bijan khaje noori

The purpose of this research is to analyze the semantic system of social science teachers in Shiraz city about sustainable social development. Grounded theory has been used. The data was obtained by interviewing, who were 15 social science teachers in Shiraz. The results showed that forces and conditions such as media awareness and foundation, intelligent system design and its institutionalization in the society, the abundant necessity of interaction and global trade in the global village and interaction with international educational and cultural centers are among the causal conditions in the process of achieving sustainable social development. The participants have pointed to conditions such as changing the pattern of consumption and adapting to individual and collective prosperity, changing the pattern of resource consumption, institutionalizing the optimal consumption of resources and reducing environmental crises and creating a favorable educational platform in the society as intervening conditions. According to the participants, contextual conditions, conditions such as the fair distribution of facilities and resources between regions, paying attention to the values of local culture, are an important requirement of sustainable social development. The participants have pointed out consequences such as improving the level and quality of life of the individual and paying attention to human rights and values, using the government's power in allocating resources, social mobilization, participation in the development process, establishing social order, using and benefiting from local capabilities and potentials for development, changes in structures in order to increase people's well-being as the main consequences of sustainable social development.

International migration is a growing phenomenon with diverse causes and motivations. Amidst globalization and new information/communication technologies, a rise in nationalism has been observed. The emergence and expansion of the internet and virtual platforms have given a new dimension to nationalism studies, introducing the concept of "digital nationalism". One issue facing modern immigrant-receiving societies is that even as immigrants settle in a new country, they may be still strongly identified with their homelands, hampering their socialization in the host society. A key factor in this is the presence of new technologies that allow immigrants to maintain strong links to their countries of origin. One such group is Afghan immigrants in Iran. Afghans have migrated to Iran in large numbers in recent decades, often for political reasons. This influx has posed challenges for the host Iranian society, with identity issues hindering the integration of Afghans. This study aimed to examine the phenomenon of digital nationalism among Afghan immigrants in Shiraz, Iran - a context not extensively covered in prior research on the digital-nationalism nexus, which has tended to focus on national borders or the actions of governments and political parties.

This study employed a quantitative survey research method. The target population was Afghan residents of Shiraz, Iran, aged 18-64 years. The total Afghan population in this age range in Shiraz in 2023 was estimated to be 83,587, with 54,932 men and 28,655 women.Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. A sample of 320 Afghan men and women aged 18-64 years living in different areas of Shiraz were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling approach. However, due to some incomplete or missing questionnaires, the final sample size was increased to 500 participants. Sampling involved multiple stages. First, all 11 districts of Shiraz were considered as clusters and several districts were selected from among them based on size and likelihood of containing Afghan residents. Within each selected district, 3-4 blocks were then randomly chosen. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire. Statistical analyses appropriate for the measurement levels of the variables were conducted using SPSS software, version 26.The sample consisted of 449 Afghan residents of Shiraz, of whom 50.1% were male and 49.9% were female. The majority (56.1%) were aged 18-27 years, while only 0.2% of them were 48-57 years old. Most respondents (60.9%) were married, while 39.1% ones were single. In terms of education level, the largest group (23.7%) had only elementary schooling and the smallest group (2.2%) had post-diploma qualifications. A high proportion (39.8%) reported having no income, while only 0.2% earned 15 million tomans or more per year. Bivariate analyses showed significant differences in digital nationalism between men and women and between single and married individuals. Moreover, greater access to and use of new technologies were positively and significantly associated with digital nationalism at over 99% confidence. Multivariate regression modeling revealed 6 key predictors of digital nationalism: frequency of phone calls with other Afghans (in Iran and abroad), years lived in Iran, access to the internet and mobile phones, use of various digital platforms, employment status (daily wage worker), and presence of paternal family in Iran. Together, these variables explained 30% of the variance in digital nationalism.

