فهرست مطالب farahnaz kakavand

The use of immune stimulants such as probiotics improves the physiological condition of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides on the immune parameters of rainbow trout serum and mucus. For this purpose, a number of 120 tilapia fry for 42 days in 4 experimental groups (each group contains 10 fish) with 3 repetitions including: treatment (1) control, without fructolycosaccharide prebiotic, treatment (2) food containing 0.05 treatment ( 3) food containing 0.1% and treatment (4) food containing 0.2% prebiotic were divided. After the end of the feeding period, biochemical indices of fish serum and mucus were evaluated at different levels. The serum immune indices in the treatments fed with probiotics on day 40 were significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). The results of statistical analysis showed that the use of fructo-lycosaccharide had a positive effect on serum immunity indicators and among serum immunity indicators, AST enzyme level, albumin, glucose and total protein showed better effects. Experimental treatments had a significant effect on alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme enzyme, soluble protein and mucus immunoglobulin (p < 0.05), so that the amount of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme enzyme and soluble mucus protein due to treatments fed with prebiotics and with increasing prebiotic concentration, It increased significantly, but the amount of mucus immunoglobulin decreased due to treatments fed with prebiotic and with increasing its concentration. The general conclusion of this study shows that the level of 0.2% fructolicosaccharide prebiotic on the 40th day can partially strengthen the skin mucus indices and the serum indices of rainbow trout and it was found that the addition of prebiotics to the diet It has a significant effect and strengthens the immune system.

Contaminants in aquatic ecosystems cause tissue damage in fish. In some cases, the effects of pesticide degradation on non-target organisms (aquatic) are greater than on target organisms (pests), which in turn causes faster and more aquatic deaths. The use of safety stimuli seems to be essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different prebiotic levels of Pleurotus ostreatus on histological characteristics of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to chlorpyrifos. This research was conducted in the fall of 2019. For this purpose, 120 tilapia fry were divided into 4 treatments for 42 days. Then, 0.5 ppm concentration of chlorpyrifos was added to each group for 16 days. At the end of the period, the fish were anesthetized with clove anesthetic solution (220 mg / l) and their liver tissue and gills were isolated for histological studies.  The results showed that the treatments exposed to 0.5 ppm chlorpyrifos (poisoned control without prebiotics) had the most destructive effect on liver and gill tissue. However, combined prebiotic treatments of Pleurotus ostreatus and chlorpyrifos improved tissue damage, indicating detoxification, and a concentration of 0.2 ppt Pleurotus ostreatus had the best performance against tissue damage to the liver and gills of tilapia, indicating improved resistance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on hematological indices of Nil tilapia exposed to silver nitrate. For this purpose, 120 juveniles of tilapia were fed with diet containing 0 (treatment 1, control), 0.05 (treatment 2), 0.1 (treatment 3) and 0.2% (treatment 4) prebiotic oyster mushroom) for 42 days. Then, 0.5ppm of silver nitrate was added to each group for 16 days. Before and after exposing to silver nitrate, fish blood indices were evaluated. Prebiotics alone had no significant effect on RBC, MCV, hematocrit and hemoglobin (P<0.05). But, treatments fed with prebiotics and exposure to silver nitrate toxin showed an increase in WBC, MCHC (in 0.1 and 0.2 treatments), MCH indices compared to the control group. According to the results, oral prebiotics stimulated nonspecific immunity in tilapia and using mushroom prebiotics reduced the destructive effects of the silver nitrate toxin on blood indices. In conclusion, levels of 0.1 and 0.2% of prebiotic oyster mushroom in treatments which exposed to 0.5ppm silver nitrate toxin could improve the blood factor status of tilapia.

Inadequate quality of water and the presence of contaminants such as silver nitrate in water can cause stress in fish and endanger their life by reducing the immune system function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on some immune parameters of tilapia serum exposed to silver nitrate toxin.

