فهرست مطالب fariborz sedighi arfaee

The present study aimed to investigate the Mediating role of Self-Compassion in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas with quality of life, and psychological distress in female students. The research method in this study was descriptive and correlational of structural equations. The statistical population of this research consisted of all female students aged 15 to 20 years old in Kashan in the academic year (1402-1403). 220 female students were selected by the Convenience sampling method. Data were gathered by using the psychological distress Scale (DASS-21, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), the self-compassion Questionnaire (SCQ, Neff, 2003), the quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization, 1996), and the early maladaptive schemas Questionnaire Short form (YSQ-SF, Young, 1999). Data were analyzed through structural equation analysis using the partial least Square method. The results indicated that all schematic domains have a negative and significant direct effect on quality of life and self-compassion, while they have a positive and significant direct effect on psychological distress (P<0.05). Also, self-compassion directly impacts quality of life positively and importantly and on psychological distress in a negative and significant way, and all five domains can indirectly affect quality of life and psychological distress (P<0.05). The model had a good fit. It can be concluded that self-compassion can play a mediating role in the relationship between schematic domains with quality of life, and psychological distress.

At the same time as the rapid growth of technology and the ever-increasing human progress, and considering that the roles and responsibilities of adulthood have expanded and become more complex and teenagers need advanced abilities and skills to enter adulthood, emerging adulthood theory has been proposed to explain these social and economic developments of the late 20th century. One of the main features of this developmental period is the nature of discovery, experimentation and gaining experience. It is a period in which people focus on personal growth and develop the qualities necessary for self-sufficiency, accept new roles and responsibilities, and learn the social skills necessary to assume those roles. Due to the difficulties of this developmental period, qualities such as agency should be considered an important psychological resource. Also, perfectionism, as a tendency to set very high standards in performance along with extreme self-evaluation critically, can be harmful in the path of self-sufficiency and achieving goals, especially in this developmental period. On the other hand, since emerging adulthood is associated with exploration, stress, ambiguity, and the lack of a specific role, one's emotions also fluctuate during this period. In this regard, and considering the features of the emerging adulthood period and the importance of the structures mentioned in this period, increasing the capabilities of people and helping them to successfully transition to adulthood is of particular importance. In the meantime, education based on the logotherapy approach is one of the types of education that can affect a wide range of lives. Therefore, the main goal of the research is to investigate the effectiveness of education based on the logotherapy approach on the
sense of agency, positive affect, and perfectionism in emerging adults.
 
It was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, post-test, control group, and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included all undergraduate students of Isfahan University in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The data collection tools included the human agency scale (consisting of three components of purposefulness, futurism, and general self-efficacy), Hewitt and Flett's perfectionism questionnaire (1991) and Watson et al.'s positive affect scale (1988). The people in the experimental group were trained based on the logotherapy approach (Hutzel, 2002) during 10- to 60-minute sessions. Data analysis was also performed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements.
 
The obtained results showed that the average scores of the feeling of agency and positive affect in the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly in the post-test stage, and the average scores of perfectionism decreased significantly (P≤0.01). Also, the results indicated the permanence of the training effect for the constructs of a sense of agency and perfectionism over time.
 
The results of this research showed that education about discovering meaning in life can affect different aspects of life, including the sense of agency, perfectionism, and positive emotions. Using the results of this research, effective measures can be taken regarding the development of different skills in teenagers and especially emerging adults.

Delinquency is one of the problems of adolescence that can cause disruption of social order and serious problems for the individual, family, and community, and several factors are involved in its occurrence. This study aimed to predict multidimensional delinquency based on emotional development and thought suppression and to investigate the role of gender moderation. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all high school students in Kashan in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 90 students were studied by the convenience sampling method. Data collection with multidimensional delinquency questionnaires (Sahami et al., 1396), emotional development (Singh and Bahargawa, 1974), and the White Bear Suppression Inventory (Wegner and Zanakas, 1994). Results of Simultaneous-entry regression analysis showed that both the variables of emotional development (β=0.45) and thought suppression (β=0.24) can predict multidimensional delinquency in adolescents. The role of gender in the relationship between emotional development and thought suppression and delinquency was also confirmed; This means that the effect of these two variables on delinquency is different in girls and boys, and in boys, it predicts 36% of thought suppression and 41% of emotional deprivation of delinquency, and in girls, it predicts 49% of delinquency. It should be noted that the thought suppression variable in the group of girls was not able to predict multidimensional delinquency. Finally, by taking advantage of these results and providing training on strengthening emotional development and adaptive strategies to deal with stress, a big step can be taken to reduce delinquency in adolescents.

