فهرست مطالب bahman akbari

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, considered a significant public health concern leading to millions of deaths from stroke, cardiovascular, and kidney diseases. This study aimed to explore the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and resilience of women with HTN.

In this semi-experimental study, 32 eligible women with HTN were randomly divided into two groups: intervention and control. Data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and a digital brachial sphygmomanometer for both groups at three stages: before, after, and two months after the intervention. A mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention was conducted for the experimental group in a group setting over ten sessions, while no intervention was performed in the control group. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test with SPSS software.

The post-test scores of SBP and DBP of the intervention group decreased compared to the pre-test, and the resilience score of the participants increased significantly (P < 0.001). The observed change in the experimental group was stable in the follow-up phase. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up scores of the control group in the variables of SBP and DBP, as well as resilience. This indicated that no change was found in the control group.

The results of this study can be used as a supplement to drug therapy in solving problems related to patients with HTN in private and hospital counseling centers.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group schema therapy on emotional commitment and sexual self-efficacy in women with emotional divorce. The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and with a control group and a 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population included women with emotional divorce who were referred to the psychological clinic of Rasht City in 2023, among whom 30 qualified volunteers were selected by purposive sampling and randomly placed in two groups of 15 people. Both groups completed emotional commitment questionnaires (ECQ) by Epstein & et al (1983) and sexual self-efficacy (SSEQ) by Vaziri & Lotfi Kashani (2013). The experimental group underwent the group schema therapy program for 10 sessions (60 minutes each session). The data were analyzed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test. The results showed that group schema therapy intervention significantly increased emotional commitment and sexual self-efficacy in the experimental group (P<0.001) and this result was sustained until the follow-up stage. Therefore, using schema therapy content and instructions will be effective in increasing the emotional commitment and sexual self-efficacy of women with emotional divorce.

 Experiencing any traumatic event in any form such as emotional abuse, physical and physical abuse, sexual abuse in childhood can affect people's well-being. The aim of this study is to determine the validity of the educational package based on motivational interviewing and mentalizing approaches in order to achieve its effectiveness on experiential avoidance and the sense of agency of students with childhood trauma.

 This study was carried out with the participation of five specialized PhDs in psychology. A group training package based on motivational interviewing and mentalization was developed by holding 11 sessions and based on references and principles of educational and therapeutic methods based on motivational interviewing and mentalization. Content validity was obtained using a 33-question questionnaire.

 The face validity of the educational package based on motivational interviewing and mentalization was confirmed. The content validity ratio for all training sessions except the second, fifth and tenth session was higher than 0.99 and approved. Also, the content validity index of all 33 questions is higher than 0.79.

 The educational package based on motivational interviewing and mentalization has favorable validity in terms of both form and content dimensions.

Research has shown that the tendency to addiction is influenced by personality characteristics and through mediating variables including emotional well-being as emotional and cognition values and mental experience of positive emotions and life satisfaction. but there is a research gap in the researched population.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating structural equation modeling of the relationship between personality traits and addiction tendencies in adolescents: the mediating role of emotional well-being.

This research was of a descriptive-correlation type with structural equations. The statistical population of the present study was all male students of the second secondary level of public high schools in Rasht city in the academic year of 2019-2019, numbering 16451 students. In order to determine the sample size, the number of 300 male students was selected multi stage cluster sampling method and completed the five-factor questionnaires of Neo personality of Costa & McCrae (1970), emotional well-being scale of Keyes and Magyarmo (2003) and Farjad addiction tendency questionnaire (2006) were completed. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis and structural equations and with spss 19 and amos 22 software.

The results showed that the direct effect of extroversion (0.21) and emotional irritation (0.22) on addiction tendency is positive and significant (P < 0.05). Also, the indirect effect of psychological irritation through emotional well-being on addiction tendency was significant.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that the personality traits of extroversion and neuroticism directly and neuroticism indirectly had an effect on the level of addiction tendency, Therefore, focusing on the results of the current research, can be to reduce the tendency to addiction in adolescents.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health concern worldwide due to its high incidence, mortality rate, and resistance to conventional treatments. The discovery of new targets for cancer therapy is essential to improve the survival of CRC patients. Here, this study aims to present a finding that identifies the STAT6 oncogene as a potent therapeutic target for CRC. HT-29 CRC cells were transfected with STAT6 siRNA and treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone and combined. Then, to evaluate cellular proliferation and apoptosis percentage, MTT assay and annexin V/PI staining were carried out, respectively. Moreover, the migration ability of HT-29 cells was followed using a wound-healing assay, and a colony formation assay was performed to explore cell stemness features. Gene expression was quantified via qRT-PCR. Afterward, functional enrichment analysis was used to learn in-depth about the STAT6 co-expressed genes and the pathways to which they belong. Our study shows that silencing STAT6 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhances the chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU, a commonly used chemotherapy drug, by inducing apoptosis, reducing proliferation, and inhibiting metastasis. These results suggest that combining 5-FU with STAT6-siRNA could provide a promising strategy for CRC treatment. Our study sheds light on the potential of STAT6 as a druggable target for CRC cancers, the findings offer hope for more effective treatments for CRC patients, especially those with advanced stages that are resistant to conventional therapies.

