فهرست مطالب dolat-shahi

In this paper, a new method for improving line sensitivity of a low voltage and low power voltage reference is presented. In this new proposed topology, a bandgap voltage reference is used in the first stage and significantly improved line sensitivity through feeding supply voltage of a thermal voltage reference in the second stage. In comparision to similar counterparts, this structure has better line sensitivity and in the order of 0.079 %/V. Due to the use of subthreshold regime MOSFETs, optimized design and also low supply voltage of 250 mV, the obtained power dissipation is about 32.6 pW which is categorized in low power voltage references. The proposed circuit is simulated in a 0.18um CMOS process and for evaluation in near to reality conditions, effects of process and mismatch on the circuit’s performance are also investigated in this work.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and essential nutrient for metabolic and physiological processes in the human body. Vitamin D is a vitally important substance for the body due to its role as vitamin and hormone. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different educational programs on vitamin D level of middle-aged women. This cross-sectional experimental study was conducted during spring and summer seasons (Six months) in Karaj, Iran, in 2017. Sampling was performed randomly from middle-aged women (30-59 years old with vitamin D deficiency) that refer to comprehensive health centers. 240 middle-aged women were selected and randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=60 in each group). Preventive behaviors education, supplemental usage education, combination of preventive behaviors and supplemental usage education and control were considered for first to forth groups respectively. After 6 months intervention, the vitamin D serum level in all subjects was measured. The data were analyzed by Independent t test, one way analysis of variance and post hoc test using SPSS 21 software.
Findings: All of intervention groups had significant difference with control group (p<0.05). The level of vitamin D for group 3 was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). The preventive behaviors and supplementation usage are effective to compensate vitamin D deficiency in middle-aged women, but the combination of preventive behaviors and supplemental usage is more effective.

The aim of this paper is to investigate a new energy dissipating system in steel moment resisting frames using finite element method, namely, slitted moment resisting frame system. Moment resisting frames are considered as one the most favorable novel lateral force resisting system. However, the minimum requirement of the beam span to depth ratio, to form the plastic hinges at the two ends of the beam to satisfy. By placing a sheer fuse in the middle of the beam, the flexural plastic hinges are transferred to the middle of the beam through nonlinear shear behavior. Therefore, shear fuse yielding precedes flexural yielding at the two ends of the beam and consequently the proposed system satisfies the code limitations. The fuse is a part of the beam, which, by entering into the nonlinear behavior, prevents other part of the beam from entering into the nonlinear behavior. Numerical models of the proposed system are developed in ABAQUS and are compared against the experimental results.

In order to test the hypothesis of connection between the changes in climatic parameters and declining northern Zagros forests in the west of Iran, long-trends of meteorological parameters and reference evapotranspiration (ET0) on seasonal and annual time scales using three synoptic meteorological stations of Piranshahr, Saghez, and Khoram-Abad were examined. The Penman-Monteith combination equation was applied to calculate the ET0. To examine the long-term trends of meteorological parameters and ET0, the non-parametric tests of Mann-Kendal and Spearman were used and the significance of the slope of trends lines was tested using the Sen-slope estimator. Results showed that the increasing trends of air temperature in Piranshahr (1986-2009) were statistically significant (P

Discrete torque generation mechanism and inherently nonlinear magnetic characterization of switched reluctance motors lead to unacceptable torque ripple and reduce the variety of applications in industry. In this paper, a phase current profiling technique and torque sharing function are proposed considering magnetic saturation effects as well as minimizing power loss during the commutation area between the adjacent phases. Constant torque trajectories are considered in incoming and outgoing phase currents plane based on nonlinear T-i-theta curves which are obtained from experimental measurements. Optimum points on constant torque trajectories are selected based on improving drive efficiency and minimizing copper loss in each rotor position. In order to implement the proposed method, experimental measurements were undertaken to obtain the motor operational characterizations. A modification scheme based on logical rules will be introduced to enhance maximum speed with torque free operation. Experimental and simulation results on four phase, 4Kw 8/6 SRM, validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Consequences of air pollution on the health effects، including the formation and aggravation of respiratory، neurological and cardiovascular disease، caused air quality monitoring and control as something inevitable in most urban & industrial areas issue that should be raised at national level. Industries are among important pollutant factors of the environment that contaminate their surrounding at the first step. Since air pollution monitoring has not been done in the air surrounding Barez Industrial Complex، therefore a research study is required to review air quality. This study is of descriptive–cross sectional type and was performed from June to November of 2011. Monitoring of conventional pollutants (NO2،SO2،O3،PM10،CO) HC، and precipitated particulates was performed through interpolation between the concentration of pollutants inside the plant and its comparison with Air Quality Index (AQI). Air plant area was measured and evaluated in four symmetric directions and two different radii، and eight stations and three times a month for six months. 152 & 48 samples were taken from each pollutant and precipitated particles respectively. Air Quality was determined based on Iranian standard. the results of the tests showed that mean daily maximum concentration particulate matter (PM10) was 127/65 µgr/m3، nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equal 38/14 ppb، sulfur dioxide (SO2) equal 88/4 ppb،carbon monoxide (CO) equal 1/38 ppm، ozone (O3) equal 49/19 ppb. the carbohydrates equal 0/095 ppm and the monthly overage concentration of settleable particles13/35 gr/m2. mon. In all cases have been below the limit allow. Also the air quality index of all samples was within Iran’s air quality standards، WHO guidelines US-E and PA standards. Air quality is of suitable status in terms of maintaining health of workers & visitors. considering that the concentration of suspended particles (PM10) and the SO2 emissions are higher than other pollutants necessary measures should now be taken to prevent their concentration increase which may exceed the standards in future if proceed with present trend.