This study investigated the relationship between modern digital media, particularly social media and the internet, and the expression of nationalism among Afghans living in Shiraz, Iran. The findings indicated that access to the internet, primarily through smartphones and the use of various online platforms had facilitated communication between Afghans both within Iran and with those in Afghanistan. This ability to stay connected and discuss shared issues related to Afghanistan had contributed to strengthening of digital national identity among the Afghan diaspora in Shiraz. Specifically, factors, such as frequency of phone/video calls with other Afghans, length of time lived in Iran, access to the internet and mobile phones, use of different digital platforms, employment status, and presence of paternal family in Iran, were all positively and significantly associated with levels of digital nationalism. These contextual variables appeared to play an important intervening role in how new communication technologies influence the expression of national identity. In conclusion, the study provided evidence that digital media had facilitated the maintenance and expression of national identity among Afghans living in the diaspora. Access to transnational communication channels had enabled this population to stay engaged with their homeland and fellow Afghans, thereby reinforcing their sense of shared national belonging despite physical distance. The findings highlighted the important sociocultural implications of new information and communication technologies in shaping identity and community dynamics, especially for immigrant and diaspora populations.

Emotional divorce can disrupt the continuity of relationships between couples and untimately lead to legal divorce. It can also affect the functions of families, such as the socialization of children, which is essential for a healthy society. This study aims to examine the role of mass media in the relationship between social comparison and emotional divorce among married women. The theoretical framework is based on Collins' perspective and objective self-awareness. 

Methods and Data:

 The study used a survey method and a multi-stage cluster sampling method to select 800 married women from 11 districts of Shiraz. Emotional divorce was measured by the Gutman scale. 

The results showed that more than 39% of the respondents had a medium or high level of emotional divorce. The multivariate regression model revealed that husband's presence in the family, husband's comparison with others, husband's comparison of the respondent with others, and husband's level of education could explain about 33% of the variance in emotional divorce. 

The study suggests that social comparison is a factor that influences emotional divorce among couples. Mass media, such as television, satellite, and social networks, can affect the way couples compare themselves with others and their spouses. Key Message: Emotional divorce is a serious threat to families and society. It can be influenced by social comparison and mass media. Reducing this phenomenon can help maintain the continuity and well-being of families.

The aim of the present research was to clarify the relationship between media consumption, the content of media consumption and emotional divorce among married women in Shiraz. Online social networks have a significant contribution in transferring various cultures into the family structure, which has overshadowed human communication, including communication between couples. In such a way that it can be said that if these communication technologies are not used properly, it will cause emotional divorce between couples. On the other hand, the messages and texts that are published in the virtual space contain topics centered on women and their rights, which can indirectly affect emotional divorce. Zygmont Bauman's theory of fluid love and Gerbner's media theory of planting have been used in this research. The research method, survey and statistical population of the research include married women aged 18 to 45 in Shiraz. Based on Cochran's formula, the total sample size is 400 people. The statistical population was obtained using the cluster random sampling method. The findings show that the independent variable of media consumption with a beta of 13% was able to directly affect the dependent variable, namely emotional divorce. Also, the media consumption variable has a direct effect on media content with a beta of 24%, and media content has an indirect effect on emotional divorce with a beta of 4%. The results of this research show that there is a relationship between media consumption, media content and emotional divorce.

Taking the perspective of indigenous people involved in the phenomenon, the present research seeks to understand what contexts in a person's environment lead him to addiction, what factors, conditions and interactions exist in this context and what are the consequences of addiction.

This study uses a qualitative research approach. The participants include 17 men selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed through qualitative content analysis of Strauss-Corbin's approach.

"Normalization and breaking the taboo of drug use", "family and environmental problems and disputes", "family passivity and weakness in supervision", "lack of supportive and controlling role of society", "ambiguity of future goals and prospects", "consumption attractions", as well as "individual and personality challenges" are the 7 central codes mentioned.

The core category of this research is "refraction of the constructive interactive model of individual-family-society" which includes other categories. The grounded theory of research is expressed in the form of a paradigm model including six dimensions of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, phenomena, interactions and consequences.

Abstract. Body is something beyond Substantiality and it always affects the individual and social relations. Cultural capital could influence body management as part of their lifestyle. Although the body is important for everyone, the quality and quantity of body management in terms of gender are not the same. The aim of this study is to examine gender comparison of cultural capital impact on the management body. The method was survey and data collected through questionnaire. The participants sample consisted of 398 citizens of Shiraz who 18-65 years old were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Theoretical framework is based on Bourdieu's theories to explain the impact of cultural capital on body management and feminist theory was developed to explain gender differences. The results illustrate that excess of body management dealing with women and explain the importance of gender in the body management. As well as the objectified and embodied cultural capital and objectified cultural capital have positive effects on body management of women and men, respectively. While institutionalized cultural capital does not impact on the body management of any of these groups.