Drug abuse is one of the most important health, psychological, and social challenges that most countries in the world face in some way and imposes many problems upon the societies. This study was conducted with the aim of structural modeling of the relationship between psychological empowerment and quality of life based on the mediating role of religious beliefs in patients with drug abuse.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all drug abusers who referred to the Peace Canopy addiction treatment center, located in Rasht. The participants included 300 patients selected by available sampling method. Psychological Empowerment Scale, World Health Organization quality of Life Scale and religious orientation scale were used to collect data. Also, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The results showed that all fit indices were in the desired range. The direct effect of psychological empowerment (0.45) and inward religious belief (0.29) on quality of life was positive and the direct effect of outward religious belief on quality of life (-0.18) was negative and both were at the significant level of 0.001. The direct effect of psychological empowerment on inward religious belief (0.20) was positive and the direct effect of psychological empowerment on outward religious belief (0.17) was negative and both were significant at the level of 0.01. The indirect effect of psychological empowerment on quality of life through inward religious belief (0.05) and outward religious belief (0.03) was positive and significant at the level of 0.05. Therefore, it can be stated that inward and outward religious beliefs play a mediating role in the relationship between psychological empowerment and quality of life.

According to the results, the higher the religious belief in the patients with drug abuse, the higher their psychological empowerment and quality of life; therefore, religious beliefs as an Islamic moral variable can affect the psychological empowerment and life quality of the patients with drug abuse.

Divorce is a phenomenon that is increasing rapidly in today's societies and has economic, social and psychological effects on many divorced men and women. On the other hand, a stable and satisfactory marriage is effective in providing many positive features for family members, including positive mental health and physical health. It also improves the growth and health of family members.

Methods and Materials:

 In this research, the researcher used qualitative. For this purpose, the recognition of the components of sustainable life from the approach of the foundation has been discussed. By conducting seven interviews, the researcher reached theoretical saturation and finally extracted 76 open codes and based on the literature of the theory, conducted central and selective coding and presented the results in the form of a training package. The tool for collecting the required data was through in-depth interviews, based on life experience with couples who have experienced divorce.

The researcher obtained 76 open codes, 37 personality codes and 12 subcategories from the qualitative analysis of the interviews.

Considering such various factors that can be effective in a stable life, it seems that there are specific and common factors that can play a role in the stable life of couples, on the basis of compiling a training package that is based on these common factors and based on experiences the married couple has experience of divorce.

 This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention program based on the World Health Organization's functional assessment outcomes on the functional levels and adaptive skills of adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test – post-test design with a control group. The research population included all male adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities in Gilan province during 2020-2021. The sample consisted of 30 adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities living in small group homes under the supervision of the Welfare Organization, who were conveniently selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in each group responded to a pre-test before the start of the sessions, then the experimental group underwent a comprehensive intervention based on the World Health Organization's functional assessment outcomes for 17 sessions of 90 minutes each, while the control group remained on a waiting list and received no intervention until the post-test. Data collection tools included the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (2012) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (1980). Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS 22 software.

  The findings indicated that the comprehensive intervention program based on the World Health Organization's functional assessment outcomes was effective on the components of personal care, interaction and coping, and activities of life functional levels and on the components of self-help in eating, self-help in dressing, self-direction, occupational issues and engagements, movement, communication, and socialization adaptive skills of adolescents with intellectual disabilities (P<0.001), leading to their improvement; however, it had no significant effect on the components of understanding and communication, mobility and relocation, participation in society, and general self-help.

  It can be concluded that the comprehensive intervention program based on the World Health Organization's functional assessment outcomes was effective on the functional levels and adaptive skills of adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

  Allergicrhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa, caused by exposure to environmental allergens. It is known that 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is involved in the biosynthetic pathways of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, including resolvins and protectins.

In this study, which was performed on 130 AR patients and 130 healthy controls, we aimed to investigate the association of susceptibility to AR with two selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that is, rs2619112:A>G and rs7217186:C>T, in the intron regions of arachidonic acid 15-LOX (ALOX15) gene, using SNPinfo and Regulome DB tools.

