farideh doostan

Household food insecurity is one of the major public health issues that may affect an individual’s nutritional state, especially in patients with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of household food insecurity and its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors among patients with HIV/AIDS in Kerman province, Iran.

A cross sectional study was performed among the 179 patients with HIV/AIDS in Kerman province. Participants completed a questionnaire focusing on personal information, health, and clinical status. Also, household food security status was evaluated by the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22) by descriptive, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Overall, 98 responding men and women were classified as household food secure (n=41; 40.8%) and household food insecure (n=58; 59.2%). Among the household food insecure patients, 14% (n=8) experienced lower household food insecurity, 38% (n=22) moderate household food insecurity, and 48% (n=28) severe household food insecurity. No significant differences were observed between household food secure and insecure groups in demographic variables. In clinical variables, only BMI index was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.040), but CD4 count was not significant between groups (p=0.220).

Prevalence of household food insecurity was high among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kerman. It seems clinical variables such as BMI index, which indicates the nutritional status of individuals, affect household food security status among people living with HIV/AIDS.

Hepatotoxicity—the most important side effect of the Methotrexate (MTX)—seems to relate to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Pomegranate has high anti-oxidant capacities. We studied if MTX-induced hepatotoxicity can be protected by pomegranate peel and seed methanolic extracts (PPE and PSE) in rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided on the basis of: orally received normal saline as control, orally received 500 mg/kg PSE, orally received 500 mg/kg PPE, intramuscularly (IM) received 10 mg/kg MTX, MTX- and PSE-received, and MTX- and PPE-received groups. After the intervention, blood and liver samples were obtained. The results showed considerable antioxidant activity (510.7 ± 2.5 µg/ml) and total phenolic content (147.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g extract) of PSE and PPE, respectively. The ALT value reached the levels of the control group after treatment with PSE in PSE + MTX group. The serum level of ALT showed a significant increase in PPE+MTX group in comparison with MTX group. The results indicated that the PSE and PPE did not have considerable effect on ALP levels alone or together with MTX. Our results showed that PSE+ MTX and also PPE+ MTX treatment caused serum AST values to increase significantly in comparison with control and MTX groups. In histopatological study, the extracts decreased the pathological changes induced by methotrexate. The present study demonstrated that PPE and PSE that have notable total flavonoid and phenolic contents and also antioxidant activity, can protect the liver against histo-pathological and some enzymatic changes induced by MTX in rats.

Pregnancy is one of the most sensitive and important periods of a woman’s life. It is necessary to have a proper diet program based on physiologic changes and individual characteristics during pregnancy in order to meet the needs of mother and fetus, weight control, and prevention of different diseases and complications. The aim of this research was to implement an expert system for weight control surveillance and nutritional consulting.

This study was an applied and descriptive study as performed on a random sample of 100 pregnant women. The system designing was created using expert systems methods based on rules and forward chaining technique. The web-based expert system was designed in two sections: weight controlling and suggestive diet. Then, the system output was compared with the actual advices provided by nutrition experts.

Using kappa index in SPSS software, the similarity of the results of designed system to the diagnosis by nutritionist was 0.89 (very strong) in weight control surveillance, and 0.79 (strong) in proposed diet.

The findings of the study show that such systems can play an effective helping role in promoting healthy diet, weight control, and using diet among pregnant women, especially those who cannot easily access an expert nutritionist in some areas.

The microbiological and biochemical changes occurred during the fermentation of camel milk inoculated by three selected bacterial starter, were investigated as well as the sensory evaluation of the product. Milk samples were collected from camel herds of southeastern of Iran. Chr. Hansen ABT-10 starter including Lactobacillus acidophillus, Biphidobacterum biphidum and Sterptococcus thermophilusin ratio of 0.50 g per 100 mL of camel milk was added. This fermented product was examined at the 0, 3rd, 6th and 9th days for microbiological, biochemical and sensory evaluations. The results showed the number of starter bacteria was maintained at least 106 CFU mL-1 during nine test days. It was shown that it could be used as fermented-probiotic drink. The product did not show any microbial contamination. The acidity and protein amount of produced drink showed a significant (p