This study aimed to identify the role of mindfulness, maladaptive perfectionism, and positive affect in goal self-concordance. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. The sample included 100 secondary school students in Isfahan in the academic year 2020-2021, who were selected by convenience sampling. Mindfulness Questionnaires, Maladaptive Perfectionism, Positive Affect, and Self-Efficacy were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. In stepwise regression, in the first step, the variable of mindfulness was entered and in the second step, the variable of maladaptive perfectionism was added, and finally, this regression model was able to predict 37% of the variance of goal self-concordance. However, the positive affect variable did not enter the regression equation due to the lack of predictive power. These findings provide new evidence on the importance of choosing self-concordance goals in life and identifying the factors influencing this choice.

The purpose of this study was to predict the occurrence of high-risk behaviors based on behavioral and psychological control of parents and helicopter parenting in emerging adulthood.

The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population consisted of all students of Kashan’s high schools in the academic year of 2019-2020. 375 persons were elected as the sample size using the cluster sampling method. For data collection, the Behavioral control scale, Psychological control scale, Helicopter parenting scale, and a questionnaire of high-risk behaviors were used. Data analysis was done by SPSS - 20 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression).

The correlation results showed that risky behaviors had a significant relationship with behavioral control, psychological control, and helicopter parenting (p <0.05). The results of regression analysis also showed that among the above factors, parental psychological control predicts 10%, and behavioral control predicts 10% of high-risk behaviors in emerging adults (p ≤0.05). According to the results obtained from this study, the need to inform parents and provide them with appropriate education to raise healthy children becomes apparent.

The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role of parent-child conflict in the relationship between family communication patterns and emotional maturation in teenage girls. This research was a correlation study. The statistical population consisted of all female high school students in Kashan, Iran, in the 2019-2020 academic year. Of the statistical population of the research, 250 students were selected through the use of cluster sampling. Data were gathered by the questionnaires of Fitzpatrick & Ritchie Family Communication Patterns, Singh & Bhargava Emotional Maturation and Straus Parent-Child Conflict. Data analyzed by Pearson correlation and Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that model had a good fit. Conversation orientation dimension had a significant negative effect on emotional immaturity and conformity orientation had a significant positive effect on emotional immaturity. Moreover, family conversation orientation had a significant negative effect on parent-child conflict and conformity orientation had a significant positive effect on parent-child conflict. Additionally, parent-child conflict had a mediatory role in the relationship between family communication patterns and emotional maturity of teenage girls. It was also revealed that conversation orientation can reduce parent-child conflict and lead to increase emotional maturation. Conformity orientation, however, increased parent-child conflict, and thus had a negative effect on emotional maturity of teenage girls. Based on the overall results of this study, family communication patterns and parent-child conflict play important roles in emotional maturity of teenage girls.

The goal of this study was evaluation of the effectiveness of schema therapy on academic enthusiasm and body dysmorphic symptoms in students. The research design was quasi-experimental, with pre-test-post-test with a control group. For this purpose, 40 female students in the sixth grade of elementary school studying in Kashan in 2019-2020 were selected through convenience sampling and assigned randomly to two equal groups of 20 individuals. The experimental group then underwent schema therapy training for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention and remained on the waiting list. Participants completed the Frederick’s Questionnaire of Academic Enthusiasm and Y-BOCS-BD in three baseline stages, after a two-month test and follow-up. Data were analyzed using univariate one-way analysis of variance and repeated measures with SPSS21 software. Results of the analysis showed that the scores of the experimental group compared to the control group in academic enthusiasm and body dysmorphic symptoms were changed and this difference is maintained in the follow-up phase. Thus it can be concluded that schema therapy due to its high efficiency, especially when it is held in groups, cheapness, and acceptance by students is an effective strategy to increase academic enthusiasm and help people exposed to body dysmorphic symptoms.