The present study is planned to investigate the efficacy of filial thera-py on reducing mother stress with six and seven years old sons with externa-lizing disorders in Iran. In this single subject study, six mothers whose chil-dren according to their scores on the Child Behavior Checklist are above the normal range were selected in jud-gmental sampling method. Before intervention initiation, parents were evaluated by “Parenting Stress Inventory-Short Form” to establish a baseline three times with a 3-week interval between each session. Then participant attended nine weekly one-hour and half group session. At third, sixth, and ninth sessions, partici-pant was evaluated once more. At the end of the treatment intervention they were tested again, twice with two weeks interval. Repeated measures were used in order to determine the effectiveness of treatment on the entire descent group member too. Examinati-on of diagrams indicates that all participants expect two subjects, show significant changes in mother’s stress. So, an observed percentage recovery between 0.04% to 23% was found with an average to high effect size. However, results did not reach to significant level for two participants who did not complete the process of intervention. In repeated measure test with Huynh-Felt test, results indicate that filial therapy is effective for redu-cing mother’s stress with six and seven years old sons with externalizi-ng disorder (p<0.012).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of rTMS (repetitive transcranial of magnetic stimulation) in clinical improvement and the signs reduction process of depression in patients with recurrent major depression disorder. Using a quasi experimental، pretest-posttest design with control group، a sample consisting of 32 patients who had recurrent depression on the basis of SCID & BDI scale and were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group underwent 20 sessions of rTMS as the independent factor and both groups (control & experimental) had 12 session psychotherapy and drugs treatment. Upon the intervention، both groups were tested with triplex tests to determine the effect of the independent factor on the dependent factor of rTMS. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and repeated measures. The beck depression scale and SCID clinical interview have showed that treatment with rTMS has significant effect in clinical improvement (P≤0/049 &P≤0/012) and also comparison post test mean in depression scale with pretest mean in both groups have reduced significantly (P≤0/001) but the reduction in experimental group has been more (18/25 versus 4/19). This shows that in comparison with usual treatment، rTMS results in more reduction in depression signs. rTMS is effective in treatment of patients with recurrent major depression and this method can be used in combination treatment for depression.

Cognitive processes, such as attention span and reaction time play a key role in a variety of practical realms. An effective method which can be applied to increase the concentration, attention and also the alteration of reaction time is neurofeedback training. The research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of neurofeedback training in the attention and reaction time of novice tennis players. Therefore,a sample of 36 volunteers was randomly selected and assigned to experimental group (real neurofeedback) and placebo group (simulated neurofeedback),through employing a semi-experimental method with pre test, post-test and control group design.Both groups were assessed in terms of attention span and reaction time prior and subsequent to the training. The result of difference variance analysis indicated that neurofeedback training is effective in decreasing the reaction time. However, no support was found in terms of attention span. Overall, it can be concluded that neurofeedback training is effective in the enhancement of cognitive performance, particularly, the decrease of reaction time.