Methotrexate (MTX) is prescribed in many diseases and can result in oxidative stress (OS) followed by injuries in some tissues. Antioxidants administration are effective in reducing OS. Pomegranate exhibits high anti-oxidant capacities. This study investigated whether pomegranate seed and peel methanolic extracts (PSE and PPE) could protect against MTX-induced OS and lipid profile changes in rats.
Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group (normal salin), PSE group (500 mg/kg, orally), PPE group (500 mg/kg, orally), MTX group (10 mg/kg, IM), MTX and PSE group, and MTX and PPE group. Blood samples were taken for analysis in the end of the procedure.
The findings showed a significant reduction in Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and an enhancement in malondialdehyde (MDA) values after MTX treatment (p The results showed the OS induced by MTX and the protective effects of PSE and PPE against MTX-induced serum oxidative stress and lipid profile changes in rats.

Iron overload and accelerated oxidative stress are main factors in the pathogenesis of β–thalassemia major. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of green tea consumption on serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation (TS) and antioxidant status in β–thalassemia patients.
This study conducted on 52 subjects with β–thalassemia major (males and females) ≥18 y. The intervention group (n= 26) consumed green tea (2.5 g /150 mL hot water) 3 times per day for 8 wk and the control group (n= 26) followed a water regimen. Anthropometric measurements, blood samples and 24-h dietary recalls were gathered at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Independent t test, paired t test and analysis of covariance were used for data analysis.
Mean of serum iron, ferritin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were 234.7±49.3 μg/dL, 2776.07±533.4 ng/dl, 3.01±0.64 nmol/ml and 2.2665±0.77 nmol/l in green tea group and 298.19±66.87 μg/dL, 3070.23±643.6 ng/dl, 298.19±66.87 nmol/ml and 2.0862 ±0.35 nmol/l in control group at baseline, respectively. Green tea significantly decreased serum levels of iron, ferritin and MDA and increased TAC compared with control group (all, P Green tea consumption had favorable effects on iron status and oxidative stress in studied subjects and may be useful in management of these risk factors in patients with β–thalassemia major.

To evaluate the association of breakfast intake with micro and macro nutrients intake, dietary diversity score (DDS), food group consumption and body mass index (BMI) in girl students.
Research Methods & Procedures: A total of 384 female students (aged 15 to 19 years) were recruited from high-schools of Tehran using stratified sampling. Information regarding frequency of breakfast consumption was collected by asking questions on a three-point scale of “always”, “sometimes” and “never”. Physical activity and DDS were measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Dietary Diversity Questionnaire (FAO-2013), respectively. In addition, weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) per height squared (m2). In the present study, 49.5% of girls always consumed breakfast; 34.4% sometimes and 16.1% never consumed breakfast. Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with higher BMI and weight dissatisfaction (p≤0.05). Adolescents who were daily consumers of breakfast had higher intake of energy and carbohydrate (p˂0.05). They had also higher intake of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, linoleic acid, folate, manganese and fluoride after adjustment for energy intake (p˂0.05). After adjustment for energy and BMI, DDS was significantly higher for adolescents with daily breakfast consumption compared to other groups(p=0.03). Further, percentage of participants consuming egg, milk and dairy, fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A was higher in daily breakfast eaters compared to other groups (p˂0.05). Eating breakfast may associate with higher diet quality as well as weight control in female adolescents.

Breakfast as a main meal of the day, provides energy and important nutrients and it is a crutial food behavior. Considering the importance of this meal and its effect on health, this study aimed to assess dietary behavior and its relationship with Body Mass Index of junior high school girls in Kerman during 2012-2013.
In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional sudy, 809 junior high school girls were selected using cluster randomized sampling and evaluated. General and nutritional data was gathered by a questionnaire. Anthropometric indices were measured by using standard instruments. SPSS 17 was used for data analysis through descriptive statistics and the chi-square test.
The mean age of subjects was13.5±0.71 years. Fifty five and a half percent of the subjects ate breakfast at least 3 times a week and 28.5% ate breakfast every day. Twelve percent of subjects did not eat breakfast. Morning snack consumption was observed in 97.8% at least 3 times a week. Mean Body Mass Index of participants was 20.17± 4.06 kg/m2. Based on CDC criteria, underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was observed in 9.8%, 57.5%, 18.9 % and 13.8 %, respectively. A significant correlation was found between students’body Mass Index with morning snack consumption (P=0.004), mothers’ job (P=0.019) and parents’ Body Mass Index (P The study results emphasize on more parental supervision especially among employed mothers and parents with overweight and obesity on the kind of food consumption in the morning snack of children.

