asteroides is gram-positive, partially acid-fast, aerobic actinomycetes which cause a wide range of skin infections, and pulmonary, cerebral, and ocular infection.
A 60-year-old man with diabetes presented with ocular ulcers in 2015. Through the medical records evaluation, physical examination, and biochemical evaluation of the patient, Nocardia asteroides complex was identified as the cause of infection. The patient was treated with amikacin and ciprofloxacin, and recovery was obtained and the patient was placed on the waiting list for corneal transplantation.
Diagnosis of keratitis caused by Nocardia asteroides is difficult and it may be misdiagnosed due similarities with keratitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Therefore, suitable diagnosis methods and early diagnosis of ocular nocardiosis are necessary. In the present study, Nocardia asteroides complex was isolated from a corneal ulceration.

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are used to control pests, however they can reach the food chain and enter the human body causing serious health problems by means of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and oxidative stress (OS). Among the OPs, chlorpyrifos (CHP), malathion (MAL), and diazinon (DIA) are commonly used for commercial extermination purposes, in addition to veterinary practices, domestic, agriculture and public health applications. Two new recently registered medicines that contain selenium and other antioxidants, IMOD and angipars (ANG), have shown beneficial effects for OS related disorders. This study examines the effect of selenium-based medicines on toxicity of three common OP compounds in erythrocytes. In the present experimental study, we determined the efficacy of IMOD and ANG on OS induced by three mentioned OP pesticides in human erythrocytes in vitro. After dose-response studies, AChE, lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant power (TAP) and total thiol molecules (TTM) were measured in erythrocytes after exposure to OPs alone and in combined treatment with IMOD or ANG. AChE activity, TAP and TTM reduced in erythrocytes exposed to CHP, MAL and DIA while they were restored in the presence of ANG and IMOD. ANG and IMOD reduced the OPs-induced elevation of LPO. The present study shows the positive effects of IMOD and ANG in reduction of OS and restoration of AChE inhibition induced by CHP, MAL and DIA in erythrocytes in vitro.

Social determinant of health (SDH) are different from medical care and services. These factors themselves are affected by social policies, and they influence health more than medical care and services do. Due to the importance of chronic non-communicable diseases especially diabetes in Yazd, and assuming the effect of SDH, the present study was conducted in order to examine the relationship between diabetes control and SDH.
This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population were diabetic patients who has referred to diabetes center of Yazd. Sampling method was systematic random selection. The study inclusion criteria was type II diabetes, and exclusion criteria were gestational diabetes, type I diabetes, lack of inclination to participate in the study, lack of access to the patient, death, and immigration from Yazd. In order to examine the SDH more precisely, a combined variable labeled “socioeconomic position (SEP)” including the patient’s place of residence and job was created.
Totally 511 type II diabetes patients were studied; 288 women (56.4%) and 223 men (43.6%). The mean age of participants was 56.68 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 10.566. Among patients 119 patients (23.3%) reported tobacco consumption. (Table 1) Out of the sample, 223 men whose mean (±SD) HbA1c was 8.6284±1.87 and 288 women whose mean (±SD) HbA1c was 8.6269±1.69 were reported to have no significant difference in terms of their gender and hemoglobin number (P-value=0.922). There were significant difference in HbA1c mean between different groups and SEP.
It can be concluded that the role of social factors and also psychological and mental criteria in understanding the risk of chronic disease and health is due to the negative effects of economic and collective factors, and that the highest level of physical and mental risks is among patients who have experienced hard conditions over time.

Oral health problems comprise a significant negative influence on the quality of life among the affected individuals. Recent concerns about the correlation between poor oral hygiene and subsequent tooth loss, and the risk of oral cancer incidence have introduced a new field of study with regards to the community health. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between total antioxidant capacity of unstimulated whole saliva and the number of missing teeth. Ninety patients of Shahid-Sadoughi dental clinic, with the age rane of 30 to 49 years, volunteered to participate into this study. Their missed teeth were counted and samples of unstimulated whole saliva were obtained from all cases. The scores of total antioxidant capacity of saliva samples and missing teeth were statistically analyzed. According to ANOVA test, the tow measured indexes showed a negative and statistically meaningful correlation to each other (r=0.337, P=0.001) Tooth loss can lead to reduced total antioxidant capacity of saliva that may subsequently result in increased risk of some diseases, such as oral cancer.

The genus Nocardia, are partially acid-fast, Gram-positive and catalase-positive bacteria that are not normal flora in human and animals. Accurate identification of Nocardia species is important for treatment planning and epidemiology research. To date, the molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction sequencing are used for accurate and rapid identification of Nocardia species.