This study aims to anticipate religious orientation based on identity styles among students of Kashan University. Identity, on the one hand, distinguishes between "I" and "we" or "other" and "others", and on the other hand, it is the most important source of recognizing emotions and feelings and organizing individual and collective behaviors within the surrounding society. By integrating different aspects of identity, Berzonsky (1992) presents a process model of identity in which he uses and analyzes identity as a cognitive structure, specific framework, and source for the interpretation of experiences. His model emphasizes the various strategies for information processing that individuals use to explore issues of identity, including politics, religion, and social relations. Besides, according to Allport and Ross's (1967) theory, the religious orientation of individuals is classified into intrinsic and extrinsic categories. Intrinsic religion has become an all-encompassing religion with organized and internalized principles. In people with an intrinsic religious orientation, religion creates a sense of comfort, security, usefulness, and self-compatibility. In other words, people with religious orientation live in harmony with their religious beliefs and rituals, and this leads to greater social security and stability in them. Extrinsic religion, on the other hand, is an external tool used to satisfy one's materialistic needs, such as wealth, status, and security. With such an approach, the present study seeks to answer the question of the extent to which students’ religious orientation can be explained and predicted based on different identity styles of individuals.

Based on the subject under study, the method of the present research is survey and, 150 undergraduate students of Kashan University with an average age of 21.86 years, and a standard deviation of 2.24 years were selected using the convenience sampling method to test the objectives and hypotheses of the research. In the present study, the data collection method was a questionnaire and the students answered a questionnaire including a list of identity styles (ISI-G6) (based on the study of Berzonsky, 1992) and a religious orientation scale (based on the study of Allport & Ross, 1967).

Enter method in multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that informational and normative identity styles directly and diffuse-avoidant style inversely can significantly predict intrinsic religious orientation (P=0/001, F(3 and 146)=28/29, R2=0/368). Extrinsic religious orientation was also predicted inversely and meaningfully through informational and normative styles (P=0/001, F(3 and 146)=48/71, R2=0/50). Explaining the role of informational identity in predicting intrinsic religious orientation, it can be said that people with informational identity structure their lives around their religion. Therefore, to achieve this kind of religious orientation, one needs extensive and comprehensive meditation in all aspects of life and it cannot be achieved without searching and thinking. Moreover, according to the normative identity style, individuals are constantly internalizing the expectations and value of their important others and may have internalized religion as well, despite little exploration. They avoid looking at it superficially and instrumentally. Besides, in explaining the role of avoidant identity style in predicting intrinsic religious orientation in reverse, it can be said that people with avoidant identity style interpret the content of religion superficially and avoid examining personal issues in religious affairs. In general, based on the findings of the present study, different styles of identity can explain 37% of the variance of intrinsic religious orientation and 50% of the variance of extrinsic religious orientation of the studied students. These findings, in line with the findings of some other studies, confirm the close relationship between identity and religion in young people and emphasize that in examining students' religious orientation, special attention should be paid to their identity styles.

Distress tolerance seems to be one of the factors that can have a significant impact on mental health and quality of life in the elderly. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of experiential avoidance, rumination and mindfulness in predicting distress tolerance in elderly of Isfahan province (Isfahan and Kashan). The method of the present study was correlational and the statistical population included all elderly people aged 60 to 75 years living in Isfahan and Kashan nursing homes in 2020, of which 380 were selected using convenience sampling. Used to collect data were Simmons and Gaher’s distress tolerance, Bond et al.’s acceptance and practice, Nolen-Hoxma and Moro’s ruminant response style and Bauer et al.’s mindfulness questionnaires. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis in SPSS software version 22. The results of correlation test showed that distress tolerance is negatively associated with experimental avoidance and rumination as well as positively associated with mindfulness (p≤0.05). Moreover, the results of enter regression analysis also showed that experimental avoidance (β=-0.11), rumination (β=-0.45) and mindfulness (β=0.11) can predict distress tolerance in the elderly. According to the results of the present study, promoting distress tolerance through the training of mindfulness skills and appropriate coping styles, we can empower the elderly against such problems as loss of physical strength, illness, loneliness and disability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on loneliness and social competence in girl adolescents with symptoms of nomophobia. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of female high school students (2020-2019) in Kashan. 40 students with the highest score in the nomophobia questionnaire were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. the nomophobia questionnaire )Yildirim & Correia, 2015), socio-emotional loneliness questionnaire (DiTommasso, Brannen & Best, 2004), and social competence questionnaire (Parandin, 2006) were used to collect data. life skills training program was performed in 10 sessions of 1.5 hours for the members of the experimental group. In order to analyze the data, a multivariate analysis of covariance test was used. the results showed that life skills training has reduced the loneliness and increased social competence in students with nomophobia) p<0/001). According to the results of the present study, it is suggested that the life skills training program be included in the curriculum of students with nomophobia.

