elham hatami golzari

Architecture is considered as a container for human life and in this regard, is necessary which the continuity/evolution in the dimensions of the durability of architectural buildings and the influence of external factors, should be considered urban designers and architects, in order for the interaction and social interaction between the individual and that work to be formed based on the interaction between the characteristics of the work and the mental image of the audience. 

Research Aim:

Considering the importance of architectural permanence in the context of time and the impact of various factors, the purpose of this study is to presentation a model of durability architecture (continuity/evolution) in the design of Tabriz commercial complexes in the post-Crown era.

The research method is mixed (a combination of quantitative-qualitative methods) with a practical purpose and analytical-contextual nature, and in order to analyze the information has been used structural equation modeling in AMOS software.

Studied Area: 

The geographical scope of the research includes the city of Tabriz and its commercial complexes.

Findings show that among the internal variables (architecture itself) the most impact on the durability of architecture is related to the strength of structures, attention to technology and technology in architecture and emphasis on values and culture of society with a value of 0.92, 0.88 and 0.85 respectively and among the external variables (corona effect) related to the variety of services for the benefit of the residents of the area (region) and the lack of extensive relocation, considering a precondition at the entrance of the complex to disinfect and use new materials with anti-aging properties. Bacterial values are 0.84, 0.70 and 0.66, respectively.

The results indicate that the sustainable architectural model of commercial complexes can be compiled based on the consideration of the background factors (the architecture itself) and external factors (the effects of the epidemic) in the three dimensions of body, function and identity-meaning.

Nowadays, urban planning and development primary goal is to create desirable places (neighborhoods) for life through human connection with place, in other words, to promote a sense of spatial belonging. In this regard, considering the importance of neighborhood-based planning and development in achieving urban development and the effective role of human connection with neighborhoods and its development, the purpose of this study is identify the components that explain the sense of spatial belonging in in urban new neighborhoods of Tabriz (Yaghchian neighborhood). The research method is applied in terms of application and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature, which in order to analyze the information, has been used the model of the minimum partial inputs in the Warp-PLS software. Also, the statistical population of the study is residents of Yaghchian neighborhood (about 150,000 people), which the sample size is estimated at 384 people based on Cochran's formula and 340 has been reduced based on Cochran's modified formula. Findings of the research based on the structural model indicate that in the study neighborhood, the components that explain the sense of spatial belonging are in the first place: flexibility, comfort and attractiveness with a value of 0.65, 0.59 and 0.44, respectively, in the second place: sensory and emotional belonging, visual and social appearance with a value of 0.41 and 0.38, respectively, and in the third place: conceptual belonging, place identity and personality, readability and perceptual ability and perception of place with a value of 0.32, 0.27, and 0.22, respectively.

Due to the urban sprawl in the world that has been created as a result of urban development. Extensive changes in cities and their populations have led to demographic and environmental crises. New strategies, including smart growth, have been proposed to overcome this challenge with the approach of guiding cities towards a more sustainable environmental approach. The purpose of this study is to measure the environmental sustainability of Tabriz based on environmental indicators of urban smart growth.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology; And data collection was based on library and survey methods. The statistical population of the study includes all specialists and professors of environment and urban planning in the city of Tabriz. The sample size is 25 experts. Structural equation method (SEM) was used to analyze the data using Smart Pls software.

The results showed that for environmental sustainability in the city of Tabriz, among the environmental indicators of urban smart growth, air pollution index, green space and outdoor space with coefficients extracted based on the research structural model of 0.825, 0.799 and 0.781 has the highest and waste production with a coefficient of 0.705 has the lowest impact.Discussion and

As a result, in order to achieve environmental sustainability in the city of Tabriz, much attention should be paid to environmental indicators of smart growth.

