f. mosakhani

staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial cause of infectious mastitis is usually have reversible nature,chronic and resistant to treatment.one of the most convincing theories offered for the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of S. aureus mastitis is both ability to build virulence factors and ability to generate and growth in structures called biofilms in infected tissues that can lead to resistance to most antibiotics.this research done on milk samples from 20 cows with clinical S.aureus mastitis.the result of antibiogram test are showed 100% resistance to antibiotics penicillin,cloxacillin,kanamycin,neomycin and streptomycin against revealed 100% susceptibility to antibiotics Enrofloxasin,Gentamicin,novobiocin,cobactan,nafpenzal,ceftiofor,florophenicol,lincospectin,   TETRA-DELTA  and gentamox.antibiotic susceptibility to antibiotics Tylosin,lincomycin,soltrim,trimethoprim sulfamethoxazol,tetracycline,ampicillin, and amoxicillin,respectively was  60, 0, 70 ,70, 0, 0, and 45% .about prevalence of fib, fnbB and bap genes that are involved in biofilm formation,results respectively to 85, 80 , 65 and 0% showed.the results indicate high ability of S.aureus in biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics categories Beta-lactam and aminoglycosides.

Parkinson,s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.in this disease activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine level in the striatum.there is much evidence in effect bof oxidative stress as pathogen agents of parkinson,s disease progression.angiotensin II activates NADPH depending oxidases and produce superoxides formation.morus nigar L.extract shows good angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory effects,in vitro.the aim of this study is to study the antioxidant effects of morus nigar L.leaf extract on parkinson,s disease symptoms and oxidative stress markers.48 male rats divided randomly into four groups(n=12 each):1) sham,(2) toxin, (3) captopril, (4) treatment.rate in sham group were used as normal controls.rats in toxin group were injected with 6-OHDA. captopril group were injected i.p. with captopril (5mg/kg) daily 6 days before and 4 &24 hrs after the injection of 6-OHDA and treatment group were injected i.p. with morus nigra L.(10mg/kg) extract daily 6 days before the injection of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra and 4 &24 hrs after it.muscle stiffness,rotation test and histological test were assessed in 6 rats of any groups after 2 weeks.protein oxidation,lipid peroxidation and ACE activity were assessed in brain in 6 rats of any groups 24 hrs,after the 6-OHDA injection.the results suggested that the use of aqueous extract of morus nigra can be useful in reduction of parkinson,s disease symptoms and reduce oxidative stress markers and dopaminergic neuronal death.

Abortion and fetal loss are the most important problems in industrial dairy cattle, which causing a lot of economiclosses to dairy herds. Abortion causes are classifed into two major classes. Infectious and non-infectious classes,Bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal agents are in infectious causes of abortion and nutritional factors, chemicals,drugs, poisons, are in non-infectious class, poisonous plants and hormonal factors are in non-infectious causes ofabortion. Many infectious agents cause changes in fetus and placenta which some of them are specifc and someare shared with other agents. Many aborted fetuses can be detected by careful review of pathological fndingsand can be solved in order to be tried in the herd. Pathological changes in aborted fetuses can be investigatedby macroscopic and microscopic survey. On the basis of existing studies, some of the pathological lesions arecompletely specifc and can be detected by microscopic observation. To determine the causes of abortion inTehran province dairy herds and their macroscopic and microscopic lesions, 200 aborted fetuses were collectedin four consecutive seasons. After necropsy, the macroscopic lesions in their various organs were observed andtissue samples obtained from the brain, cerebellum, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, lung and skeletal muscle werefxed in neutral buffered 10% formalin, routinely embedded in paraffn and stained with H&E. The results ofthis study showed that most abortions in dairy herds of the west region of Tehran province are due to 4 diseases:Neosporosis, BVD, Leptospirosis and IBR. On the basis of these results, each one had its specifc histopathologicalcharacteristics which can be used for the purpose of diagnosis.

Subclinical and clinical hypocalcaemia (milk fever) are two major causes of economic loss in dairy cattle.At the onset of lactation, cows demand is 2.3gr calcium per kg of colostrum which is about nine times as muchcalcium as it is present in the entire plasma which could result in milk fever. The economic losses of milk feverinclude: milk fever relapses‚ downer cow‚ dystocia and reproductive disease.In this study effect of oral administration of calcium lactate bolus evaluated in a diary farm. Twenty four out of48 pregnant cows randomly selected and treated with calcium bolus at calving or 12 hours after calving, the restwas considered as control group. Blood samples were collected from cows at 24 and 48 hours after calving andanalyzed for serum total calcium level in both control and treatment group. Statistical analysis showed signifcantdifferences between control and treatment groups (p<0.05).

Cleft palate is one of the common congenital disorders in calves that might be associated with other defects such as harelip,brachygnathia, arthrogryposis, etc. The objective of this study was to introduce brachygnathia inferior, cleft palate, accumulation of serumen in the ear in a calf. A Holstein calf with aformentioned abnormalities , 47 days after birth was clinically examined in a dairy herd in Tehran. After clinical examinations, necropsy was performed. At necropsy fndings, cleft palate with 15cm length and 3 cm width was diagnosed. Enlargement and edema in the lymph nodes of digestive system were other congenitaldefects. These defects have not been reported in a calf in the literature