Cyber bullying is a phenomenon that has arisen with the advent and development of the Internet and demands its own challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of assertiveness skills training on cyber bullying female students victims in second grade high schools.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research, and in terms of type it is considered as a quantitative study, which was conducted using quasi-experimental design (pre-test-post-test with control group). The statistical population consisted of female high school students (2019-2020), of whom 30 individuals who had the highest score in the Cyber ​​Victim Questionnaire were randomly selected and assigned in two groups of control and experimental. The instruments of the present study were the Cyber ​​Victim Experience Questionnaire (Antonio et al., 2016) and the Schering' Self-Expression (Schering, 1980). The reliability coefficients of these questionnaires have been reported as 0.69 (Basharpour and Zardi, 2019) and 0.88 (Khalatbari et al., 2009), respectively. Then, the assertiveness skills training program was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the members of the experimental group. Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The findings of the present study showed that the training of assertiveness skills caused a significant change in cyber victim scores in the post-test phase (F = 80.68, P = 0.001). Follow-up of the results in a 6-month period also showed the persistence of the effect of assertiveness skills training.

According to the results of the study, it was found that assertiveness skills training to adolescents reduces the cyber victim experience in this age group and by using such training, social harms can be prevented

Mindfulness, a concept influenced by the Buddhist thinking, has attracted the attention of psychologists, psychotherapists, and researchers in the recent years. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are regarded as one of the third generation or third wave cognitive-behavioral therapies. Many research studies have examined factors related to this variable. The present study aims to examine the relationship of mindfulness to resilience in university students.
The research method used in this study was of descriptive-correlational type. The sample consisting of 357 students (203 girls and 154 boys), who were selected from the Faculty of Humanities, the Faculty of Engineering, and Pardis Faculty of the University of Kashan, studying in the year 2016, was taken based on the stratified sampling method in proportion to the size of the strata, For data gathering purposes, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and the Five Factor Mindfulness questionnaire (Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, and Toney, 2006) were used. The obtained alpha coefficient values for variables mindfulness and resilience were 0.733 and 0.856, respectively, and those for the components of mindfulness-observing, describing, acting with awareness, accepting without judging of the inner experience, and non-reactivity to the inner experience- were 0.726, 0.667, 0.802, 0.724, and 0.623, respectively. For data analysis, the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used with SPSS.
There was a significant relationship between mindfulness and resilience among students, as agreed by other similar research (P According to the results of the study, it is suggested that cultural, higher education, and other educational planning authorities throughout the country pay more attention to the improvement of mindfulness and resilience in university students and provide training in this area.

Previous studies conducted on attachment theory reflect the importance of attachment in different aspects of life. Based on this theory, attachment affects the quality of life and individual differences in methods of coping with stress. Given the importance ofthis issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and methods of coping with stress.
The sample consisted of 400 students at the University of Kashan in 2014-2015 academic year. In the first stage, cluster sampling and then stratified sampling was used for participant selection for the study. Hazan and Shaver”s (1987) attachment styles questionnaire and coping styles scale by Endler and Parker (1990) were used for data collection. For data analysis, descriptive methods, correlation, regression analysis and analysis of variance were used.
Results showed links between insecure and secure attachment styles on the one hand and problem-solving approaches to coping style on the other. In examining relationships between attachment styles, a significant difference in the results was found for insecure attachment. The use of different coping styles was found to be gender independent.
People with secure attachment style use problem-solving approaches to coping style. Based on the results, the formation and strengthening of attachment during growth and development affects adulthood and should be emphasized. Therefore, the creation of secure attachment for students, followed by the correct use of the stress coping styles can dramatically increase success among students in the country.

Approximately 10% of world populations are suffering from disabilities, nearly one third of whom are children. Mindfulness and perceived social support have significant roles in improving the mental health of retarded children’s mothers. The present study was carried out to determine the significance of the relationship between mindfulness, perceived social support and mental health of retarded children's mothers.
The present study is correlational. The study population consisted of all mothers of children with intellectual disabilities, who were referring to childcare for children with such disabilities in Kashan. Using cluster sampling method, 80 mothers were selected and were tested by Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) and Goldberg General Health questionnaire.
The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mindfulness, social support with mental health in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
According to the results of this research, mindfulness and perceived social support predict mental health. Thus, by strengthening the social support and mindfulness training, the mental health of the mothers of children with intellectual disabilities can be improved and their mental disorders can be prevented.