The results showed that the CT genotype of rs7217186: C>T was significantly associated with the increased risk of AR compared to the CC genotype (P= 0.037, OR=1.943, CI: 1.038-0.638). However, there was no strong evidence of the association of rs2619112: A>G with susceptibility to AR (P> 0.05).

The present results indicated that rs7217186 polymorphism of ALOX15 gene might be a potential biomarker for susceptibility to AR.

Hypertension is a chronic disease and studies have shown that one-third of deaths from cardiovascular diseases are related to uncontrolled blood pressure. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and psychological well-being of women with hypertension.

The present research method was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all women with hypertension who referred to Valiasr Hospital in Rasht City in 2023, and 32 qualified volunteers were selected by the purposive sampling method. Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Ryff, 1995) and digital brachial sphygmomanometer were the instruments employed in this research. In order to perform intervention, positive psychotherapy was implemented for the experimental group in 8 sessions; while, there was no intervention for the control group. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The results showed that positive psychotherapy significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased the psychological well-being of women with hypertension, so that this effectiveness had been lasting over the time (p<0.001).

The results of the present study showed that positive psychotherapy has been effective on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and psychological well-being of women with hypertension. Therefore, positive psychotherapy intervention can be used for solving the problems associated with patients suffering from hypertension in hospitals and private counseling centers by health professionals and nurses.

Cancer affects various aspects of a patient's quality of life, including mental, psychological, social, and economic status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect self-control on emotional well-being due to the mediating role of self-compassion and emotion regulation in cancer patients. The method of this research is descriptive and the correlational research design is structural equation modeling. The statistical population in this study included cancer patients in 1399 that were selected by purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 200 (male and female) cancer patients in Emam Hosein hospital in Tehran. To collect data from the Self-Control scale (Tangney et al, 2004), self-compassion scale-short form (Raes et al, 2011), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003), and the emotional Well-Being Scale (Keys & Magyar-Moe, 2003) was used. All analyzes were performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. Bootstrap method was used to analyze the intermediate relationships in MACRO Preacher and Hayes (2008). The results showed that self-control has a direct and significant effect on emotional well-being (p<0/008). Also, the direct effect of self-control on self-compassion was significant (p<0/001), but the direct effect of self-control on emotion regulation was not significant (p> 0/05). The indirect effect of self-control on emotional well-being due to self-compassion was significant (p<0/001), but the indirect effect of self-control on emotional well-being wasnot significant due to emotion regulation (p> 0/05).The results of the research have practical implications for health professionals and psychologists and it can be concluded that self-control through self-compassion has an effect on the emotional well-being of cancer patients.

Over the past few decades, the phenomenon of addiction has increased all over the world for various reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate structural modeling of the relationship between spiritual health with addiction tendency in adolescents with the mediating role of emotional well-being.

This research was descriptive-correlation based on the model of structural equations. The statistical population of this research included all the male students of the second secondary level of public high schools in Rasht City in the year of 2021. From this community, 300 qualified volunteers have been selected for the study by the multistage cluster sampling method. Three standard questionnaires, including Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Well-Being Scale (1982), Keyes and Magyar-Moe subjective well-being (2003), and Mousavi et al Addiction Tendency Scale (2008) were used for data collection. Evaluation of the proposed model was done through structural equations; amos24 software was utilized to analyze the findings.

The results showed that the relationship between spiritual health and addiction tendency, also relationship between emotional well-being and addiction tendency were negative and significant (P<0.01). The relationship between emotional well-being and spiritual health was positive and significant (P<0.01). In the meantime, the indirect path of emotional well-being was significant in the relationship between spiritual health and addiction tendency (p<0.01). Finally, all the fit indexes were at an optimal level.

This research confirms the mediating role of emotional well-being in the relationship between spiritual health and addiction tendency. It is hoped that families and guardian organizations will benefit from the results of this research.

The educational intervention program for spouses refers to another intervention that prevents people and their relationships from the common vices of married life by reducing the number of destructive relationships and strengthening constructive behaviors. Educational interventions are usually aimed at protecting spouses from risk factors, such as destructive relationship patterns and irrational beliefs, and building supportive relationship factors, such as positive attitudes and marital intimacy.

Methods and Materials: 

In this research, the researcher has used a quantitative method. For this purpose, 20 couples were selected to implement the protocol. The research method at this stage will be a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The selected subjects in both experimental and control groups were measured by pre-test. The required data collection tool was through a questionnaire and the results were analyzed by the variance of repeated measurements. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used to test the normality of the distribution of scores related to several studies, and pairwise comparisons were also tested using the Bonferroni test.