Participation has often been considered as one of the main components and indicators of development by various thinkers and experts because social life is possible when people interact and cooperate with each other as members of one body. People's participation in the development process is so important that development is basically considered a participatory process because people's participation is the basis of social and economic development. Thematically, participation is divided into political, social, economic, and so on. Although their exact separation is difficult due to their entanglement, overlap, and complementarity, in the present study, economic participation is considered. . The benefits of participating in the development process should go to all individuals or groups involved. One of the groups participating in the development process that should have a fair share of development benefits is the category of women. Because in today's world, overcoming family, economic, cultural, and political crises and achieving sustainable development require the full participation of different groups and women are the first hope for the development of families and the growth and development of their society. Women's success not only benefits the country economically but alsoit creates social and cultural benefits.  

The present study seeks to investigate the semantic understanding of the experience of entrepreneur women regarding economic participation in Shiraz. The purpose of this study is to investigate what entrepreneur women understand about economic participation and what conditions, contexts, and strategies are considered important in this field. This research is based on a qualitative approach using the systematic ground theory method. The method of data collection is the semi-structured interview. The interviewees of the present study were entrepreneur women in Shiraz who were selected through purposive sampling for the interview. A total of 25 interviews were selected. In the interview processcare was taken to conduct the interviews with appropriate quality and  avoiding bias in order to maintain the validity of the research. To assess the reliability, the two experts also coded several interviews and the difference between their coding results was small and negligible.The research data have been analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin’s (2012) three-stage coding approach (open, axial, and selective). The related codes were obtained focusing on a major category of organization and the main categories of research. Discussion of Results and

After analyzing and interpreting the information extracted from the interviews regarding the entrepreneurial model of women in Shiraz, 69 sub-categories and 19 main categories were identified. The findings indicated that broken family interactions, the experience of multiple deprivations, favorable entrepreneurial spirit, and multiple sources of capital are categories that causally affect the economic participation of women entrepreneurs. The resilient femininity, integrated femininity, authoritarian parenting style and support, and lack of family support shaped the ground conditions for the economic participation of entrepreneur women. The institutional disorder, economic disorder, lack of applied skills, and a sexist work environment are interfering factors. Such factors  were effective for economic success and economic participation. Women's entrepreneurship and economic participation could have a variety of consequences including attitudinal changes, identity changes, lifestyle changes, and passive lifestyle changes. Finally, it can be said that women have presented alternative female entrepreneurship as a model of economic participation, as opposed to a model based on masculine structures.

The taste and fashion for Bourdieu is an obvious and simple thing in the nature of modern society, and can be understood by the social hierarchy of society. one of the most important factors in this research is that there are several factors in this research to be part of it in terms of globalization in the culture sphere. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship of cultural globalization and consumption tastes in the  thirty-year-old generation (the decades of 1350 to 1370 AD) in the city Shiraz. Data from the survey on 425 women and men gathered and analyzed have been exposed. The results show that cultural globalization has had a great influence on the consumption tastes of this generation; Among the variables of cultural globalization, individualism (32.6), ICT (6.5) and Reflexivity (2.8) significant relationship with the dependent variable respectively, Which together could explain about 42% of respondents' tastes; This number tells us that 42% of  respondents' tastes variations are affected by the variables of globalization.

 The environmental crisis seems to be one of the major challenges that mankind faces in the current century. The term environmental behavior comes from contemporary conditions in which social studies investigate the environmental behavior. Explaining the environmental behaviors of individuals is one of the important issues in environmental sociology.  Environmental behavior is a behavior that a person encounters in the environment. Individuals of each society, in terms of their particular social- cultural context and their personality, have different approaches toward the environment. These behaviors may be quite positive, pro-environmental or vice versa, totally negative, and contrary to the environment. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, human activities and environmental damages have become very important. The world which faces more than six billion people in the future should be sensitive to this issue. Recently, environmental issues have social meaning and also have cultural-social roots. Shiraz city, as one of the cities that has involved in numerous environmental crises, such as the water crisis, the crisis of the destruction of historical gardens, the massive production of garbage and all kinds of other crises, should be given special attention.This study aims to examine the sociological factors contributing to the environmental behavior among Shiraz citizens. 