Persistent spaces and phenomena over time and load and become part of collective memories. In this way, paying attention to the durability of space design increases the sense of belonging to space, in this case space does not belong only to the present. Considering the importance of sustainability, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the survival of urban spaces, with emphasis on the multiplication of effective daily life in three areas of the Tabriz market (Grand mosque, Rasteh bazar, and Saheb-ol-amr square). The research method is a descriptive-analytic study used for collecting information using documentary and field (survey) method. Also, in this research, in addition to applying the qualitative method for analyzing the causes of durability in the studied areas, quantitative method of analysis of variance was used to investigate the durability of urban spaces in the studied areas. The findings of the research indicate that within the boundaries of the Grand mosque, the spirituality factor (0.376), socioeconomic and functional (0.352), in the range of Rasteh bazar of the identity factor (0.314) and within the range of Saheb-ol-amr square, the factor of spirituality (0.327) and identity (0.305) is the most important reason for the survival of the studied areas. The results also show that the various components of everyday life have oddities that, while repeated in the daily life cycle, are linear (progressive, regressive, and fixed), which in two parts are all in part and in part In general, they affect the survival and decline of spaces. In the meantime, the approaches and cultural components derived from the whole are in part like the rituals and cultures of a community, have and will have a significant impact on the survival and increase of durability of spaces. Therefore, the continuation of rituals and cultural ceremonies in the studied areas can provide a lasting space for these spaces.

Architecture is the embodiment of the culture of a society that is presented and expressed in the form of the physical body and judged. Today, one of the most important issues that architects have come to be interested is the need to durability in architecture and revitalize it. In this regard, the paradigm of phenomenology with an interpretive approach emphasizing the spirit and sense of place, seeks to identify the factors influencing the continuity and durability of place conditioned of human experience and its interpretation, which the researcher is aware of through the interaction with the subject matter. Recognition in this view is not objective and material and has different dimensions and interpretations. In this regard, the purpose of the present research is to emphasize the phenomenological approach in order to discover the architectural durability implications in Tabriz historical Bazaar. the phenomenological approach emphasizing the relationship between elements in one place (the formation of a platform), as well as the human relationship with these elements (to achieve the objective and subjective understanding of the place and to unite with it), seek to examine the spirit and sense of place, which is The main factors are the durability of the place.The system of interpretation and approach of present research is phenomenology, and method of analysis is qualitative methodology and the ground theory method is used for information analysis and the presentation of the final theory. In this regard, the architectural space of the Tabriz Bazaar complex as a model was examined in three components of meaning and identity, the body and space and function; In this research, in addition to being in space and gathering ethnographic information in the field of information gathering, which includes interviewing techniques, deep viewing of spaces, imaging, sound recording and studying documents on case studies, the collection of documents and library for The compilation of theoretical background and research literature has been used. At this stage, the investigators participated in the study area and conducted open and deep interviews about data gathering and the elements and components of the representation of these components were returned under the first 15 concepts of identification and coding; In the next step, each of the durability criteria, under each of the dual phenomena of the soul of the place and sense of place (place identity, dependence to place, and place attachment), at several phenomenological levels and using the axial and selective coding Commenting and determining the subject. Finally, seven major categories were identified: Memorable; Identity; Flexibility and the existence of a variety of symptoms in the Bazaar space and appropriate access to various functions; emphasizing the variety of social, economic interactions and Suitable spatial arrangement of buildings with appropriate scenery has been identified and developed on Bazaar architectural durability. Then, at the final stage, by integrating, comparing, and pondering the categories derived from the previous steps, a core category, entitled "Memorizing and creating a sense of belonging to space in the Bazaar complex, as well as functional development in the linear and progressive axis in Different Dimensions of Social, Economic, Spiritual and Historical Preservation "were selected as the continuity factor of Tabriz Bazaar architecture based on phenomenological approach.

Permanent phenomena can take and loads over time and they become part of collective memories. Stability is a kind of historical continuity followed by cultural continuity. Various factors affect the survival of phenomena and purpose of this research is to identify these factors in architecture with emphasis on Tabriz Bazar architecture. The research method in this study is a descriptive – analytical and combination of qualitative and quantitative methods used to collect information by documentary-field method (observation, interviewing and questioning). The findings of the research indicate that the factors affecting the architecture of the Tabriz Bazar have been related to components of meaning and identity, functional and functional and ultimately physical. Also, these approaches have the most impact on the variability of the unique nature of the work (beautiful form, creativity and innovation of the effect, the desired effect), memorizing and creating a sense of belonging to space, combining with other spaces and functions (the existence of combinations) and the quality of presence Man was in the place. The results also show that the socio-cultural, economic and political evolutionary cycles such as values, customs and customs, changes in social interactions and economic relations and the political system governing society have also had different positive and negative effects on the architecture of the Tabriz Bazar.