The researcher investigated her research in the form of three hypotheses, and the results showed that the educational package has a positive and significant effect on emotional intimacy, marital compatibility, and reducing marital conflicts and the results were smaller than 0.005.

The hypotheses of the research were confirmed and it can be said that the educational package of sustainable life based on the lived experience of couples with experience of divorce is effective on emotional intimacy and this effect has been lasting. Also, the results showed that the training package increased marital compatibility in the experimental group compared to the control group and also decreased marital conflicts.

 Anxiety is one of the common disorders of childhood, in addition to drug treatments, psychological interventions and treatments have been used to reduce it. The present study was conducted with the aim of meta-analysis of effective treatments in reducing children's anxiety.

 In this meta-analysis, the statistical population includes available research related to non-pharmacological interventions for children's anxiety inside and outside of Iran, which were published in scientific databases from 2010 to 2020 (Google Scholar, Pub Med , since Direct, NCBI, Taylor & Francis Online, SID Magiran, ensani) have been published with the keywords of anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety, specific phobia, child anxiety, generalized anxiety, cognitive-behavioral therapy, play Therapy, behavior therapy, story therapy, art therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness therapy were searched. According to the criteria for entering the research, out of 77 available studies, 65 studies were analyzed. The method of data analysis was the meta-analysis approach, which was done using CMA2 software.

 Meta-analysis was performed on the primary studies in eight treatment groups, which showed that the combined effect size obtained from the studies related to each treatment indicated the effectiveness of all the mentioned interventions on children's anxiety. Based on the combined effect size, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapies (0.755), story therapy (0.655), attachment-based therapy (0.598), play therapy (0.575), cognitive behavioral therapy (0.569), child-parent interaction therapy (0.565), mindfulness (0.539) and art therapy (0.496) respectively had the greatest effect on reducing children's anxiety, which the results of the one-way analysis of variance test showed, this difference is not meaningful (P=0.355, F=65.7 1.132).

 The obtained effect size showed the effectiveness of the mentioned interventions in reducing children's anxiety, and considering the non-significance of the difference in the effectiveness of these treatments, all the mentioned treatments can be used alone in the treatment of children's anxiety.

Suicide is a serious public health issue worldwide, and the management and prevention of suicide in communities, especially in its early stages, is considered an important intervention for the healthcare system. Suicidal tendency is also a behavior in which a person has thoughts of suicide but sometimes does not have the desire to die. Tendency to commit suicide in adolescence predicting other value abnormalities, mood and several factors such as mental and physical disorders, functional, cultural, economic, and social disorders, broken families, stressful life events, and consumption of illegal drugs, smoking, drugs drugs, alcohol, etc. On the other hand, religious obsession has been considered a relevant and determining structure in relation to mother-child interaction and suicidal tendencies. Obsessive religious disorder is obsessive thoughts, doubts, severe anxieties, compulsions or rituals, and intentional repetitive behaviors. These compulsions cause confusion that is triggered by the sufferer's fears and anxieties and may interfere negatively with religious practices or considerations. Fear of punishment and obsessive repetition of religious acts are symptoms of this disorder. Research showed that religious obsession is related to suicidal tendencies and can be a predictor and mediate many psychological components. Also, the research showed that religious obsession plays a mediating role between the mother-child relationship and the suicide tendency of girls. Therefore, on the one hand, it is related to the mother-child relationship, and on the other hand, it is related to the tendency to commit suicide in teenage girls, as a result, it is able to provide the ground for the tendency to commit suicide in teenage girls. In fact, the mother-child relationship and religious obsession have been investigated as the underlying factors in the tendency of teenage girls to commit suicide, and it has been assumed to be the underlying cause of suicide-related behaviors. The tendency to commit suicide is a complex and multifactorial behavior and many efforts are made to identify the risk factors in the tendency to commit suicide, including among teenagers who are one of the vulnerable groups against suicide. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of modeling the structural relationships of mother-child relationship with suicidal tendencies in adolescent girls with the mediating role of religious obsession.

The current research was a descriptive correlation type and structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included all mothers and daughters who referred to counseling clinics in Tehran in 1400 to 1401, which were selected using the purposeful sampling method, a sample size of 540 people (270 mother-daughter pairs) was selected using the Klein structural equation analysis method. The research tools included: the mother-child relationship questionnaire by Robert (1968), the religious obsession questionnaire by Janan and Pi (2001) and the multi-method suicidal tendency questionnaire by Auerbach (1981). In order to analyze and analyze the data, it was done using the inferential method (Pearson correlation coefficients and regression coefficients) at a significance level of 0.01 using spss-26 software and the structural equation method using Amoss-24 statistical software.