This research was conducted in 2017 through a survey method. The study population includes all people over 15 years old in 11 zones of Shiraz.  According to the latest statistics, the population of Shiraz is 1,565,572, and based on the Cochran formula, the total sample size is 384 people. By using the map of Shiraz according to the latest changes by the Shiraz municipality, along with the number of households, questionnaires in each zone were provided and distributed. In the next step, the building blocks were randomly selected in each zone. From each block, households and from each household, one person was studied. Statistical samples were obtained using multi-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The number of questionnaires distributed in zones 1 to 11 are: 42 in zone 1, 45 in zone 2, 51 in zone 3, 67 in zone 4, 37 in zone 5, 33 in the zone 6, 47 in zone 7, 9 in zone 8, 35 in zone 9, 35 in zone 10 and 26 in zone 11, respectively. Research hypotheses were analyzed using SPSS software. Kollmuss and Agyeman’s (2002) Environmental Behavior Model has been used in this study as the theoretical framework. To sum up, according to the multi-stage cluster sampling method and based on Cochran formula, questionnaires were distributed among 384 cases in 11 zones of Shiraz.

In this research, it was tried to identify the environmental behavior of citizens of Shiraz from a sociological point of view. Considering that Shiraz city is one of the most important metropolises involved in environmental hazards, no organized research has been conducted to investigate this phenomenon in Shiraz. The city of Shiraz, as one of the major metropolises of the country suffers from multiple environmental crises. Thus, the results of this study can be used by other researchers. According to the results, 60.8% of people reported moderate level of environmental behavior, while 20.3% and 1.6% reported low and high levels of environmental behavior, respectively. Correlation test showed that the sociological factors including age, environmental awareness, environmental knowledge, emotional involvement, environmental attitude, locus of control, values, responsibilities and priorities, and motivation on one hand and contextual variables such as gender, employment status, and income on the other hand had significant relationships with environmental behavior. The results of multivariate regression equation test showed that environmental awareness, emotional involvement, gender, age, income, and locus of control were able to explain 41.7% of environmental behavior.

The aim of this study is the relationship between lifestyle and environmental behavior of citizens of Shiraz. The "lifestyle theory" of Bourdieu have used in this study related to types of lifestyle using the cocepts such as habitus, sphere and different types of capital; and also environmental behavior have selected as a set of behavior in relation to environment that have affected by individual`s position in social space. The environmental behavior of Kollmuss and Agyeman have used to operate the dimensions of environmental behavior. The survey method is used for this study and statistical population of this study included the people who are over 15 years old in 11 zones of Shiraz According to Cochran formula, the Sample size included 384 people. Statistical samples have obtained through random cluster sampling and the data of this survey have collected through the questionnaire; Ten factors were considered in related to lifestyles through factor analysis; These factors include: management body, cultural lifestyle, sporty lifestyle, leisure lifestyle, religious lifestyle, consciousness and tolerance lifestyle, politely lifestyle, internet lifestyle, high-risk diet, domestic lifestyle and healthy lifestyle. The study shows that, the main effective factors on environmental behavior are: religious lifestyle, healthy lifestyle, sporty lifestyle, leisure lifestyle and politely lifestyle. These lifestyles have a positive and powerful relationship with environmental behavior (the dependent variable) and these independent lifestyle variables, high-risk diet and internet lifestyle; have a negative and powerful relationship with environmental behavior.

Consumption and consumerism, is a multidimensional concept that can be looked at it from different aspects. Although, consumption is Final aim of production, but current process of consumption and increasing extension of consumer society, Intensify the crisis of the earth. Rate and kind of consumption can represent issues such as life style, class and attitude, and in the other hand we can measure rate and kind of  consumption by mentioned cases. In this way,  in this study data needed have been taken applying self-report questionnaires, and the Multiple-stage Cluster sampling technique between 383 married women of Shiraz city. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Also the validity was confirmed by formal validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of the analysis of data show that different dimension of life style, such as cultural dimension (0.407), virtual networks (0.335), body management and make up consumption (0.365), religious style (-0.128) and Leisure activities (0.397) have significant relationship with consumer behavior. Also, based on regression analysis results, we can conclude that 42% of the dependent variable changes will be explained, by considering inserted variables into the regression model.