Nocardia are Gram-positive، aerobic and partially acid-fast and cause dangerous infectious disease، nocardiosis، by entering the respiratory tract or damaged skin. In this study، we used various biochemical tests for identificating Nocardia species in soil samples of the city of Tehran، Iran. After isolation of Nocardia using paraffin baiting method، for detection and identification of various species، some phenotypic tests including growth in lysozyme broth، hydrolysis of amino acids such as hypoxanthine، xanthine، tyrosine، casein، gelatin and urea، production of nitrate reductase، growth at 35 °C and 45 °C، and utilization of some carbohydrates were used. The analysis of phenotypic tests presented that 12 isolates of Nocardia asteroides (63. 15%)، 5 isolates of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (26. 31%)، and 1 isolate of Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (5. 26%) were identified. Only 1 isolate (5. 26%) remained undetected after phenotypic tests. In this study، several Nocardia species isolated from the soil samples of Tehran which were phenotypically similar to the well-known species. However، further identification tests are required to confirm the heterogeneity of the isolates and to identify the exact phenotype and genotype of the Nocardia species.

In this paper the secrecy problem in the cognitive state-dependent interference channel is considered. In this scenario we have a primary and a cognitive transmitter-receiver pairs. The cognitive transmitter has the message of the primary sender as side information. In addition, the state of the channel is known at the cognitive encoder. Hence, the cognitive encoder uses this side information to cooperate with the primary transmitter. The message of the cognitive encoder must be secret at the primary receiver, i.e., the primary receiver act as an eavesdropper for the cognitive transmitter. An achievable rate region and an outer bound on the rate region in this channel are derived. The results are extended to the previous works as special cases.

Acute preparation for agility and power should contain an optimal warm-up which includes stretching movements. Researchers reported that static stretching (SS) deteriorates performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effects of applying static and dynamic stretching in a pre-exercise warm-up on the power and agility of the university soccer players. Nineteen university soccer players (height: 173.37 ± 7.64 m; mass: 68.12 ± 8.69 kg; age: 25.00 ± 4.56 years) were tested for agility and power using the Illinois agility test and vertical jump test respectively after different warm-up protocols: Static stretching (SS), dynamic stretching on standing position (DS), dynamic exercise combined with galloping motions (DE), and no stretching (NS). There were significant increases in vertical jump records after DS (50.37 ± 5.23 cm) compared to SS (47.31 ± 5.36 cm) and NS (48.02 ± 3.62 cm) (p < 0.002 and p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, there were significant decreases in agility time after DS (16.65 ± 0.54 s) as compared to SS (17.21 ± 0.64 s) and NS (16.97 ± 0.85 s) (p < 0.019 and p < 0.031, respectively). Discussion and It seems that DS improves fitness performance due to it higher post activation potentiation while SS impairs performance because of reducing muscle stiffness. Therefore, we concluded that university soccer players would probably enjoy better agility and power performances after DS. It is also possible that with more DE training they could adapt their bodies to this type of stretching and make use of its advantages.

the reduction agent. Pellets of barite ore containing about 95% BaSO temperature, time, ore grain size and the type and grain size of the carbon materials. Graphite, coke and charcoal have been used as the reducing agent and the reduction experiments have been performed in the temperature range of 925-1150 °C. Apart from conducting the experiments using pellets made of ore powder, kinetic analysis of the experimental data by use of the reduced (dimensionless) time method has been another unique feature of the present study.Experimental results show that grain size of either carbon material or barite ore has not appreciable effect on the reaction rate. Kinetic analysis of the experimental data revealed the rate is strongly controlled by the chemical reaction of carbon gasification (Boudouard reaction). The reaction rate is very considerably related to the type of carbon material so that the activation energy varies from 15.6 kcal.mol kcal.mol gasification.The present study deals with the reduction of barium sulfate (Barite) to barium sulfide by use of carbon as4 has been reduced under different conditions of-1 for charcoal to 26.3 kcal.mol-1 for graphite and 20.8-1for coke. This behavior provides further support for the postulated reaction mechanism, i.e., carbon

Because of being adjacent to the world’s biggest drug producers on the eastern borderline, being located on the cheap transit path of drugs, and insisting on certain ideological positions providing national security in Iran is affected by drug smuggling. The present research aims at determining the impact of drug smuggling on various dimensions of I. R. Iran’s national security-political, economic, social and cultural dimensions.

The present research is conducted through documented and survey method and through using note–taking and questionnaire. Validity of the self-made questionnaire is proved by Cronbach’s Alpha formula (α=0.88); in addition the hypotheses of the research were tested by χ2 Test. The statistical population includes President’s Office Anti-narcotics HQs staff in 2009.

Analysis of the collected data, confirms the relationship between drug smuggling and Iran’s national security. The four hypotheses of the research based on negative impressionability of political, social, cultural and economic dimensions of national security by drug smuggling is confirmed (95%).

Drug smuggling had the most negative impact on cultural aspect of security through preventing human development while it had the least negative impacts on economic security, which is crystallized in increasing policing –legal costs. The negative impact of drug smuggling in terms of social aspect emerges through crime rate increase; and in terms of politics blemishes the political credit of the system in the region, as well as international system.