The findings showed that the validity of the measurement structures of the relevant variables is confirmed at a significance level of 0.01. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the variables was more than 0.7. The same findings showed that the direct effect of the mother-child relationship on the return to suicide is 0.18, which is negative and significant. Indirect effects were calculated through Baron and Kenny's stepwise test. The indirect effect is observed. Standard measurement parameters indicated that the indirect effect of mother-child relationship and suicide tendency has increased with the mediation of religious obsession, which is 0.28- negative and significant. In fact, the results of Baron and Kenny's test showed that in the second stage of the model, the mediator variable (religious obsession) entered the model and was placed between the two variables of parent-child interaction and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables increased from -0.18 to -0.28.

The results confirming the significant relationship between the mother-child relationship in mothers and their daughters' suicide tendency scores were that religious obsession also plays a mediating role in the relationship between these components. Therefore, it is suggested that the training of parent-child interaction skills, along with paying attention to obsessions and problems in the field of religion, and in order to prevent issues related to suicide, especially among teenage students, should be considered important by school officials and the country and should be on their agenda.

sexual relationship anxiety, which refers to the degree of fear of discussing one's sexual relations with another, is an issue that has not been studied in detail as much as others; Therefore, the explanation of the structural model of predicting sexual anxiety was based on self-sexual schemas by examining the mediating role of emotional regulation in men with heart failure.

The current research is a descriptive and correlational quantitative research in terms of fundamental-applicative purpose and in terms of data collection and the nature of the title. The statistical population of this research was men with heart failure who referred to Martyr Dr. Lavasani Hospital in Tehran in 1402. The sampling method in this research was non-random and accessible, and 300 men were selected. In this research, the sexual relationship anxiety questionnaire of Davis (2006), the sexual schema scale of Andersen and Siranoski (1994) and the emotional regulation of Gratz et al. (2006) were used; To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient test and path analysis were used using spss-22 and amos-18 software.

The results showed that the strongest direct effect on sexual relationship anxiety was related to emotional regulation with an effect size of -0.50, followed by self-sexual schema with an effect size of 0.47. The result of the direct effects test showed that these effects are significant at the confidence level of at least 95% (p<0.05).

The confirmation of the mediating role of variables shows that in the pathology and treatment of male sexual deviance, paying attention to psychological aspects, especially cognitive and emotional aspects, is as important as paying attention to its physiological aspects. The mediating role of emotional and cognitive variables in the dual control model needs more attention

Psychosomatic disorders of the skin include skin diseases in which psychological causes and consequences or accompanying conditions have a fundamental and therapeutic effect on the disease process. The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment approach on quality of life and body image by modulating emotional reactivity in patients with skin disorders.

In this semi-experimental research, pre-test and post-test were used for two experimental and control groups, and the follow-up phase was implemented after two months. The statistical population included all patients with skin disorders in Tabriz, 15 people with high reactivity and 15 people with low reactivity in the acceptance and commitment group, and 15 people with low reactivity and 15 people with high reactivity in the control group. They were randomly replaced. World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires and body image scale (1990) were used as data collection tools. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data.

The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that the approach based on acceptance and commitment has created a significant increase in the body image (P<0.01) and the quality of life (P<0.01) of patients with skin disorders. And these results remained stable in the two-month follow-up (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that the interactive effect of emotional reactivity and group has no significant effect on quality of life and body image.

Teaching interventions based on acceptance and commitment are effective in improving the quality of life and body image in patients with skin disorders.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neuro-psychological disorder characterized by a consistent pattern of attention deficit, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. This condition significantly impairs the executive functions of individuals affected by it and serves as a contributing factor to their behavioral difficulties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy on executive functions and externalizing behavior problems in children with ADHD: A follow-up study.

The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest structure, incorporating a control group. The statistical population included all male children with ADHD who were attending exceptional schools of Rasht city in the second semester of the academic year 2020-2021. The research sample consisted of 24 children from the specified community, who were selected using a convenience sampling technique and randomly assigned to two groups (12 in the pharmacotherapy group and 12 in the control group). These children were then randomly divided into two groups, with 12 participants in the pharmacotherapy group and 12 participants in the control group. The data collection instruments utilized in this study consisted of the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) developed by Gioia et al. (2000) and the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach's, 2001). The data were subjected to analysis of covariance and dependent t-test using SPSS22.