  1.Introduction The process of globalization has considerably affected different aspects of human life, including gender attitude, education, identity, and life style (Chiu, 2010; Lotf Abadi, 2008; Nourouzi, 2004; Theophanous, 2011). In modern society, social identity is predicated on social class or individuals' life style (Rahmat Abadi & Aghabakhshi, 2006). Women constituting one half of society are situated in the rather different atmospheres which have changed their available resources, roles, and status in the society more than anything else (Qaderzadeh, 2011). One of the most important of these changes is the change in the process of production and reproduction of their social identity (Moghaddas & Khajenoori, 2004). The present study considers the social identity of women in the city of Ilam which is deemed to be one of the tribal and traditional cities of Iran. 2. Theoretical Framework
In its simplest term, social identity is "the definition of an individual based on his or her membership in social groups in society" (Brown, 1985, p. 771). Moreover,a person's social identity refers to the characteristics and thoughts that one acquires through social sharing, membership in groups and social categories.. By internalizing these features, the individual feels affinity toward that group. The social identity of individual creates the concept of "we" against the concept of "they" (Mehrmand et al., 2009, p. 95). In fact, all identities are to some extent social identities (Jenkins, 1996) because no identity exists apart from society. The root of identity formation is in the process of socialization although this should be noted that the social identity is a process which changes during one's life. With
regard to Giddens' (1999) view, "identity is created and constantly is adapted and experienced with respect to life styles and paradoxes, and the motivating tendencies of today's institutions" (Giddens, 1999,p. 261). Bourdieu (1984) also emphasizes the the role of identity with regard to one's life style, and use it as a tool to show social distinction (as cited in Storey, 2006). The results of this research confirm the existence of a relationship between life style and individual identity. Nowadays, women become acquainted with new styles of living through using modern tools like satellites, the Internet, and cyber space, and they feel compelled to compare these tools with the traditional style of living. The existence of women in different fields around the world specifically in developed countries has incited other women to reconsider their social identities and their roles within society, which has brought about many questions in their minds (Moghaddas & Khajenoori, 2005). The main assumption of the current research is to consider the relationship between the identity and the life style of women in Ilam. 3.Methodology This research is conducted through a quantitative method. The population of this research is consisted of women living in Ilam. The samples are taken from four hundred married women from Ilam. Multi-stage cluster sampling is used here. The questionnaires used are designed by the researchers. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient is used to evaluate the reliability of the items of the social identity variable which equals α = 73/0. For the validity of the items of the life style variable, two methods of content and construct validity are used. 4.Results The results of the descriptive statistics showed that the average age of the women in this study was 36/52, and most of them belonged to the groups of 34-49. Forty-eight percent of them had university education, while 66/5 percent of them were housewives. In addition, most of them belonged to the middle class. The results of the two-variable methods showed that the social identity of women has a positive correlation with religious life style, musical life style, and athletic life style. Moreover, there exists a negative correlation between the virtual life style and social identity. Based on multiple regression statistics, the effective independent variables on social identity were taken into consideration. With regard to the logic of the method of multi-variable methods, independent variables that significantly contributed to the explanation of variance were included in the equation for the dependent variable in seven steps. . The entered variables respectively included social class, religious life style, musical life style, job, neighborhood, virtual life style, and athletic life style. Altogether, the model of this study explained 24 percent of the changes in the variable of social identity. 5.Conclusion The present research showed that the selection of one specific life style can greatly affect women's identity. For several decades, girls and women around the world have questioned and confronted their established and traditional identity. Based upon Giddnes's view, due to today's open social life, the multiplicity of the activities in contexts and the great number of resources with more authority, the selection of life style with the purpose of constructing an identity and resuming daily activities is extensively becoming more important. The results of this research showed that the selection of life styles with the purpose of directing one's identity is significant. These findings are totally in line with the results of the studies conducted by Azadarmaki and Chavoshian (2002), Moghaddas and Khajenoori (2005), Tanhaie and Khorrami (2010), Mirzaii (2011), Campbell (2007), Mashhadi (2011), and Dedeoglu and Ustundagli (2011). They all approve that life style directs an individual’s social identity.