Chain pillars are placed between two adjacent panels in mechanized longwall mining. These pillars have different load distribution comparing with the other kind of pillars in various mining methods. Estimation of load and its distribution on chain pillars are very important from designing point of view. Empirical and traditional methods have some limitations for load prediction and its distribution. So in this study by using of Mohr-Coulomb strain softening failure model of FLAC3D software, the load and its distribution on the chain pillars were estimated. As a result, based on Tabas coal mine conditions, it can be concluded that the maximum load distribution will happened at 4 to 5 meter distance from the first edge of pillar while the face is 20 meter after from there.

has been investigated. It has been shown that the mechanism of leaching reaction is diffusion through the product layer and does not undergo any change as a result of mechanical activation in a wide range of experimental conditions.Leaching rate is strongly influenced by milling intensity and the effect of ball to powder mass ratio is stronger than milling time. Curve fitting of experimental data shows that leaching rate constant is approximately a linear function of ball to powder mass ratio, while it obeys a power function with regard to the milling time.The kinetics of chalcopyrite leaching in a ferric sulfate media for raw and mechanically activated samples

the changes of BET surface area of a mineral substance during intensive grinding process. Validity of the proposed model was tested by the experiments performed using a natural chalcopyrite mineral as well as the published data. It was shown that the model can predict the experimental results with a very good accuracy and can be used to predict what may happen under the similar experimental conditions. Based on experimental observations، a model has been developed to describe the effect of grinding time on

The electrochemical process of cuprous oxide production is by the anodic dissolution of copper in an alkaline concentrated sodium chloride solution. The initial chloride in the electrolyte cell provides a condition for the formation of cuprous chlorocomplex anions. In the end,the cuprous oxide is formed through the anions hydrolysis by the hydroxyl ions, which are generated in the cathodic reaction of hedrogen evolution. In the present research, the effect of some variables, including the concentration of sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide i.e.alkalinity, potassium dichromate as an additive, temperature of the solution and current density are studied on two major electrolysis indices, which are the Current efficiency and the Specific energy consumption. Finally, the optimum conditions are achieved as follows: Temp.:75-80 ° C,NaCl=240 g/l,Curret density = 900 A/m2,NaOH = 0.5 g/l, K2Cr2O7= 0.1 g/l

Several methods have been used to relieve pain in neonates. The objective of this study was to assess the analgesic effect of 50% glucose and water during hepatitis B vaccination. In this randomized controlled trial, 90 term neonates were studied. Infants were randomly assigned to one of the three equal sized groups. First, heart rates were measured by EKG monitor. Then, 2mL of either 50% glucose or sterile water was administered into the mouths of infants in groups one and two, respectively. No intervention was done for group three. During vaccination until three minutes after, crying of babies was taped. Heart rates were measured during injection until 60 seconds. Mean values of duration of crying for glucose, water, and no intervention groups were 21.1 s, 33.3 s, and 56.9 s, respectively, which were significantly different (P= 0.0003). Post hoc test revealed substantial differences between groups one and three (P= 0.0001) and between groups two and three (P= 0.006). However, groups one and two were not statistically different (P= 0.19). Moreover, heart rate did not rise significantly in any of those groups. Both 50% glucose and water showed analgesic effects in neonates.

In this paper, kinetics of reductive leaching of manganese dioxide ore by ferrous ion in sulfuric acid media has been examined. Experimental results show that increasing temperature from 20 to 60 °C and decreasing ore particle size from −16+20 to −60+100 mesh considerably enhance both the dissolution rate and efficiency. Molar ratios of Fe2+/MnO2 and H2SO4/MnO2 in excess to the stoichiometric amounts were needed for successful manganese dissolution. Under the optimum condition (ore particle size of −60+100 mesh, Fe2+/MnO2 molar ratio of 3.0, H2SO4/MnO2 molar ratio of 2.0) manganese could be extracted with over 95% efficiency by 20 minutes leaching at room temperature. A kinetic analysis based on dimensionless time method showed that shrinking core – ash diffusion control model fits the experimental results reasonably well. Value of activation energy was found to be 28.1 kJ/mole for the proposed mechanism.

One of the causes of AUB in women is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectivenes of metformin therapy for the treatment of menstrual disturbances in PCOS. This clinical trail study was carried out on 120 women with PCOS in Bahman clinic in 1380-1381. The patients received metformin 1500 mg daily for 6 months and their menstrual pattern was assessed monthly. 16 out of 120 women (13.3%) had regular menses after 2 months and 80 women (66.7%) had regular menstration after 6 months. Age of women did not effect the treatment, but BMI was effective, whereas the mean of BMI in treated patients were more. The side effects of metformin were nausea (16.7%), Anorexia (16.7%) and diarrhea (13.3%) We conclude that menstural disturbances in women with PCOS were improved by administration of metformin.

Background – Chronic low back pain is a complex condition produced by multiple factors. This study investigated the psychological aspects of low back pain in a group of patients.Methods – A total of 112 subjects participated in the study. Fifty-six patients (21 females and 35 males) had low back pain and were seeking treatment in two clinics. A control group of 56 subjects (20 females and 36 males) without low back pain agreed to participate in the study as a control group. Psychological aspects were evaluated by the Persian version of Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Information on relevant demographics and pain was collected by one of the investigators who created the questionnaire.Results – The patients had higher scores in all scales of the SCL-90-R. A t-test which was used to investigate a possible significant difference in SCL-90-R scale between the groups indicated significant difference in all scales but the interpersonal sensitive scale.Conclusion – These findings indicate that chronic low back pain patients have an increased occurrence of coexistent psychological distress.