120 tilapia were treated for 42 days in 4 groups with 3 replications (n=10). These groups were 1) control, no oyster mushroom prebiotics, 2) food containing 0.05%, 3) food containing 0.1% and 4) food containing 0.2% prebiotic oyster mushrooms. Silver nitrate toxin with a concentration of 0.5 ppm was added to each group for 16 days. Finally, the biochemical parameters of fish in serum were measured.

Serum biochemical parameters in the control group were significantly different from the groups fed with oyster mushrooms (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% oyster mushroom prebiotics) that were exposed to silver nitrate toxin (P<0.05). The use of oyster mushrooms prebiotics had a positive effect on serum biochemical parameters; more effects were observed on AST, albumin, glucose and total protein levels.  

This study showed that the level of 0.2% prebiotic oyster mushroom can partially neutralize the effect of silver nitrate toxin in tilapia.

The presence of emerging nanoparticle contaminants in aquatic environments reduces the safety performance of aquatic animals, so the use of safety stimuli is essential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on tissue damage in the liver and gills of tilapia exposed to silver nanoparticles. For this purpose, 120 juveniles of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) In 4 experimental groups with 3 replications including treatment 1 as a control (fed with food without probiotics), treatment 2, fed with food containing 0.05% probiotics, treatment 3, fed Were fed with food containing 0.1% prebiotics and treatment 4, fed with food containing 0.2% prebiotics and cultured for 42 days, then silver nanoparticles with a concentration of p5 ppm for 16 days. 0. was added to the culture medium of each of the treatments. At the end of the course, the fish were anesthetized with clove anesthetic solution (220 mg / L) and their liver and gill tissues were isolated for histological studies. Treatments exposed to silver nanoparticles showed extensive complications in gill tissue as well as severe injuries and bile stasis in liver tissue. However, the use of oyster mushroom prebiotics was able to reduce the destructive effects of silver nanoparticles on these tissue complications. Treatment of 0.2% with oyster mushroom prebiotics in the diet can have the best protective effect on tissue damage in the liver and gills of tilapia exposed to silver nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.5 ppm.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of prebiotic Pleurotus ostreatus on hematological indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus exposed to chlorpyrifos toxin.A total of120 fish were distributed for 42 days in 4 treatments (each with 3 replicates), including control (1), no prebiotic fungi, (2) food containing 0.05, (3) food containing 0.1 and (4) food contained 0.2% prebiotic. Then, 0.5 ppm of Chlorpyrifos was added to each group for 16 days and their blood parameters were examined. Based on the results, prebiotic alone had no significant effect on erythrocyte count, mean cell volume (MCV), hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cell (p < /em><0.05) but exposure to Chlorpyrifos and prebiotic in combination increased the mentioned factors compared to the control and prebiotic treatments alone. However, the levels of white blood cells and erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCHC were higher than the other treatments in the combination of 0.2 and 0.1% prebiotic and Chlorpyrifos. It is concluded that the 0.1 and 0.2% prebiotic level could have the best effect on the blood indices of Nile tilapia.

The wide use of nano-sized metallic materials could result in the release of these particles into the environment. In addition, due to the dissolution of these nano-materials, some of the adverse effects could result from the dissolved metals. On the other hand, dietary supplements play a key role in improving the immunity of consumers; hence, the use of immune stimulants such as mushroom seems to be very necessary. In this study, the dietary effect of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom was investigated on serum immunity and liver histopathological indices of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Serum total protein level enhanced with increasing prebiotic concentration. Serum immunoglobulin and albumin levels increased in the group treated with Pleurotus ostreatus. The amount of these indices significantly increased at the concentration of 0.2 mg/kg; however, glucose value decreased in both of the experimental groups. Serum ALT and ALP levels significantly reduced in the combined treatment group (AgNPs and mushroom) at the concentration of 0.2 mg/kg, in contrast with the control group. In the combination treatment group (AgNPs and mushroom), the serum AST level significantly reduced at concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg; however, it increased at the concentration of 0.05 mg/kg compared with the control group, indicating that immunological indices could improve due to the combined use of AgNPs and mushroom. The overall conclusion of this study shows that the use of mushroom at 0.2 mg/kg in combination with AgNPs could partially improve the effect of AgNPs on tilapia.