The findings of the study indicate that the implementation of pharmacological interventions had a significant positive impact on enhancing overall executive functions, as well as reducing externalizing behavior issues and their associated components in children diagnosed with ADHD (p<0.001). Furthermore, the findings of the study indicate that there was no statistically significant disparity between the mean scores of the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up phases, specifically in relation to general executive functions, externalizing behavior problems, and their respective components. This suggests that the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy remained consistent over a period of 2 months (p>0.05).

Pharmacotherapy with effect on brain structures such as right inferior frontal cortex and insula as well as dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters leading to the strengthening of self-regulation skills, improves brain functio. Finally, it will improve executive functions and reduce Internalizing Behavior Problems in children with ADHD.

Background &

Adolescents are among the vulnerable groups against suicide, many of them have dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive errors, and inconsistent moral problems. Therefore, it is important to know the antecedents of this problem. The present study aimed to investigate the structural model of suicide prevention based on cognitive distortion and perceived social support with the mediation of moral identity in adolescents.

The current research is a theoretical research and its design was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all ninth grade female students of Takestan city with an average age of 15 years who study in the schools of Takestan city in the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample size to test the hypotheses was determined by referring to Klein's (2015) strategy for studies that use the structural equation modeling method. That is, the minimum ratio of the sample size for each observed variable is 5 people, the ratio of 10 people for each variable is more suitable and the ratio of 20 people for each variable is considered desirable; Therefore, in the present study, using available sampling method, a sample size of 300 participants was considered. Research tools included: Revised Suicide Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Fleming et al.'s scale of perceived social support (1982), Abdullahzadeh and Salar's Cognitive Distortion Scale (2009) and Aquino and Reed's Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002).

The results of the correlation test showed that there is a positive and direct correlation between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies, and there is a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and moral identity and suicidal tendencies. The value of the standardized factor load for all questions is more than 0.4, and considering that all the significance numbers (CR) between the items and the relevant latent variables are more than 1.96 and their significance level is less than the error level of 0.05. is, it can be said that the validity of the measurement structures of the relevant variables is confirmed at the significance level of 0.05. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient are also given for all research variables and as it can be seen, the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables is more than 0.7. Also, in the factor analysis model, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom is 1.309 and less than 3. Also, the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.032 and less than 0.08. Also, the comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI) and goodness of fit index (GFI) have all been calculated at a suitable level. Therefore, in general and according to the calculated indicators, it is possible to conclude the optimal fit of the model. The value of the critical statistic (CR) between the perceived social support and the cognitive distortion with the tendency to commit suicide has exceeded the borderline limit of 1.96, and the significance level of the test in this regard is equal to 0.000 and less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be stated that the existence of the relationship between perceived social support and the tendency to commit suicide is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the coefficient of the standard path between these two variables is positive and equal to -0.237, it can be said that with an increase of one standard deviation in the perceived social support, we will see a decrease in the tendency to commit suicide by -0.237 standard deviation. Therefore, there is a significant and inverse relationship between perceived social support and suicidal tendencies. On the other hand, the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to 0.134, and with an increase of one standard deviation in cognitive distortion, we will see an increase in the tendency to commit suicide by 0.134 standard deviations. Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and direct relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. In order to investigate the mediating role of moral identity between the independent variable (social support) and the dependent variable (suicidal tendency), Baron and Kenny's test showed that in the first stage and primary model, which only considered the relationship between social support and suicidal tendency, this relationship It is significant and its path coefficient is estimated as -0.381. In the next stage, the mediating variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of social support and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from -0.381 to -0.237 and is statistically significant. Therefore, the role of the moral identity variable is partial mediation and the fifth hypothesis of the research is confirmed with 95% probability and according to the collected data. Also, regarding the mediating role of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency in the first stage and the initial model that only considered the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency, this relationship was significant and its path coefficient was estimated as 0.304. In the next stage, the mediating variable (moral identity) is included in the model and is placed between the two variables of cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from 0.304 to 0.134 and is statistically significant. Therefore, the mediating role of moral identity in the mentioned relationship was confirmed.

The results confirmed the significant relationship between perceived social support and suicide tendency on the one hand and cognitive distortion with suicide on the other hand, and moral identity also plays a mediating role in the relationship between these components. Therefore, it is suggested that the training of skills to strengthen social protection and recognize distorted thoughts, along with paying attention to a rich moral identity and in order to prevent issues related to suicide, especially among teenage students, should be considered important by the authorities of schools and the country, and should be on the agenda. They should be placed.

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in children, and caring for children with epilepsy is very challenging and stressful. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on resilience and meaning of life among mothers with children with epilepsy.

This semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up period was conducted with the participation of 32 mothers of children with epilepsy who referred to the Porsina, a teaching hospital, in Rasht city in 2022. Sampling was done by available sampling method. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of cognitive behavioral therapy and control group (16 mother in each group). For the intervention group, Beck cognitive behavioral therapy was implemented for 10 sessions. The data were collected using the Conner & Davidson Resilience, and the Steger Meaning in Life Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using repeated covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

In the intervention group, the mean (SD) of resilience increased from 42.8 (8.3) in the pre-test to 64.3 (5.1) in the post-test and 63.9 (3.6) in the follow-up. (P<0.001). Also the meaning of life increased from 32.3 (2.3) in the pre-test to 54.3 (1.8) in the post-test, and 55.5 (1.8) in the follow-up (P<0.001). No significant change was observed in the control group.

This study showed that cognitive behavioral therapy has been effective in increasing resilience and meaning in life of mothers of children with epilepsy.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-compassion therapy and lifestyle modification on the psychological factors of eating core belief, self-criticism, and weight self-efficacy in obese women. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with BMI ≥ 25 who were referred to obesity treatment centers in 2022, and who participated in the study after being called for volunteers. 60 participants in the research were selected using the G Power program and using the purposeful sampling method and having the criteria for entering the research, and then they were randomly assigned to two experimental (30 people) and control (30 people) groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions, three sessions a week, 2-hour combined therapy of self-compassion and lifestyle modification. In order to collect the data, the core belief questionnaires of eating (ECBQ) by Cooper and colleagues (1997), self-criticising (FSCRS) by Gilbert and colleagues (2004), and weight self-efficacy (WSEQ) by Clark and colleagues (1991) were used. Finally, the data was analyzed by mixed variance method. The results showed that the scores of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up stage by receiving the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification in the core beliefs of eating and self-criticism were significantly reduced and the self-efficacy scores increased (P<0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification is effective as a replacement package for modifying core beliefs and self-criticism and increasing weight self-efficacy in obese women.

The forced labor for children has negative cognitive, social and emotional consequences. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching choice theory and inquiry philosophy on social competence and goal orientation of labor children.

The current research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was the labor children of Rasht city in 2021 year. A number of 45 labor children were selected as a sample with using the available sampling method and were assigned in three equal groups by a simple random method with lottery, including the groups of teaching choice theory, teaching inquiry philosophy and control. The first experimental group received 8 sessions of teaching choice theory and the second experimental group received 10 sessions of teaching inquiry philosophy, and the control group did not receive any teaching. The research tools were included questionnaires of social competence (Felner, 2002) and goal orientation (Midgley et al., 1998) and its resulting data were analyzed by methods of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software.

The findings showed that teaching in both experimental groups in compared the control group led to increase social competence and goal orientation of tendency-mastery, avoidance-mastery, and tendency- performance in labor children (P<0.05), but there was no significance difference between them in the goal orientation of avoidance-performance (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups of teaching choice theory and inquiry philosophy in terms of any of the variables of social competence and goal orientation (P>0.05).

According to the results, to improve the social competence and goal orientation of labor children, it is possible to use the teaching methods of choice theory and inquiry philosophy.

The world is currently facing the drug crisis as a serious threat. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural modeling of the relationship between distress tolerance and quality of life based on the mediating role of religious beliefs in opioid abuse patients.

The method of this research is descriptive correlation based on the model of structural equations. The statistical population of this research included all patients suffering from opioid abuse who referred to the community center for addiction treatment in SAYEBANE ARAMESH located in RASHT city. From this community, 300 qualified volunteers entered the study by the convenience sampling method. The WHO Quality of Life-BREF (1998), Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (2005), Allports Religious beliefs Questionnaire (1967) were used for data collection, and AMOS24 software was utilized to analyze the findings.

The results showed that all the fit indexes are at an optimal level. The relationship between distress tolerance and intrinsic religious beliefs (0.32) is positive and significant (P<0.01). The relationship of this variable with extrinsic religious beliefs (-0.36) is negative and significant (P<0.01). The relationship between distress tolerance (0.19) and intrinsic religious beliefs (0.33) with quality of life is positive and significant (P<0.01). Also, the relationship between extrinsic religious beliefs and quality of life (-0.22) is negative and significant (P<0.01).