Social movements are considered as a source of transformations in different societies. The global trend of environmental degradation has highlighted the importance of understanding the environmental movements. In this study, we firstly, try to present contextual Characteristics of one of the emerging environmental movements in Iran, secondly to evaluate the level of using different news sources among participants and finally to assess media usage influence on the intensity of participation in the Nature Cleaners movement (NCm). In this vein, we conducted a survey across the Iran in a two months period. We applied both structured interviewing and distributing questionnaires methods to gather data from 261 cases in ten various areas. Our results rejected applying the mass society theory to explain NCm. In addition, the findings demonstrated that online social networks are most used, as well as the most influential news source among other Medias. In the rest of paper, the influence of other kinds of used news sources was evaluated and finally suggestions for the future research were provided.

Parent-child interrelations comprise one of the important discussions in psychology as well as social sciences with parenting styles as one of the critical topics of the mentioned areas (Bagherpoor Kamachali¡ 2007: 34). Undoubtedly¡ family is the most important organization and the bedrock of physical¡ mental¡ and social growth and welfare for a child¡ and the leading factor for their (physical¡ mental and¡ social) balance. Socializing and fraternizing with cultural laws¡ rules and values occurs naturally within the family¡ setting the stage for the child to turn into a social being through practicing preliminary intra-family interactions (Moosavi¡ 2003). In other words¡ each of the parents has their own share of responsibilities in seeing their child off and into a full-grown person¡ with most of the weight pertaining to child nurturing and positive influence falling on the mother. Maternal mental¡ physical and¡ social health as well as a healthy¡ well-defined identity¡ therefore¡ is crucial in raising healthy children¡ with the mother being an ever-present guide ever since the primary stages of a child’s life. To this end¡ in this study¡ the relation between parenting styles and aspects of social identity pertaining to Ilam city’s mothers has been brought under investigation. First¡ previous studies related to the area were reviewed and Giddens’stheory was selected as the framework for the investigation. As a next step¡ a total of six hypotheses were presented based on a theory riding on Giddens’s opinions.
Material and In order to put said hypotheses to test¡ 400 Ilam city’s mothers were chosen through multistage random sampling. The investigative method through which the study has been carried out is one of survey and questionnaire. The produced results of ETA testing reveal a correlation between the two variables under study¡ namely ‘aspects of social identity’ and ‘parenting style’¡ with ‘maternal social identity’ and ‘authoritative parenting style’ being the most important among all other correlations.
Discussion of results & Also the produced results at the logistic regression level and parental statistics reveal that 71.6¡ 76.1¡ 80¡ 74 percent (respectively) of the variables pertaining to the ‘authoritative’¡ ‘authoritarian’¡ ‘easy going’ and ‘permissive’ styles seem to be correctly predicted and classified. The results of the investigation confirm that there has been a significant decrease in the implementation of both ‘authoritarian’ and ‘permissive’ styles¡ in which the child is overlooked altogether whereas the two methods ‘authoritative’ and ‘easy going’ have been increasingly brought into use. The results further depict that an upgrade in maternal social identity brings about the ‘authoritative’ as the ideal style of choice in parenting by mothers. In fact¡ mothers with consistent identities tend to have a better understanding of their own abilities which in turn leads to a successful observation of both the ‘control’ and ‘affection’ aspects of parenting dynamics. A healthy growth of identity in mothers helps them establish warm¡ amicable relationships among family members (Steinberg¡ 2001). Results from the studies by Monadi (2010)¡ Khabaz (2010)¡ Marcia (2002)andLomeo (1999) are in line with one conducted here. In fact mothers who have already established a consistent sexual¡ national¡ ethnic and group identity¡ have implemented the ‘authoritative’ style in raising their children which represents the healthiest in intra-family relationships. On the contrary¡ identity crisis has led a second group to implement the ‘permissive’ style as the least appropriate way to raise children. In the end¡ the results from this study depict the consolidation of identity in Ilam city’s mothers and consequently¡ their best choice of style in parenting.