This research aims at identifying the early maladaptive schemas (ems s) in opium – dependent ones in comparision with the peer independent ones in two groups was assessed. For sampling. 30 ones who were opium – dependents and had referred to addiction quitting centers along with 30 healthy ones who had not experience any drug abuse were replicated according to their age, gender,material status and education to be able to conduct the biographical inventory and questionnaires of young schema. Considering the sampling framework, through simple randomization, the subjects were chosen from the list of ones who referred to aban addiction quitting center, Tehran. Using spss & through the independent t – test, the data were analyzed. the finding revealed that in disconnection and rejection domains as well as autonomy and impaired performance, there were significant differences at 0.001 level of significance. in addiction 0.05, there was a significant difference in directionalitydomain. in general, in all schemas, the opium dependents had more inefficiency, but in impaired limits, vigilance and avoidance domains, the difference was not significant. Thus, being familiar with them in non – clinical cases, can lead to individuals self-consciousness as well as experts awereness of the problems which can help the planners to solve some abnormalities. In clinical ones, concerning this problem, it may result in simpler and shorter treatments. professionally speaking; independent ones because of significant differences bet ween esm s in predication and treatment, the suitable procedures should be deal with.

This research compared the efficacy of Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Couple Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Couple therapy based on single case design. 8 couples were selected and after matching allocated in two groups (4 couples in ECBCT and 4 couples in IBCT). Each couples received 16 sessions of Therapy separately. After determining baseline in first session, each couples responded to Dyadic adjustment scale (DAS) in sessions 4, 8, 12, 16. Analyzing the results showed that both methods increased marital satisfaction. But IBCT was more effective. There was no difference between men and women. There was no change in results in two months follow up.

Inhibition is an important component of Executive functions which has been postulated as one of important Neuro Psychological correlates (or even causal) of Conduct Disorder. Different researches have reported inconsistent findings of executive function deficits in children with conduct disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare inhibition in children with conduct disorder and normal group. Using CSI-4 and Raven test, 38 children (19 boys as conduct disorder group and 19 boys as comparable group) aged 8 to 11 years, were selected. Using Continuous Performance Test and GO-NO/GO Test, inhibition was compared in two groups. The results indicated that two groups did not have significant difference in commission error which is an indicator of inhibition but they have significant difference in reaction time. The present study showed that children with Conduct Disorder without concurrent Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, compared with normal group, have no deficits in inhibition and inhibition deficits, probability are not the central impairment in conduct disorder.

Background/ Comparing anatomicopathologic findings in complicated and uncomplicated lower-limb varicose veins by ultrasonography.Patients and Totally, 231 consecutive patients [148 (64%) men; mean age, 46.8± 14.3 years (range: 16-88 years)]; 155 (54%) left and 132 (46%) right variceal legs were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography with color-flow imaging using a 7.5-10 MHZ linear probe. The lower extremity venous system (including perforators and valves) were evaluated in the supine and standing position, at rest and during Valsalva's maneuver. Chi square and Fischer's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. We also performed a logistic regression analysis considering presence of any type of complication as the dependent variable and anatomic pathologies as independent variables. Of the 287 limbs with varicose veins, 124 (43%) had at least one complication (ulceration, pigmentation or infection). The highest complication rate was seen simultaneously with chronic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with segmental obstruction (76.9) and the lowest complication rate in the incompetent valves was seen in patients with perforan vein reflux (50.4%).Mostly, the complication rate was higher in patients with the pathology in comparison to patients without it (p values<0.005). In a multivariate logistic regression model, presence of DVT and saphenofemoral incompetency were statistically significant in the model in comparison to other pathologies (OR=10.6 and 7, respectively, p values<0.02).In 175 patients (75.8%) one of the legs were involved Presence of ulcer, pigmentation and infection are significantly associated with a higher incidence of DVT, deep vein, saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal incompetency in patients with lower limb varices.

This study aimed at the efficacy of "Neurofeedback", "Compared to Ritalin" and "Combined Neurofeedback and Ritalin" for managing and controlling ADHD symptoms through an experimental design. Sixteen students with ADHD (combined type) were assigned to three different therapeutic settings("Neurofeedback", "Ritalin", and "Combined Neurofeedback and Ritalin") and one Waiting-List setting. All participants were assessed through the following measures: pre-and-post-tests and a continuous performance test (the Iran TOVA), WISC-R, and Conner's Test- Parent Form. The Results revealed that "Combined Neurofeedback and Ritalin" setting is more effective than the other two interventions, while, the efficacy of Neurofeedback is equal to Ritalin. Parents were more satisfied with neurofeedback than medication (as Conner's post test scores reflect). These results corresponded to those of other studies which employed a multidimensional therapeutic approach. Furthermore, it can be concluded that Neurofeedback is a good alternative when patients dont respond to medication or medication has negative side effects.