According to the results, intrinsic religious beliefs in opioid abuse patients, has direct impact on distress tolerance and quality of life. In fact, the higher the intrinsic religious beliefs in opioid abuse patients, ends in the higher the distress tolerance and quality of life. Also, extrinsic religious beliefs in opioid abuse patients, has inverse impact on distress tolerance and quality of life. In fact, the higher the extrinsic religious beliefs in opioid abuse patients, ends in the lowerthe distress tolerance and quality of life. Therefore, intrinsic religious beliefs as an Islamic moral variable can affect the distress tolerance and quality of life of opioid abuse patients.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of mutual behavior analysis and self-compassion therapy on self-respect and differentiation in students with emotional failure.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of this study was the students who experienced emotional failure in Azad University of Rasht in 2019, 45 students were randomly selected in three groups: self-compassion (15 people), mutual behavior analysis (15 people) and the control group (15 people) was replaced. The research tools were the short-form differentiation questionnaire (Drake, 2011) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965); Students of Gilbert's (2010) self-compassion therapy group and Conner et al.'s (2016) interactional behavior analysis therapy group received eight 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and covariance analysis.

The results showed that the intervention based on self-compassion and self-behavior analysis was effective on self-respect and differentiation of students with emotional failure; No difference was found between the effectiveness of self-compassion over the treatment of mutual behavior analysis in self-esteem and differentiation.

According to the results obtained between the two methods of self-compassion and mutual behavior analysis, there was no difference in terms of the level of influence, and both methods are suitable methods for improving the level of self-esteem and distinguishing students who have experienced emotional failure. They are going.

Adolescents are among the vulnerable groups against suicide, many of them have dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive errors, and inconsistent moral problems. Therefore, it is important to know the antecedents of this problem. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of suicide based on resilience and cognitive distortion with the mediation of moral identity in adolescents.

The current research is a theoretical research and its design was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all ninth grade female students of Takestan city with an average age of 15 years who study in the schools of Takestan city in the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample size to test the hypotheses was determined by referring to Klein's (2015) strategy for studies that use the structural equation modeling method. That is, the minimum ratio of the sample size for each observed variable is 5 people, the ratio of 10 people for each variable is more suitable and the ratio of 20 people for each variable is considered desirable; Therefore, in the present study, using available sampling method, a sample size of 300 participants was considered. Research tools included: Revised Suicide Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), Abdullahzadeh and Salar's Cognitive Distortion Scale (2009) and Aquino and Reed's Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002).

The findings showed that the standardized factor loading for all questions is more than 0.4. It can be said that the validity of the measurement structures of the relevant variables is confirmed at a significance level of 0.05. The value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables is more than 0.7. Further, in order to confirm the factor analysis model and document the obtained results, it is necessary that the fit indices of the model are acceptable. The following table shows the indicators used along with their values. In the factor analysis model, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom is 1.309 and less than 3. Also, the value of the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.032 and less than 0.08. Also, Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI) and Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) have all been calculated at a reasonable level. Therefore, in general and according to the calculated indices, it is possible to conclude the optimal fit of the model. Also, in the research model, the chi-square value of the degree of freedom is 1.485 and smaller than 3. Also, the value of the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.040 and less than 0.08. The comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI) and incremental fit index (IFI) are equal to 0.96, 0.86 and 0.96, respectively, and all of them are at a very favorable level, so the model shows a good fit and is approved. The findings showed that the existence of a relationship between resilience and suicide tendency is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to -0.149. Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and inverse relationship between resilience and the tendency to commit suicide. On the other hand, the existence of a relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to 0.134. Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and direct relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies. In order to investigate the mediating role of moral identity between the independent (resilience) and dependent (suicidal) variables, Baron and Kenny's test was used. According to the conceptual model of the research, in addition to the direct relationship between resilience and suicidal tendency, its indirect relationship can also be obtained through the mediating variable of moral identity. Based on the findings in the first stage and the initial model, which considered only the relationship between resilience and suicidal tendencies, this relationship is significant and its path coefficient is estimated as -0.340. In the next step, the mediating variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of resilience and tendency to commit suicide. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from -0.340 to -0.149 and is statistically significant. Therefore, it can be said that the mediation of moral identity in the relationship between resilience and suicidal tendency is confirmed. Also, the investigation of the mediating role of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicide was determined. In the first stage and the initial model, which only considered the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicide tendency, this relationship was significant and its path coefficient was estimated as 0.304. In the next step, the mediator variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from 0.304 to 0.134 and is statistically significant. Therefore, it can be said that the mediation of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency is confirmed.

The results confirmed the significant relationship between resilience and tendency to commit suicide on the one hand and cognitive distortion with suicide on the other hand, and moral identity also plays a mediating role in the relationship between these components. Therefore, it is suggested that teaching resilience skills and recognizing distorted thoughts, along with paying attention to a rich moral identity and in order to prevent issues related to suicide, especially among teenage students, should be considered important by the school authorities and the country and should be on their agenda.