Crime and criminal behavior is one of the critical issues in Iran society. Social capital as a crucial factor in the cause and prevention of crime and criminal behavior, can help us to explain crime and criminal behavior. Using a theoretical framework based on Bourdieu and Putnam's theory and previous research, 7 hypotheses were developed. To test the hypothesis, a sample of 380 young people between 18 and 29 years old with a multi-stage random sampling has been selected from all regions of Yazd city. Sampling was based on Morgan's table. Results showed that there are significant difference between male and female in criminal behavior, and also there is a significant difference between of youth criminal behavior based on occupational classes for parents. The results of multiple regressions revealed that five variables, satisfaction and intimacy in community, participation in crime prevention in neighborhood, social network, social trust, father's education and mother's education in general have explain 32 percent of change in youth criminal behavior.

The globalization is undeniable a process that the more we resisted, we will go further the way and the more we go away from it, more to come trap caught. Culturl globalization thought, suggests interction and involvement of cultures. It means first of all, cultures emerge behind the policies, economy and powers and second sometimes pose directly. In this situation, some resistances take place by culture. This study investigate the factors related to experience of cultural globalization of Shirazian youth between 14-30 years old. This study has been conducted using the survey method and the data needed have been taken applying self-report questionnaires. Findings show that there is significant relation between such as: new life styles, religiousness, trust to a friends, and trust to a family and attitude to cultural globalization. Also, based on regression analysis results, we can conclude that 31% of the dependent variable changes will be explained, by considering inserted variables into the regression model.

One of the Iran’s religious society’s concerns is preservation and promotion of religious identity. In the past few decades, globalization has affected various aspects of Iranian’s individual and social life. This study analyzes the effects of cultural globalization on the religious identity of two ethnic groups: Lurs residing in Noor-Abad Mamasani and Arabs living in the Kangan and environs. First of all, we reviewed the literature of this topic and then chose a theoretical framework based on the Gidden's ideas. The sample of research is 770 residents of 15 to 64 ages, living in the two above- mentioned towns that were selected by multistage random sampling. Using exploratory factor analysis technique, 10 life styles in Shiraz were found and named according to variable nature. The findings show a significant difference between Lurs and Arab ethnic group’s religious identity. Also results of the multivariate regression technique show that Religious Lifestyle, Scientific–Educational style, Reflection, Sports style, Awareness of Globalization, Cultural Participation style, and Mobile Style respectively explain 36.3% of the changes of religious identity.

Adolescence is a valuable time to learn social responsibility، Because in this period person likes to have more independnce And should make decisions about some values ​​and behavioral methods. One of the major factors that can leed to choices of teens is the levels of personal and social responsibility. In this way، this study is investigating the relationship between life style and social and personal responsibility among Shirazian students. This study has been conducted using the survey method and the data needed have been taken applying self-report questionnaires. In general، findings show that although personal responsibility and responsibility in school among girls is more than boys، but also social responsibility of boys is more than girls. In addition social and personal responsibility and responsibility in school have significant relationship with different dimensions of life style.

This paper is to examine the relationship between cultural globalization and the social acceptance of the body in girls and women in Kermanshah city. Synthesized theoretical framework was formulated by following the theories of Giddens and Robertson. The method of this study was survey and the main research tool was questionnaire. The sampling method used in the survey was multi-stage share random sampling. Sample size estimated according to Lin Table was 600. The results show a significant relationship between the modernism، reflection، sex role attitude، foreign mass media and globalization consciousness (R2=28. 8) with social acceptance of the body (total).