Objectives Malnutrition is a clinical disorder and a common risk factor in older patients with diabetes that may impact their health. This study aimed to assess nutritional status and associated factors in elderly with diabetes in Kerman City, Iran.
Methods & Materials This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kerman in which 190 older patients with diabetes were included. Their nutritional habit was measured using the MNA. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and correlation among variables, analyzed by the Chi Square, T-test, and One Way ANOVA.
Results The findings showed that 5.3% of elderly patients were suffering from malnutrition, and in 51.6% nutritional status was normal. Also, there was a statistically significant association between nutritional status and gender (P=0.036). There was a significant negative relationship between duration of diabetes and nutritional status in the elderly (r=0.192, P=0.008).
Conclusion It is necessary to maintain and improve the status of elderly diabetic patients with malnutrition by administering normal nutritional status and special attention

Introduction and Aims: Failure to thrive (FTT) is defined as delay or stop in a child’s growth and in case it is not considered, will lead to serious somatic complications in the child. In this study, associated environmental factors with failure to thrive in Sarbishe 3-72 month old children was examined.
The present study with an analytical cross-sectional design was conducted on 3-72 month old children in Sarbisheh city. This study was done on 422 children under supervision of Sarbisheh health center. Case (children with FTT) and control groups (children without FTT) were matched for age and sex. For data analyzing, the Chi -square, t- test and logistic regression were used by SPSS v.22.
From characteristics of the household; maternal education level, maternal occupation and mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI had a significant relation with FTT in children. From characteristics of the child; birth weight had a significant relation with FTT in children. From economic characteristics of households; housing and addiction of the mother had a significant relation with FTT in children.
According to the factors associated with FTT in children, parents education about child nutrition, attention to mother's weight before pregnancy, supporting unprivileged children or children with irresponsible parents is important in children's health promotion.

Based on WHO estimation, inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables is one of the five main factors leading to rising in the global burden of chronic diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate fruit and vegetable consumption based on the Food Guide Pyramid, in students of the Health Faculty of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2013.
In this cross-sectional study, 229 students were selected using multistage sampling. Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was completed and anthropometric indices were measured by standard instruments and methods.Mann-WhitneyU and two sample t-test were used to compare mean indices between the two groups, Wilcoxson and one sample t-test were used to compare the daily serving intake of food groups with Food Guide Pyramid recommendations. Data analysis was done through SPSS18.
Mean age of students was 21.88 ± 2.46 years. Mean consumption of fruit was 3.57±1.53 serving/day, and it was in the recommended range. Mean consumption of vegetables (1.95±0.74 serving/day) showed a significant difference with the recommeded minimum amount(P>0.001).Mean consumption of meat (2.31±0.55 serving/day) and bread and cereal (10.6± 0.20 serving/day) were in the the recommended range. Mean consumption of milk (1±0.043serving/day) showed a significant difference with the recommened minimum amount(P>0.001).
Since vegetable and milk consumptions were significantly lower than the recommended amounts, more vegetable and milk consumption are advised.

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder. Clinical nutrition education is a key component in its control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrition education in control of blood glucose and serum lipids levels in type II diabetic patients referred to the diabetes center of Shahid Bahonar Hospital in Kerman.
In this outcome study, 150 type II diabetic patients who referred to the mentioned center were selected based on study inclusion criteria. Biochemical data before and after nutrition education were obtained from their medical records. Nutrition education was done by expert nutritionists in two phases; group education sessions (at least in one session) and one face to face session. Mean serum levels of biochemical data before and after the education were compared using paired t-test, Wilcoxon and through SPSS15 software.
Patient's mean age was 43±8.7 years. Mean serum levels of fasting blood sugar, 2 hr blood sugar (mg/dl) and HbA1C (%) were respectively 8.92±2.1, 297±109 and 191.6±7 before; and 7.52±1.37, 229.7±80.1 and 147±48.6 after the education. All these parameters showed significant decrease after education (P The study results emphasize on the importance of using nutrition education programs in controlling blood glucose and serum lipids level; in type II diabetic patients.