The concept of social security, feeling of security and citizenship are key elements in achieving development. Sociologists and criminologists have always paid special attention to them. Study of the factors influencing feeling of security can increase our chance to facilitate its increase. Also enhance citizen's feeling of security and welfare of the citizens can lead to better acceptance of responsibility and commitment. The widespread use of social media in recent years and the impact of media on society have led to many scholars to think about security and how it is projected in media. The aim of this research is to study the effects of mass media on the population of Sanandaj in terms of feeling of social security, which has be divided into three aspects in this research: instability, insecurity and lack of imagination. We argue that when any of these aspects constituting security is absent, people feel unsafe, and when all the three are present, full security is established. Also, when people suffer from some kind of insecurity, they assume that there is no security at all. In general then we can say that the concept of social security means a feeling of mental peace. For women, it means how much they are protected against risks and harassments coming from others. The main variables investigated in relation to the impact of the media on people's sense of security stem from Becker's (1998) theoretical framework. Becker admits that the media is able to manipulate the patterns of social interaction and social values change. In this paper, we focus on this structuring approach, with theories such as magic bullet or hypodermic needle, priming, cultivation, spiral of silence, cultural imperialism, and theory of agenda setting. According to agenda setting the focus of the media on public issues is limited in its understanding of the issues.The research method used in this study is survey. Research population includes women of 15-35 years old in the city of Sanandaj. Sample size was obtained through Lin formula to be 382. We selected these individuals through random multi-stage sampling method. Discussion of Results & The findings suggest that gender, marital status, housing type, housing conditions, have meaningful relationships with sense of social security among research population. To test the impact of media on sense of security, two-way analysis of variance was used. The results suggest a positive relationship between media consumption and feeling of security. In particular, the results indicated that a combination of using local television and local radio has the greatest positive impact on the sense of security. Next, a combination of using internet, mobile phones, and mobile Internet can be mentioned. We can say that in order to increase feeling of security people should be encouraged to use local media outlets. However, it is necessary that their trust can be obtained so they believe what they are given as information is true.The present century is the era of communication and information. It is important to note that the media itself is now more important than the accuracy if the information provided by this media. Hence it is important to inform and educate audience. Through "media literacy", it becomes possible to convert audience as passive recipients of information into active analyzers of media's content.

The purpose of the present study is to examine relationship between cultural globalization and men''s attitude toward the role of women. The method of this study was survey and its tool was questionnaire. The sampling method used in this survey was multi-stage share random sampling. Sample size that was estimated according to Lean Table with 95 percent significance level was 383. After reviewing local and international literature and considering theories about cultural globalization and men''s attitude towards women''s role، a synthesized theoretical framework regarding theories of Giddens and Robertson was formulated. Findings of the bivariate analysis show significant relations between some variables including: reflexivity، sporty life style، scientific cultural life style، awareness of globalization، ICT and traditional life style، inner mass media with Modern Men''s attitude towards women''s role. Moreover، results show significant relations between the reflexivity، traditional life style and inner mass media withTraditional Men''s attitude towards women''s role.

The paper is an attempt to examine the relationship between Globalization and the extent of religiosity among the women in cities of Tehran, Shiraz and Estahban. The theoretical framework of the study is based on Giddens’s ideas on the process of modernity and how modern institutions play a role in Identity-formation. In order to test such claims, I launched a survey on 2200 samples whose age ranged between 16 and 45. The samples were selected randomly in the three cities that I considered them the units of analysis. As for the data collection procedure, I used a survey-based research using questionnaires containing questions that operationalized my theoretical claims. Some of the findings indicate that variables such as the modern social identity, modernism and the egalitarian attitude towards gender roles, on the whole, explain some 33 percent of the total secular behavior of the women in selected cities. The study also revealed that reinforcing religious values and improving the women's awareness about the changes and the process of globalization require participatory planning and far more numerous research projects. Taking such measures will divert the potential threats of globalizations and can turn it into opportunities for women.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between religiosity and the quality of life among youth in Shiraz. To do so, at first the related literature in Iranian and international publications has been reviewed, and then a theoretical framework based on ecological theory has been proposed as well as five hypotheses have been established. For testing hypothesis, the survey method has been used, in this case, 550 youth between 15 to 29 ages has been chosen as population by systematic random sampling. Findings show that variables at micro level (age, lower class & upper class) and at macro level (religious rituals, religious consumptions and religious beliefs) as a whole could explain 25 percent of variation of QOL of youth. The research shows that the improvement of the religious beliefs has an effect positively on mental and social heath as well as quality of life

Women's movement in Iran started in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries under the influence of modernism imported from Europe. This movement has two main trends in Qajar and Pahlavi periods: (a) western oriented and (b) Islamic stream. During Qajar rule both trends were not well formed. They acted under the influence of main socio-political social movement flows of the society. In Pahlavi era western oriented movement was promoted by the state and the Islamic stream marginalized. In the first and second decades of Islamic Republic time the Islamists were baked by the government. In the third decade of the revolutionary government, open atmosphere of the society causes four groups to be recognized: (a) a western oriented group, (b) amodernized Islamic group, (c) a traditional Islamic group, and 9d) a progressive Islamist group. This paper will review the historical path of the movement in brief and will introduce the four competing trends of the day.